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The increasing popularity of low-cost electric vehicles (EV) is driven by their affordability compared to conventional gasoline-powered cars, making them an attractive option for many citizens. Growing awareness and concern about environmental issues, such as air pollution and climate change, have played a major role in the rising demand for low-cost electric vehicles as an eco-friendly transportation solution. In addition, government incentives and tax credits are making electric vehicles accessible to a large number of consumers. With EV`s popularity, their power sources, in case of mechanical impact, can explode or catch fire, posing a potential safety risk. However, advances in battery technology and safety measures have greatly minimised these risks. Manufacturers have implemented various safety precautions, such as reinforced enclosures and thermal management systems, to prevent such incidents. In addition, strict regulations and standards have been introduced to ensure the safe production and use of electric vehicle batteries. In this article, we will discuss an underbody protection shield for batteries that has been developed and optimised to provide additional protection for a Dacia SPRING battery pack. The underbody shield has been developed to provide additional protection to the battery, reducing the risk of damage from debris or impact.

The purpose of this paper is to present a vibration dissipation device that sends vibration signals from the manipulated tool in the workplace to the operator’s hand by improving its ergonomic appearance and materials. Compared with another vibration dissipation device, this one was previously designed and patented. This paper is based on two studies: one theoretical and the other experimental (the latter regarding the material used). The first part is represented by the design and simulation of the device and a static analysis by FEA in SolidWorks 2022. The stresses to which the materials of the device’s bracelets are subjected are studied in this article; then, the resistance of the device’s materials to the tensile and deformation stresses they are subjected to is presented. All these studies complement DIAV equipment’s functionality in terms of its components’ design and assembly. Emphasis is placed on its shape and ease of assembly and the operator’s dexterity in mechanical processes so that DIAV does not limit them. In addition, from the point of view of its design, emphasis is placed on its fixation so that it is easy to assemble and is within reach of any operator. The appropriate choice of materials for the components of the DIAV device is of major importance both in terms of strength, ergonomics, and weight. The experimental results validate the theoretical results obtained through the FEA simulation in SolidWorks, and this fact confirms the usefulness and functionality of the DIAV device from the perspective of vibration attenuation.

[...]a reduction in material consumption, a better distribution of effort and greater stability of the combiner all took place. [...]a reduction in material consumption, a better distribution of efforts and greater stability of the combiner all took place. The advantages of this modeling are as follows: * Automatic detection of material interferences or modeling errors; * Accurate determination of the center of gravity and all other geometric-mechanical characteristics; * Easy generation of technical documentation and material requirements; Once the geometric model is realized, the optimization activity takes place in several stages as follows: _l Accurate positioning of the center of gravity for correct positioning of the subassemblies (knife support and roller support) as well as a correct balancing of the combination assembly; 1 Simulate frame loading as close as possible to reality; 1 Run a computer numeric analysis to determine the stresses as well as the movements that occur in the frame in the real work process; _l Adopt an optimal construction solution that will track maximum work and technological performance in reasonable cost and material consumption. 8. CONCLUSIONS The constructive optimization of the combiner has gone through the following stages: o Studying the specialized literature in the field of combinators o Reporting the execution documentation of existing combiners o Solid modelling of all parts o Creating subassemblies o Creating the overall functional assembly o Simulation of combiner operation o Reanalysing the sub-assemblies through functional improvements o reanalysing and remodelling component components to reduce mass and increase technological feasibility. o A new approach to the functional dynamics of the remodelled simulator by computer simulation Analyses performed on the combiner's components have revealed many optimization possibilities such as reducing the mass of components, improving their performance, reducing fuel consumption per unit of hectare processed.

The aerodynamic evaluation of vehicles body structure represents a significant stage in a car body design, having a considerable implication in fuel reduction and an increased vehicle stability on the road. The aim of this paper is to determine the aerodynamic coefficient, illustrating the airflow streamlines around the body of a VAN and reducing the aerodynamic coefficient by adding air deflectors to the vehicle body structure. The starting point of the CFD aerodynamic study is represented by the determination of the air flow regime around the vehicle body, followed by the determination of the aerodynamic coefficient and the lift coefficient for the base model of the vehicle. In the second stage the reduction of the aerodynamic coefficient is done by adding the air deflectors in the rear side of the vehicle. The aerodynamic study is performed for each vehicle model separately, resulting three simulation cases at a 25, 35 and 45 m/s velocity. The last part of the paper presents the conclusions of the obtained results and the strong and weakness points by using the CFD simulation in vehicles aerodynamics evaluation.

In order to determine the height of the tetrahedron, we construct the right triangle csso with one cathetus the projection sc and the hypotenuse is length of the edges l. In the constructed triangle sso is the height of the tetrahedron, respectively S is the vertex of the tetrahedron. Because ab=cs= the horizontal projection of the tetrahedron is the apparent contour of the horizontal projection s1ac1b. Since the edge BC is perpendicular on this symmetry plan, this means that this edge is horizontal line and its new vertical projection is bi'=ci'. Liviu SCURTU, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Automotive Engineering and Transports, E-mail: liviu.scurtu@auto.utcluj.ro Teaching Assistant PhD.

Prior to planting, the soil must be prepared usually by machines called cultivators. Older field cultivators are suitable for modification for row cropping. The crops and the tractor power available will determine specific needs. Factors to consider include row spacing and row spacing flexibility, whether you need a towed or tractor mounted unit, frame size and layout, ease of levelling, ease of moving, removing, and replacing shanks, overall machine condition, and the robustness of the shanks. The paper describes the struggle concerning the 3D modelling of such a field cultivator with special features.

Prior to planting, the soil must be prepared usually by machines called cultivators. Older field cultivators are suitable for modification for row cropping. The crops and the tractor power available will determine specific needs. Factors to consider include row spacing and row spacing flexibility, whether you need a towed or tractor mounted unit, frame size and layout, ease of levelling, ease of moving, removing, and replacing shanks, overall machine condition, and the robustness of the shanks. The paper describes the struggle concerning the 3D modelling of such a field cultivator with special features.

Car mechanics are exposed to high-temperature discomfort in a repair workshop during their daily work. This work studies thermal comfort in auto workshops by determining the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PDD (Predicted Percentage dissatisfied Index) according to the actual standards. The first part of this work presents the current stage of the method for determining thermal comfort by applying a computational fluid dynamics method. The second part of this paper presents the modelling of the internal volume of the repair workshop and the existing work components. In the third part of the paper, the boundary conditions for thermal comfort are created for two cases: in the first case, the heating radiators are opened, and the cooling system works in the heating regime, and in the second case, the heating radiators are closed, and the ventilation system works in the cooling regime. In the final part of the work, the results and conclusions of this study are presented.

The increasing popularity of low-cost electric vehicles (EV) is driven by their affordability compared to conventional gasoline-powered cars, making them an attractive option for many citizens. Growing awareness and concern about environmental issues, such as air pollution and climate change, have played a major role in the rising demand for low-cost electric vehicles as an eco-friendly transportation solution. In addition, government incentives and tax credits are making electric vehicles accessible to a large number of consumers. With EV`s popularity, their power sources, in case of mechanical impact, can explode or catch fire, posing a potential safety risk. However, advances in battery technology and safety measures have greatly minimised these risks. Manufacturers have implemented various safety precautions, such as reinforced enclosures and thermal management systems, to prevent such incidents. In addition, strict regulations and standards have been introduced to ensure the safe production and use of electric vehicle batteries. In this article, we will discuss an underbody protection shield for batteries that has been developed and optimised to provide additional protection for a Dacia SPRING battery pack. The underbody shield has been developed to provide additional protection to the battery, reducing the risk of damage from debris or impact.

This paper aims to review researchers’ concerns over time (from the 1980s to the present) regarding the transmission of mechanical vibrations in the workplace to the limbs, with a preponderant focus on the hand–arm system and some of the effects over time. These concerns are strictly approached from the point of view of their effects on different races, types of jobs, and forms of tools handled in the workplace. In this regard, when we refer to unwanted vibrations (harmful to a person) in the industrial environment, these are vibrations that can produce harmful effects on an individual’s health, leading to occupational diseases such as white finger syndrome. Some of the terms specific to the studies reviewed, such as vibration perception and biodynamic force, among others, are explained in this paper as needed. Studies in the field have shown that vibrations are transmitted differently when the arm is bent at the elbow joint compared to when it is outstretched; also, the transmission of vibrations is influenced by other factors, such as the temperature of the working environment, the gender and age of the person who is using the vibrating devices, and last but not least, the time of their use and the frequency. The conclusions presented by the specialized literature often refer to existing standards, in particular SR EN ISO 5349/2003. Finally, in this paper, conclusions are drawn regarding how to analyze the transmission of vibrations over time, and some recommendations are given for avoiding or minimizing them, which can be added to the already-existing standards.