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Dengue, chikungunya, and Zika present significant public health challenges in Colombia. Spatial studies help clarify the distribution and progression of these diseases over time and location. Objective to describe the spatio-temporal distribution and clustering patterns of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika in Medellín, Colombia, between 2013 and 2021, with the aim of providing baseline spatial intelligence to support future epidemiological and policy-oriented analyses. We analyzed dengue, chikungunya, and Zika cases in Medellín from 2013 to 2021, using weekly data from 27,459 geocoded cases across 265 neighborhoods. Cases were geocoded by neighborhood based on residential addresses in the national surveillance system (SIVIGILA). Spatio-temporal analysis identified high-risk clusters and examined the co-circulation of the diseases through multivariate analysis. We used scan statistics with a discrete Poisson model to detect high-risk clusters. From 2013 to 2021, 26,350 dengue cases probable and confirmed were reported, with an annual incidence of 137.3 per 100,000 residents. Chikungunya and Zika emerged in 2014 and 2015, with 574 and 515 cases reported, resulting in incidences of 5.1 and 3.8 per 100,000 residents, respectively. We identified five dengue clusters and four clusters each for Zika and chikungunya, mainly in Medellín's northeast. Multivariate analysis revealed six clusters, with four exhibiting high risk for all three diseases. Co-circulation of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika occurred between September 2015 and February 2017. Dengue clusters peaked between 2015 and 2016, while chikungunya and Zika peaks occurred in 2015 and 2016, respectively. This study advances understanding of spatio-temporal dynamics in arbovirus transmission in Medellín, highlighting high-risk clusters for dengue, chikungunya, and Zika and their collective presence. Our findings support targeted public health interventions to mitigate these diseases.

The T2K experiment presents new measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters using [Formula omitted] protons on target (POT) in (anti-)neutrino mode at the far detector (FD). Compared to the previous analysis, an additional [Formula omitted] POT neutrino data was collected at the FD. Significant improvements were made to the analysis methodology, with the near-detector analysis introducing new selections and using more than double the data. Additionally, this is the first T2K oscillation analysis to use NA61/SHINE data on a replica of the T2K target to tune the neutrino flux model, and the neutrino interaction model was improved to include new nuclear effects and calculations. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses are presented, including results on [Formula omitted] and the impact of priors on the [Formula omitted] measurement. Both analyses prefer the normal mass ordering and upper octant of [Formula omitted] with a nearly maximally CP-violating phase. Assuming the normal ordering and using the constraint on [Formula omitted] from reactors, [Formula omitted] using Feldman-Cousins corrected intervals, and [Formula omitted] using constant [Formula omitted] intervals. The CP-violating phase is constrained to [Formula omitted] using Feldman-Cousins corrected intervals, and [Formula omitted] is excluded at more than 90% confidence level. A Jarlskog invariant of zero is excluded at more than [Formula omitted] credible level using a flat prior in [Formula omitted] and just below [Formula omitted] using a flat prior in [Formula omitted] When the external constraint on [Formula omitted] is removed, [Formula omitted] in agreement with measurements from reactor experiments. These results are consistent with previous T2K analyses.

Burnout is a health problem that affects professionals and students or professionals in training, especially those in health areas. For this reason, it is necessary that it is properly identified to prevent the impact it can have on the work and personal areas of the people who suffer from it. The aim of this work is to study the convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity of the Cuestionario Burnout Granada-University Students. The sample consisted of 463 undergraduate nursing students, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling, who participated voluntarily and anonymously in the study. The mean age of the participants was 21.9 (5.12) years, mostly female (74.1%), single (95.8%), and childless (95.6%). Information was collected face-to-face, and the instruments were completed on paper. Comparisons were made in the three dimensions of burnout of the CBG-USS between students with and without burnout, finding statistically significant differences in all three dimensions: Emotional Exhaustion (p < 0.001, d = 0.674), Cynicism (p < 0.001, d = 0.479), and Academic Efficacy (p < 0.001, d = −0.607). The Cuestionario Burnout Granada-University Students presents adequate reliability and validity indices, which demonstrates its usefulness in the identification of burnout. This syndrome has traditionally been measured in professionals, but students also present burnout, so it is necessary to have specific burnout instruments for students, since the pre-work situation and stressors of students are different from those of workers. In order to work on the prevention of university burnout, it is essential to have specific instruments for professionals in training that help in the detection of students with burnout.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of burnout syndrome in adolescents entering university studies, to detect differences in burnout levels, personality factors and fear of coronavirus in a pandemic context due to COVID-19. A cross-sectional predictive study was performed with a sample that comprised 134 individuals in their first year of a Psychology degree at Spanish universities. The Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale were applied. The prevalence of burnout is estimated according to three methods: Maslach and Jackson’s severity classification, Golembiewski’s phase model and Maslach et al.’s profile model. The estimates show significant differences. The results indicated that between 9 and 21% of students were at risk of developing burnout. On the other hand, students who reported having suffered psychological consequences of the pandemic showed greater emotional exhaustion, neuroticism and fear of COVID-19, and a lower level of personal accomplishment than those who did not suffer such consequences. Neuroticism was the only significant predictor for all burnout dimensions, and fear of COVID-19 did not contribute to any of them.

Adsorption into biochar-derived materials and mycoremediation are promising technologies for removing dyes from solid and liquid matrices. This study presents a combined treatment with adsorption into wood-chip biochar and mycodegradation under solid-state fermentation by Trametes villosa for removing the leather-dye Acid Blue 161. In the first stage, untreated wood-chip biochar, NaOH–depolymerised biochar and KMnO4–depolymerised biochar were assessed for their dye removal efficiency by adsorption. KMnO4–depolymerised biochar exhibited the highest adsorption (85.1 ± 1.9%) after 24 h of contact. KMnO4–depolymerisation modified some physical and chemical properties on the untreated wood-chip biochar, increasing the surface area (50.4 m2 g–1), pore size (1.9 nm), and presence of surface functional groups. Response surface methodology coupled with a Box–Behnken design was used to optimise the AB161 adsorption into the KMnO4–depolymerised biochar. The optimised conditions, pH 3.0, dye concentration 100 mg L–1 and sorbent dosage 2 g L–1, led to a higher dye removal efficiency by adsorption (91.9 ± 1.0%). In a second stage, the wood-chip biochar supplemented with nutrients (1% malt extract and 0.5% peptone) was employed as a solid matrix for growing T. villosa and regenerating the dye-saturated material. After 15 days, T. villosa was able to grow (86.8 ± 0.8%), exhibit laccase activity (621.9 ± 62.3 U L–1), and biodegrade (91.4 ± 1.3%) the dye adsorbed into the KMnO4–depolymerised biochar. Finally, the mycoregenerated biochar was reutilised in a new cycle of adsorption reaching 79.5 ± 2.0% of dye removal efficiency by adsorption. This study revealed the potential of the combined treatment and is an initial assessment for developing commercial alternatives for treating leather industry wastewaters.

Surgical area nurses provide comprehensive care to patients throughout the surgical process. Increases in life expectancy lead to the appearance and development of diseases, translating into an increase in the number of necessary interventions. Increases in the workload can be another risk factor for the development of burnout in professionals in this area. Knowledge of psychological and personality-related variables provides relevant information of level changes in the dimensions of burnout syndrome. Three logistic regression models, based on a cross-sectional study with 214 nurses working in the surgical area in the Andalusian Health Service, Spain, were built for each dimension. These models included different variables related to depression and personality, with some being significant at the population level and consequently true risk or protection factors. Friendliness, responsibility and extraversion are protection factors for the personal accomplishment dimension, whilst neuroticism is a risk factor for this dimension. Friendliness is also a protection factor for depersonalization, whilst depression is a risk factor. Finally, neuroticism, responsibility and depression are risk factors for the emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout. These findings provide relevant information that makes anticipation of this syndrome in this group easier.

This paper shows the results of research conducted with the objective of knowing the perceptions of people in Colombia about the possibility of receiving a universal basic income, which does not exist thus far in the country. The research question was: how do the social perceptions of Colombians about receiving a UBI allow them to understand the possibilities of developing a public policy that guarantees it? A qualitative methodology of grounded theory was applied by conducting 37 in-depth interviews with adults of all socioeconomic levels, all educational levels and productive working age. The information obtained was coded. The resultant main categories with which the Grounded Theory was built were mistrust in others, hope for a better society, unconditional support, and implementation scenario. It was concluded that, if there is an intention to implement the UBI in Colombia, there must be policies that contribute to changing the mistrust and fear of citizens to receive support from the State by solidarity and equity so that UBI can be assume as a right that contributes to the construction of justice and social welfare.

Pulmonary manifestations are frequent in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with a frequency of 30-90% that depends on the cohort and the methods used for their identification. The association of this compromise with mortality highlights its importance and the need for biomarkers to adequately predict this complication. We describe the prevalence of pulmonary manifestations, and the clinic and immunoserological characteristics of 551 Colombian patients with SLE We performed an observational and analytic study of a retrospective cohort with adult SLE patients who fulfilled the 2012 SLICC classification criteria and that had a history of at least 6 months of the disease. These patients were treated in a specialized center of rheumatology with presence in six cities of Colombia between 2015 and 2018. We excluded pregnant patients and those with incomplete data for our survey. The first clinic consult occurred between 2015 and 2018, being defined as moment one. The follow up one year later was defined as moment two. We obtained 710 registries that were potentially eligible and analyzed 465 patients at moment two after applying the exclusion criteria In 465 eligible patients, 20,5% had pulmonary compromise (93.8% female) with a median age of 42,4 years. The average SLICC Damage Index of 551 patients with SLE was 0,9 in women and 1.05 in men, while the average SDI of patients with pulmonary compromise was 1. The most frequent manifestation was pleural (14.3%), followed by Lupus pneumonitis (3.6%) and pulmonary hypertension (3.2%). Other manifestations and serological characteristics are recorded in Table 1. Of note, ANA homogeneous pattern was the most common (34.5%), anti-RNP positivity was 41.7%, anti-dsDNA positivity was 53.1% and 53.1% had hypocomplementemia. The prevalence of pulmonary manifestations in our cohort was 20,5%, which is lower that in the previous described GLADEL cohort (28,4%). This could be explained by the regional differences of ethnicities in Latin America and in immune-serological profiles. Anti-RNP positivity was frequent (41.7%) and new pulmonary compromise for one year follow-up was rare. Of not, the mean damage index for our patients with pulmonary manifestations was 1, this could highlight the importance of this organ as a causa of higher damage accrual and mortality, which we will explore in the future The prevalence of pulmonary manifestations in our cohort was 20,5%, which is lower that in the previous described GLADEL cohort (28,4%). This could be explained by the regional differences of ethnicities in Latin America and in immune-serological profiles. Anti-RNP positivity was frequent (41.7%) and new pulmonary compromise for one year follow-up was rare. Of not, the mean damage index for our patients with pulmonary manifestations was 1, this could highlight the importance of this organ as a causa of higher damage accrual and mortality, which we will explore in the future [1]G. Aguilera-Pickens, C. Abud-Mendoza. Pulmonary Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Pleural Involvement, Acute Pneumonitis, Chronic Interstitial Lung Disease and Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage. Reumatol Clin. 2018;14(5):294–300. [2]Haye Salinas MJ, Caeiro F, Saurit V. Pleuropulmonary involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from a Latin American inception cohort (GLADEL). Lupus (2017) 0, 1–10. [3]Santamaria-Alza Y, Sanchez-Bautista J, Fajardo-Rivero J. Acute respiratory involvement in Colombian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus undergoing chest computed tomography. Int J Rheum Dis. 2019;00:1–7. None declared Table 1clinical and immunoserological characteristicsn%Women10693,8Global mortality468,3Pulmonary compromise mortality87,1ANA10492Anti-DNA6053,1ENAS97,2Ro35/8740,2La14/8516,5SM32/8836,4RNP35/8441,7Follow up 1 %Follow up 2 %P Value *Pulmonary hypertension3,22,80,28Pulmonary fibrosis2,142,61Shrunken lung0,20,21Pleuritis14,315,050,42Lupus pneumonitis3,63,010,85Alveolar hemorrhage1,41,30,76Pulmonary embolism2,31,930,72

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic autoimmune disease with heterogenous and variable behavior. The frequency of pulmonary involvement ranges from 10-90%, with this variability in occurrence attributed to differences in populations and heterogeneity in detection methods and study designs. To analyze survival in patients with SLE and the presence of pulmonary manifestations according to clinical and demographic characteristics in a cohort of patients in Colombia Observational-analytical, retrospective, follow-up study of a cohort of adult patients with SLE. We included 559 adult patients who fulfilled the 2012 SLICC SLE classification criteria and with at least 6 months of disease evolution, treated in a medical center specialized in rheumatology with locations in 6 cities in Colombia between 2015 and 2018. Pregnant patients and those who had incomplete data or visits were excluded. Immunoserological profile was characterized and pulmonary involvement was followed for 1 year. The diagnosis of pulmonary involvement was obtained from the rheumatology report in the clinical chart. The prevalence of pulmonary manifestations and the immunoserological profile were determined and subsequently a logistic regression adjusted for age, sex and level of education was performed to establish the association between pulmonary manifestations and a positive autoantibody profile Median age was 44.5 ± 14 years, 96.6% were women. In patients with pulmonary compromise 9.7% were smokers, 12.4% had an active alcohol intake, 58.4% had a low socioeconomic status, 38.1% medium and 4.7% high. Pulmonary involvement was present in 20% of patients, the most common manifestations were pleuritis (14.3%), lupus pneumonitis (3.6%), pulmonary hypertension (3.2%), interstitial lung disease (2.3%), pulmonary embolism (2.3%), pulmonary fibrosis (2.14%), alveolar hemorrhage (1.4%), shrinking lung (0.2%). there was no significant difference in the follow up at one year. Immunoserological characteristics shows ANA positivity in 92%, anti-DNA in 53%, ENAS in 97%, with anti-RNP being the most common (41.7%), and low complement levels in 53%. Mortality for pulmonary compromise was 1.4%, and survival at 2 years did not have a statistically significant difference (p=0.155) Survival was not found to be lower in patients with SLE and pulmonary involvement (p=0.155) when compared to SLE patients without pulmonary involvement after 2-year follow-up. This finding was independent of age, gender, and educational level. Previous large cohorts like GLADEL and RELESSER describe an association between pulmonary involvement and lower survival HR 2,79 (95% CI: 1,80-4,31), p <0,001 and HR 3.13, (95% IC: 1.56– 6.28, P = 0.00 respectively. In the RELESSER cohort pleural involvement and pulmonary embolism was found to have low to minimal impact on survival. In our cohort pleuritis was the most common finding whereas the other pulmonary manifestations were reported in less than 4% of patients. This difference could explain our differences with other cohorts. Other causes for this difference are a smaller sample size and a short follow-up. The results of our study do not suggest that there is an association between pulmonary involvement and mortality in Colombian patients with SLE during a 2-year follow-up. We will continue to monitor and report in this regard [1]Narváez J, Borrell H, Sánchez-Alonso F, Rúa-Figueroa I, López-Longo FJ, Galindo-Izquierdo M, et al. Primary respiratory disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (RELESSER) cohort. Arthritis Res Ther. 2018;20(1):1–10. [2]Keane MP, Lynch JP. Pleuropulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Vol. 55, Thorax. Thorax; 2000. p. 159–66. [3]Haye Salinas MJ, Caeiro F, Saurit V, Alvarellos A, Wojdyla D, Scherbarth HR, et al. Pleuropulmonary involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from a Latin American inception cohort (GLADEL). Lupus. 2017;26(13):1368–77 None declared