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Bato-Dalai Ochirov
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a native intelligentsia took shape among Siberia’s Buryat Mongols that, combining indigenous and Russian influences, pursued cultural survival alongside social, political, and economic modernization. One of its significant, yet relatively unsung, members was Bato-Dalai Ochirov (1874 or 1875–1913). He is best known as the only Buryat ever to serve in the Russian State Duma (in the short-lived Second Duma in 1907). Yet over the course of his short life, Ochirov also was an administrator, political activist, author, philanthropist, and supporter of culture and science. This article provides an overview of Ochirov’s life and seeks to elucidate his worldview, which stressed the defense of Buryat interests using the possibilities available within the existing autocratic order.
Journal Article
Zhamtsarano among the Western Buryats: The \Field Notes\ as a Source for Buryat Social History in the Early Twentieth Century
The Buryat scholar Tsyben Zhamtsarano (1880 or 1881–1942) is best known for his scholarly contributions as a folklorist and philologist, his participation in the Buryat national movement and Mongolia's revolutionary government, and his tragic end as a victim of the Stalinist purges. Yet he also was a keen observer of Buryat daily life. This article utilizes the “field notes” that he gathered during folklore expeditions in the Buryat territories of Irkutsk Province between 1903 and 1907 to explore aspects of Western Buryat society in the first decade of the twentieth century: relations between the Western Buryats and Russian officialdom; social ills such as alcoholism and disease; Western Buryat religious life (Buddhism, Shamanism, and Russian Orthodoxy); and the birth of native social and political activism.
Journal Article
Buriat Political and Social Activism in the 1905 Revolution
This article investigates the upsurge in political and social activism among the Buriats of Siberia's Lake Baikal region during Russia's 1905 Revolution (broadly defined as 1905 to 1907). Specific topics include the Buriats' struggles for their ancestral lands and traditional political structures, and against Russification and discrimination; the activities of the Buriat intelligentsia; the holding of Buriat national congresses; participation in radical and liberal movements; the use of Buddhism as a national symbol; attempts to nativize education; and participation in the early Duma system.
Journal Article
The Ancient Origins of Cognitive Therapy: The Reemergence of Stoicism
In this article, I will discuss some of the similarities between modern cognitive therapy and the Stoic philosophies of ancient Rome. Although a one-to-one correspondence is not asserted, a number of fundamental similarities between the two schools of thought are drawn upon in making a comparison between stoicism and modern cognitive therapy. This comparison provided a historical perspective on the evolution of the philosophical foundations and assumptions of cognitive therapy. The Stoic concepts (including those of Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius, Seneca, and Chrysippus) of emotion and those of leading cognitive therapists (primarily Beck and Ellis) were compared. The fundamental Stoic belief that the emotions arise from an interaction between reason and the world was shown to anticipate both Beck and Ellis
Journal Article
Under the Shadow of White Tara: Buriat Buddhists in Imperial Russia By Nikolay Tsyrempilov. Leiden: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2021. xvii, 220 pp. ISBN: 9783506760487 (cloth)
According to Tsyrempilov in chapter 2, “Building the Church of the Lamas,” soon after Buddhism entered Buriatia in the seventeenth century, the Mongol Buddhist world's division between the Russian and Qing Empires sparked the first Russian attempts to regulate Buriat Buddhism. [...]a 1741 law recognized the Tsongol Datsan's abbot, Ngawang Puntsok, as the sangha's head, exempted lamas from taxation, limited their number to 150, and banned Buriat contacts with foreign lamas. [...]this work shows a much more nuanced approach than earlier Soviet works that, while informative, were shackled in the straitjacket of Marxist anticlericalism.1 The most wide-ranging study of Buriat Buddhism in English, Under the Shadow of White Tara complements John Snelling and Alexandre Andreyev's specialized studies of the prominent cleric Agvan Dorzhiev and Buriat involvement in Russo-Tibetan relations.2 By situating Russia's treatment of Buriat Buddhism in the context of its policies toward minority faiths and its geopolitical ambitions in Asia, the book expands upon Paul Werth and David Schimmelpenninck van der Oye's treatments.3 Under the Shadow of White Tara will be of great utility for students of native Siberian history, Mongolian studies, Buddhology, and imperial policy toward subaltern groups. rmontgom@bw.edu
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