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The utility of ultrasound for diagnosing diverticulitis, especially in high-risk cases with complicated diverticulitis, remains debated. This study aimed to provide contemporary quantitative data synthesis of the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in patients with suspected diverticulitis. Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and CENTRAL were searched from January 1st,1990 to September 15th, 2023, for potentially relevant articles. Selected studies evaluated and reported estimates of diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for the diagnosis of acute diverticulitis using CT as the gold standard. Subgroup analyses were conducted for simple versus complicated diverticulitis, and for point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) versus radiology-performed ultrasound (RADUS). Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. Diagnostic odds ratios, sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were reported. A total of 12 diagnostic studies (n = 2056 patients) were identified. Ultrasound showed a sensitivity of 92.5 % (95 % CI 86.9 %–95.8 %) and specificity of 87.7 % (95 % CI 75.7 %–94.2 %) for detecting acute diverticulitis. The positive likelihood ratio (LR+) was 8.28 (95 % CI 4.74–14.45) and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) was 0.08 (95 % CI 0.05–0.15). For complicated diverticulitis ultrasound had a sensitivity of 58.3 % (95 % CI 46.1 %–69.8 %) and specificity of 98.2 % (95 % CI 96.4–99.2). The LR+ was 31.86 (95 % CI 15.61–65.06) and LR- was −0.42 (95 % CI 0.32–0.56)). Subgroup analysis showed POCUS had 94.1 % (95 % CI 91.4 %–95.9 %) sensitivity and 89.8 % (95 % CI 77.6 %–95.7 %) specificity, while RADUS had 83.2 % (95 % CI 68.3 %–91.9 %) sensitivity and 88.7 % (95 % CI 76.1 %–95.1 %) specificity for detecting acute diverticulitis. Ultrasound had high accuracy for diagnosing acute diverticulitis with greater sensitivity when performed by emergency physicians and surgeons at the bedside. For complicated diverticulitis, the overall sensitivity was lower, while the specificity was higher.

Survival outcomes for patients with osteosarcoma (OS) have remained stagnant over the past three decades. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is over-expressed in a number of malignancies, and anti-IGF1R antibodies have and are currently being studied in clinical trials. Understanding the molecular aberrations which result in increased tumor response to anti-IGF1R therapy could allow for the selection of patients most likely to benefit from IGF1R targeted therapy. IGF1R mRNA expression was assessed by RT PCR in OS patient primary tumors, cell lines, and xenograft tumors. IGF1R copy number was assessed by 3 approaches: PCR, FISH, and dot blot analysis. Exons 1-20 of IGF1R were sequenced in xenograft tumors and 87 primary OS tumors, and surface expression of IGF1R was assessed by flow cytometry. Levels of mRNA and protein expression, copy number, and mutation status were compared with tumor response to anti-IGF1R antibody therapy in 4 OS xenograft models. IGF1R mRNA is expressed in OS. Primary patient samples and xenograft samples had higher mRNA expression and copy number compared with corresponding cell lines. IGF1R mRNA expression, cell surface expression, copy number, and mutation status were not associated with tumor responsiveness to anti-IGF1R antibody therapy. IGF1R is expressed in OS, however, no clear molecular markers predict response to IGF1R antibody-mediated therapy. Additional pre-clinical studies assessing potential predictive biomarkers and investigating targetable molecular pathways critical to the proliferation of OS cells are needed.

Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) (i.e., chronic PHTN) have right ventricular hypertrophy, elevated right-sided heart pressures, and frequently have pericardial effusions. When evaluating these patients for cardiac tamponade, the hypertrophy and elevated pressure in right heart may be protective from tamponade by counteracting the pressure from the pericardial effusion. However, these patients may be harmed if echocardiographic signs of tamponade (e.g., right ventricular diastolic collapse) are obscured. The effect of PHTN on patients with cardiac tamponade remains unclear. We aimed (1) to evaluate whether PHTN influences the echocardiographic findings of tamponade, and (2) to examine whether PHTN is associated with in-hospital mortality among patients undergoing pericardial drainage primarily for cardiac tamponade. We conducted a retrospective observational study of adult patients who underwent pericardial drainage within 48 h of emergency department presentation at two academic centers. PHTN probability was classified using the 2022 European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society (ESC/ERS) guidelines. We classified patients in four categories: no PHTN, low probability, intermediate probability, and high probability of PHTN. PHTN parameters were manually extracted from cardiologist-interpreted echocardiography reports. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included the prevalence of echocardiographic findings of cardiac tamponade and their associations with mortality. A total of 249 patients met the inclusion criteria. In-hospital mortality did not significantly differ across PHTN probability categories: no PHTN (63.8%), low probability (9.3%), intermediate probability (20.9%), and high probability (5.3%) (p-values all >0.2). Among patients who died, 50.0% were in the no PHTN group compared to 7.1% in the high probability group (p = 0.222). The echocardiographic impression of cardiac tamponade was significantly lower among patients with high PHTN probability compared to those with no PHTN (64.3% vs. 85.4%, p = 0.041), with a weak negative correlation (r = −0.493) between increasing PHTN probability and tamponade impression. In this cohort of patients undergoing pericardial drainage primarily for cardiac tamponade, PHTN was not significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. However, patients with a high probability of PHTN showed fewer echocardiographic signs of tamponade, suggesting that PHTN may obscure typical sonographic findings of tamponade. •PHTN conferred no significant effect on in-hospital mortality.•Patients with a high probability of PHTN less frequently demonstrated echocardiographic findings of cardiac tamponade.•These findings suggest that PHTN may alter the echocardiographic presentation of cardiac tamponade without necessarily affecting short-term outcomes.

We present a robust, automatic high-throughput workflow for the calculation of magnetic ground state of solid-state inorganic crystals, whether ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic, and their associated magnetic moments within the framework of collinear spin-polarized Density Functional Theory. This is done through a computationally efficient scheme whereby plausible magnetic orderings are first enumerated and prioritized based on symmetry, and then relaxed and their energies determined through conventional DFT + U calculations. This automated workflow is formalized using the atomate code for reliable, systematic use at a scale appropriate for thousands of materials and is fully customizable. The performance of the workflow is evaluated against a benchmark of 64 experimentally known mostly ionic magnetic materials of non-trivial magnetic order and by the calculation of over 500 distinct magnetic orderings. A non-ferromagnetic ground state is correctly predicted in 95% of the benchmark materials, with the experimentally determined ground state ordering found exactly in over 60% of cases. Knowledge of the ground state magnetic order at scale opens up the possibility of high-throughput screening studies based on magnetic properties, thereby accelerating discovery and understanding of new functional materials.