Explore the vast range of titles available.

Introduction to winter fun.

Nonlinearity of dynamic systems plays a key role in neuromorphic computing, which is expected to reduce the ever-increasing power consumption of machine learning and artificial intelligence applications. For spin waves (magnons), nonlinearity combined with phase coherence is the basis of phenomena like Bose–Einstein condensation, frequency combs, and pattern recognition in neuromorphic computing. Yet, the broadband electrical detection of these phenomena with high-frequency resolution remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate the generation and detection of phase-coherent nonlinear magnons in an all-electrical GHz probe station based on coplanar waveguides connected to a vector network analyzer which we operate in a frequency-offset mode. Making use of an unprecedented frequency resolution, we resolve the nonlocal emergence of a fine structure of propagating nonlinear magnons, which sensitively depends on both power and a magnetic field. These magnons are shown to maintain coherency with the microwave source while propagating over macroscopic distances. We propose a multi-band four-magnon scattering scheme that is in agreement with the field-dependent characteristics of coherent nonlocal signals in the nonlinear excitation regime. Our findings are key to enable the seamless integration of nonlinear magnon processes into high-speed microwave electronics and to advance phase-encoded information processing in magnonic neuronal networks. The authors realize the generation and electrical detection of nonlinear magnons in a ferrimagnetic insulator, giving rise to secondary nonlinear magnons with fine frequency structures on the order of a few MHz and specific propagation characteristics.

\"Learn about Japanese animals, foods, culture, and more to see what makes this Asian country unique. Full-color photographs bring Japan to life before your eyes\"-- Provided by publisher.

BackgroundMany epidemiologic studies support an association between gout and increased premature mortality. However, there has been no study on mortality and cause of death in Korean patients with gout with large scale data. Therefore, we intended to investigate the risk of death, the change of mortality rate over time, and main cause of death in Korean patient with gout with the national insurance database.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to assess the mortality rate, trends of mortality rate over time, and cause of death of gout patients in Korea.MethodsUsing Korean National Health Insurance Service data, we conducted a cohort study on gout patients. Gout patients were defined as those aged ≥ 20 years who were diagnosed as gout between 2002 and 2014, and control patients were matched with gout patients (1:1 ratio) after frequency matching for age, sex and index year. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality and observation period was between 2007 and 2015. Covariates were age, sex and comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, chronic renal failure, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and cancer). We calculated standardized mortality rate (SMR), and hazard ratio (HR) in Cox regression, adjusting potential confounders.ResultsThis study included 18,406 gout patients and an equal number of matched controls. Baseline characteristics of gout and control patients are displayed in Table 1. Total 1,926 deaths occurred, and SMR of gout patients showed increasing tendency from 2007 to 2015 (Figure 1). The most common cause of death in Korean gout patients was chronic renal failure. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that gout patients showed increased risks of all-cause mortality (HR 1.182, 95% CI 1.098-1.274) after adjusting age, sex, and comorbidities.ConclusionGout patients were associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality. The mortality rate of gout patients showed increasing tendency between 2007 and 2015, and most common cause of death was chronic renal failure.References[1]Weisman A, Tomlinson GA, Lipscombe LL, Perkins BA, Hawker GA. Association between allopurinol and cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in diabetes: A retrospective, population-based cohort study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019;21(6):1322-9.[2]Cohen SD, Kimmel PL, Neff R, Agodoa L, Abbott KC. Association of incident gout and mortality in dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19(11):2204-10.[3]Vargas-Santos AB, Neogi T, da Rocha Castelar-Pinheiro G, Kapetanovic MC, Turkiewicz A. Cause-Specific Mortality in Gout: Novel Findings of Elevated Risk of Non-Cardiovascular-Related Deaths. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(11):1935-42.[4]Kiadaliri A, Moreno-Betancur M, Turkiewicz A, Englund M. Educational inequalities in all-cause and cause-specific mortality among people with gout: a register-based matched cohort study in southern Sweden. Int J Equity Health. 2019;18(1):164.[5]Kuo CF, Luo SF. Gout: Risk of premature death in gout unchanged for years. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13(4):200-1.[6]Keller SF, Rai SK, Lu N, Oza A, Jorge AM, Zhang Y, et al. Statin use and mortality in gout: A general population-based cohort study. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2018;48(3):449-55.[7]Fisher MC, Rai SK, Lu N, Zhang Y, Choi HK. The unclosing premature mortality gap in gout: a general population-based study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(7):1289-94.[8]Yen FS, Hsu CC, Li HL, Wei JC, Hwu CM. Urate-lowering therapy may mitigate the risks of hospitalized stroke and mortality in patients with gout. PLoS One. 2020;15(6):e0234909.Figure 1.Standardized mortality rate of gout patients between 2007 and 2015Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.

\"Let's visit Russia and learn what makes it special. What foods do people eat there? What animals can live in the tundra? Explore the answers to these questions and more\"-- Provided by publisher.

Purpose - The objective of this paper is to illustrate and examine the different flexibility strategies adopted by supply chain participants as a result of different environmental uncertainties.Design methodology approach - An exploratory multi-case study, involving five Chinese companies in the textile and apparel industry, was conducted.Findings - The analysis, based on the supply chain literature, reveals that the unpredictable dynamics of the supply chain can arise from a variety of internal and external sources, including suppliers, operating systems, customers, and competitors. In response to the various environmental uncertainties and risks in the supply chain, four types of flexibility strategy are identified in our case analysis: laggard, conservative, agile, and aggressive. The results also suggest that the adoption of flexibility strategies should match a firm's business environment and that better supply chain responsiveness can be achieved in two ways: by reducing uncertainties and by improving supply chain flexibility.Research limitations implications - The key limitation of the study is that it focuses solely on the textiles and clothing industry, which makes it difficult to generalize the results to other industries. Another difficulty arises from the subjective criteria employed in some constructs, such as the perceived aggressiveness of competition, the predictability of customer demand, and the designations of companies in the proposed strategy categories.Practical implications - The proposed theoretical framework can assist managers in properly diagnosing and deploying supply chain flexibility strategies. The actions identified for promoting supply chain flexibility can also be used to assess the various options for exploiting or acquiring flexibility strategies.Originality value - Expanding on the previous research approach of examining flexibility strategies from the perspective of a single firm, this study draws on the multi-case approach to posit a series of propositions that link the adoption of specific supply chain flexibility strategies to various environmental conditions in a supply chain context and proposes a conceptual framework to illustrate how supply chain responsiveness can be improved in today's volatile market environment.

\"Take a trip to tropical Cuba and learn about the history and culture of this Caribbean country. Full-color photographs and carefully leveled text bring Cuba to life\"-- Provided by publisher.

\"Carefully leveled text and fresh, vibrant photos engage young readers in learning about spring, a season of colorful changes and new growth. Age-appropriate critical thinking questions and a photo glossary help build nonfiction learning skills.\"-- Provided by publisher.

Various diets and food components have been implicated as one of the environmental factors associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients are often recommended nutritional guidelines to manage disease symptoms. However, the current food consumption pattern of US adults with IBD that are nationally representative is unclear. A secondary analysis of National Health Interview Survey 2015 was performed to characterize the estimated US adults with IBD and their food intake and consumption frequency using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Fries were consumed by a greater number of people with IBD. IBD population drank less 100% fruit juice and ate more cheese and cookies than non-IBD population. Intake of fries (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.14-2.25) and sports and energy drinks (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.07-1.97) and more frequent drinking of regular soda were significantly associated with the likelihood of having been told one have IBD, while popcorn (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.548-0.971) and milk (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.497-0.998) were associated with smaller odds, adjusting for covariates. Foods typically labeled as junk food were positively associated with IBD. Nonetheless, of the assessed 26 foods, we found eating patterns between IBD and non-IBD population to be mostly analogous. It is unclear whether the results reflect potential change in food intake in IBD population long before the survey interview. Understanding the role of food intake in IBD risk/prevalence would benefit from identifying other environmental factors (i.e. food desert), food processing (i.e. frying), and potential bioactive food components that can induce intestinal inflammation that can increase the individual's susceptibility to IBD.