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The neo-conservative Catholic movement, led by prominent figures like Richard John Neuhaus and Michael Novak, played a significant role in shaping Jewish–Christian relations in the United States following the Second Vatican Council. This article analyzes their theological understanding of Jews and Judaism, which combined an adoption of the Council’s conciliatory rhetoric with a relatively narrow interpretation of its teachings. By examining their views on key concepts such as “fulfillment”, salvation, and mission, the article highlights the complexities and tensions within the neo-conservative Catholic approach to interfaith dialogue and its relation to their broader goal of promoting religion in the American public sphere.

Inhibitory control (IC) deficits have been proposed as a potential risk factor for depression. However, little is known about the intra-individual daily fluctuations in IC, and its relationship to mood and depressive symptoms. Here, we examined the everyday association between IC and mood, in typical adults with various levels of depressive symptoms. Participants (N = 106) reported their depressive symptoms and completed a Go-NoGo (GNG) task measuring IC at baseline. Then, they completed a 5-day ecological-momentary-assessment (EMA) protocol, in which they reported their current mood and performed a shortened GNG task twice/day using a mobile app. Depressive symptoms were measured again following the EMA. Hierarchical-linear-modeling (HLM) was applied to examine the association between momentary IC and mood, with post-EMA depressive symptoms as a moderator. Individuals with elevated depressive symptoms demonstrated worse and more variable IC performance over the EMA. In addition, post-EMA depressive symptoms moderated the association between momentary IC and daily mood, such that reduced IC was associated with more negative mood only for those with lower, but not higher, symptoms. Future investigations should examine the validity of these outcomes in clinical samples, including patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Variable, rather than mere reduced, IC, is related to depressive symptoms. Moreover, the role of IC in modulating mood may differ in non-depressed individuals and individuals with sub-clinical depression. These findings contribute to our understanding of IC and mood in real life and help account for some of the discrepant findings related to cognitive control models of depression. •Depressive symptoms were associated with worse and more variable inhibitory-control.•Depressive symptoms moderated the link between momentary inhibitory-control and mood.•For minimal depression symptoms, better inhibitory control predicted worse mood.

Irradiation‐induced alopecia and dermatitis (IRIAD) are two of the most visually recognized complications of radiotherapy, of which the molecular and cellular basis remains largely unclear. By combining scRNA‐seq analysis of whole skin‐derived irradiated cells with genetic ablation and molecular inhibition studies, we show that senescence‐associated IL‐6 and IL‐1 signaling, together with IL‐17 upregulation and CCR6 + ‐mediated immune cell migration, are crucial drivers of IRIAD. Bioinformatics analysis colocalized irradiation‐induced IL‐6 signaling with senescence pathway upregulation largely within epidermal hair follicles, basal keratinocytes, and dermal fibroblasts. Loss of cytokine signaling by genetic ablation in IL‐6 −/− or IL‐1R −/− mice, or by molecular blockade, strongly ameliorated IRIAD, as did deficiency of CCL20/CCR6‐mediated immune cell migration in CCR6 −/− mice. Moreover, IL‐6 deficiency strongly reduced IL‐17, IL‐22, CCL20, and CCR6 upregulation, whereas CCR6 deficiency reciprocally diminished IL‐6, IL‐17, CCL3, and MHC upregulation, suggesting that proximity‐dependent cellular cross talk promotes IRIAD. Therapeutically, topical application of Janus kinase blockers or inhibition of T‐cell activation by cyclosporine effectively reduced IRIAD, suggesting the potential of targeted approaches for the treatment of dermal side effects in radiotherapy patients. Synopsis Irradiation‐induced alopecia and dermatitis (IRIAD) represent two of the most prominent side effects of radiotherapy in the skin. This study utilized scRNA‐seq analysis to identify driving factors of IRIAD in order to facilitate development of targeted therapeutic approaches for its prevention. IRIAD in mice is strongly associated with upregulation of senescence pathways involving IL‐6 and IL‐1 signaling, together with IL‐17 signaling. Loss of IL‐6 and IL‐1 signaling, or of CCL20/CCR6‐mediated immune cell migration strongly ameliorated IRIAD, while simultaneously reducing irradiation‐induced cellular senescence. IL‐6‐deficiency strongly reduced IL‐17, CCL20, and CCR6 upregulation, while loss of CCR6‐mediated immune cell migration reciprocally diminished IL‐6 and IL‐17 upregulation, and loss of immune privilege. IRIAD is effectively ameliorated by treatment with Janus kinases blockers or cyclosporine A. Graphical Abstract Irradiation‐induced alopecia and dermatitis (IRIAD) represent two of the most prominent side effects of radiotherapy in the skin. In this study, Paldor et al applied scRNA‐seq analysis to identify driving factors of IRIAD in order to facilitate the development of targeted therapeutic approaches for its prevention.

Deep-sea anoxic brine pools are unique and extreme, yet habitable environments. However, their extent and processes of formation are not fully understood. Using geophysical analysis and seafloor surveying, we discovered the eastmost brine pools known in the ultraoligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea, at the Palmahim Disturbance offshore Israel (~1150 m water depth). These brine pools are located directly above a ~1km wide piece of the Messinian evaporites section, which was up thrusted to ~350 m below the seafloor. We sampled brines and short cores to characterize the chemical composition of several small (up to 5m diameter) anoxic, methanic and warm (21.6°C) brine pools and adjacent seafloor sediments porewater. The maximal salinities measured at the pools and adjacent porewater were 63.9 and 72 PSU, respectively. The brines are characterized by enriched Na and Cl concentrations by a factor of ~1.8 and depleted Mg, SO 4 , K and Ca contents by factors of circa 6, 3, 2 and ~1.3, respectively, compared to the ambient seawater. Relations of the major element concentrations reveal a mixing curve between seawater and enriched Na/Cl and depleted Mg/Cl, K/Cl and SO 4 /Cl end-members, and do not coincide with relics of fossil residual evaporated seawater. We propose their composition reflects: 1) dissolution of Messinian halite (NaCl) by seawater, supported by their low Br/Cl ratios; 2) additional small rise in Na/Cl ratios due to the impact of clay mineral dehydration or/and dissolution of trace (~1% of the Na) amounts of detrital trona (Na 3 H(CO 3 ) 2 •2H 2 0), coinciding with the enriched alkalinity concentrations; 3) diagenesis processes depleting Mg, K and SO 4 , mainly by the formation of authigenic K-rich Mg-smectite, clay mineral dehydration, dolomitization/Mg-calcite precipitation and redox processes. The δ 18 O and δD values of the Palmahim brine may reflect the impact of clay mineral dehydration. Comparison to all other East Mediterranean brine lakes shows that the Palmahim brine pool system represents similar provenance of brines as observed for the Eastern Mediterranean Napoli, Nadir and Tyro lakes, while potentially recording additional processes attributed to its proximity to the coastal area.

We address lot scheduling on m identical parallel machines, wherein lots contain one or several orders, potentially of different sizes, such that if the remaining portion of the lot is less than the size of the order, the order is split between lots. We consider two splitting models: consecutive splitting, in which the split order is assigned to several consecutive lots on the same machine; and parallel splitting, in which the order is split between the machines. Whereas the completion time of a non-split order is the makespan of the lot in which it is processed, we aim to minimize both the makespan and the total completion time for split orders. For the consecutive splitting model, we prove for m≥2 that both objective functions can be solved in pseudo-polynomial time by introducing dynamic programming algorithm solutions. Additionally, for the makespan objective function, we provide a linear-time approximation algorithm in which the constant worst-case performance ratio is 2. For the parallel splitting model, we show for m≥2 that the objective functions for both the makespan and the total completion time can be solved in polynomial time. Finally, we provide empirical results that support the efficiency of our dynamic programming solutions and approximation heuristic in practical scenarios. We demonstrate that these solutions run in microseconds for consecutive splitting and, even when faster performance is required, the values obtained from the approximation algorithm differ from the optimal solution by 2% at most.

The study aimed to explore patients’ experiences and perceptions throughout the various stages of endoscopic procedures and examine the association between patient-centered communication and the patient’s experience. A total of 191 patients responded to pre- and post-procedure surveys that inquired about fear and pain, patients’ satisfaction regarding the information provided to them, perceptions and experience. Pain was associated with post-procedure fear (r = 0.63, p < 0.01) and negatively associated with reported patient experience at the end of the visit (r = −0.17, p < 0.01). Significant positive associations were found between patient experience and satisfaction from the information provided before (r = 0.47, p < 0.01) and the information provided after the procedure (r = 0.51, p < 0.001). A predictive model found that perceptions toward the physicians, satisfaction from information provided before discharge, and feelings of trust are predictors of the patient experience (F = 44.9, R2 = 0.61, p < 0.001). Patients’ satisfaction with information provided before and after the procedure can positively affect the patients’ experience, leading to a decrease in fear and anxiety and increasing compliance with medical recommendations. Strategies for PCC with endoscopic patients should be developed and designed in a participatory manner, taking into account the various aspects associated with the patient experience.

PurposeBoys’ lower-body muscle power generation (PO) recovers faster than men’s following intensive exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine whether boys differ from adult men in recovering from upper-body muscle power generation following intensive exercise.MethodsFifteen prepubertal boys (M ± SD age 10.6 ± 1.0 years) and 13 men (31.1 ± 5.0 years) performed two upper-body Wingate Anaerobic Tests (WAnT), separated by either 2-min or 10-min recovery intervals. WAnT parameters, pre-and post-WAnT heart rates (HR), and blood lactate ([La]) were measured during recovery from the WAnTs.ResultsBoys’ mean power (MP) of the repeated WAnT (WAnT2) following 2- and 10-min recoveries was 97.3 ± 7.2% and 99.4 ± 3.9%, respectively, compared to MP of the first test (WAnT1) (p > 0.05 for both tests). In contrast, in men’s MP of the WAnT2 following the 2-min recovery, was significantly lower than that of the WAnT1 (84.4 ± 6.7%, p = 0.0001). While boys’ and men’s HR recovery after 2 min differed significantly (p = 0.046), no between-group differences were found following the 10-min recovery. Peak [La] in boys was 37–44% lower than that in men (p = 0.002).ConclusionsThe faster recovery of PO in boys after supra-maximal upper-body exercise is partially explained by the lower power generated by boys, attributed in part to a lower anaerobic capacity and to the greater relative contribution of aerobic processes to performance and recovery from anaerobic-type tasks. Further research is needed to determine the physiologic, neurologic and biochemical basis of the rapid muscle power recovery in children.

Most cycling studies involve professional cyclists. Because training may affect riding style, it is of interest to determine the physiological basis for the personal choice of cycling cadence in nonprofessional cyclists. Methods: Eleven nonprofessional (5.2±1.7-year-riding experience) male road cyclists, aged 35.0±11.0 years, underwent four separate laboratory test sessions. The first two sessions included habituation, anthropometry, V˙O2max,$\\dot V{{\\text{O}}_{\\text{2}}}{\\text{max}},$ and lactate threshold (LaTH) measurements. Freely preferred cadence at LaTH was determined during the second session (mean±SD=94.7±2.9 rev·min[−1]). During the third and fourth sessions participants performed LaTH tests at 60 and 95 rev·min[−1] in a randomized order, with power output (PO) increments of 25 W every 4 min, up to ~90% of V˙O2max.$\\dot V{{\\text{O}}_{\\text{2}}}{\\text{max}}{\\text{.}}$ Results: V˙O2,$\\dot V{{\\text{O}}_{\\text{2}}},$ expired ventilation (V˙E),$({\\dot V_E}),$ blood lactate (La), and calculated net mechanical efficiency (MEnet) rose with increased PO. At 95 rev·min[−1], V˙O2, V˙E,$\\dot V{{\\text{O}}_2},{\\text{ }}{\\dot V_{\\text{E}}},$ and La were significantly higher than at 60 rev·min[−1] at all POs. MEnet at 95 rev·min[−1] was lower than at 60 rev·min[−1]. Mean PO attained at LaTh did not differ significantly between 60 and 95 rev·min[−1] (220.9±29.0 and 214.5±9.2 W, respectively). La values at LaTH were higher at 95 rev·min[−1] than at 60 rev·min[−1] (3.01±0.17 vs. 2.10±0.13 mM, p<0.05, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that mechanical and physiological efficiencies may not determine the choice of cycling cadence by nonprofessional cyclists. This choice may reflect the need to maintain endurance at the expense of riding at a lower than optimal riding efficiency.