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"Moretti, Franco"
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Far country : scenes from American culture
\"Moretti's thoughts on teaching literature in American universities, with excursions not just on novels and plays but also film, painting, and intellectual life in general\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
HIV-1 Tropism Dynamics and Phylogenetic Analysis from Longitudinal Ultra-Deep Sequencing Data of CCR5- and CXCR4-Using Variants
Coreceptor switch from CCR5 to CXCR4 is associated with HIV disease progression. The molecular and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the CCR5 to CXCR4 switch are the focus of intense recent research. We studied the HIV-1 tropism dynamics in relation to coreceptor usage, the nature of quasispecies from ultra deep sequencing (UDPS) data and their phylogenetic relationships.
Here, we characterized C2-V3-C3 sequences of HIV obtained from 19 patients followed up for 54 to 114 months using UDPS, with further genotyping and phylogenetic analysis for coreceptor usage. HIV quasispecies diversity and variability as well as HIV plasma viral load were measured longitudinally and their relationship with the HIV coreceptor usage was analyzed. The longitudinal UDPS data were submitted to phylogenetic analysis and sampling times and coreceptor usage were mapped onto the trees obtained.
Although a temporal viral genetic structuring was evident, the persistence of several viral lineages evolving independently along the infection was statistically supported, indicating a complex scenario for the evolution of viral quasispecies. HIV X4-using variants were present in most of our patients, exhibiting a dissimilar inter- and intra-patient predominance as the component of quasispecies even on antiretroviral therapy. The viral populations from some of the patients studied displayed evidences of the evolution of X4 variants through fitness valleys, whereas for other patients the data favored a gradual mode of emergence.
CXCR4 usage can emerge independently, in multiple lineages, along the course of HIV infection. The mode of emergence, i.e. gradual or through fitness valleys seems to depend on both virus and patient factors. Furthermore, our analyses suggest that, besides becoming dominant after population-level switches, minor proportions of X4 viruses might exist along the infection, perhaps even at early stages of it. The fate of these minor variants might depend on both viral and host factors.
Journal Article
Franco Moretti
First of all, thanks to wai chee dimock, the editor of PMLA , and to all contributors for having put this feature together. Devoting time and energy to someone else's work is a very generous thing to do, and I'm grateful to all of you for your attention. Really. Since Dimock made clear from the start that the discussion would be “on Distant Reading the book,” I will not address Johanna Drucker's and Catherine Nicholson's essays, which, though very interesting, concern methodological and historical issues rather than the book itself. Otherwise, my reply will proceed as follows: a prologue on my relationship to distance; some retrospective thoughts on Distant Reading ; a few responses on “facts,” interpretations, “reading,” and “readers”; some reflections on modeling; and a conclusion on what Lisa Marie Rhody calls the “dehumanizing” nature of “scientific discourse.”
Journal Article
Style, Inc. Reflections on Seven Thousand Titles (British Novels, 1740–1850)
Moretti describes a major metamorphosis of eighteenth-century titles and tries to explain its causes. He also suggests how a new type of title that emerged around 1800 may have changed what readers expected of British novels. Finally, he makes a little attempt at quantitative stylistics to examine some strategies by which titles point to specific genres.
Journal Article
Conjectures on World Literature
In 1827 Goethe said 'Nowadays, national literature doesn't mean much: the age of world literature is beginning', and this was echoed by Marx and Engels in 1848. This article offers a set of hypotheses for tracking the birth and fate of the novel in the peripheries of Europe, Latin America, Arab lands, Turkey, China, Japan, West Africa. The first hypothesis suggests a literary geography and morphology that corresponds to the inevitable inequalities of the market. (Quotes from original text)
Journal Article
Longitudinal HIV-1 gp120-C2V3C3 phylogenetic surveillance and tropism evolution in patients under HAART
This 8-year longitudinal study was aimed to analyze the HIV-1 gp120-C2V3C3 sequence dynamics, their phylogenetic relationships and tropism evolution in patients under HAART. Such viral analysis comprised two compartments: plasma and PBMC. Fifty gp120-C2V3C3 genomic sequences were characterized from 16 patients: 41 from plasma when viremia was measurable and 9 from PBMCs if plasma viral load was undetectable. The vast majority of HIV isolates (43 out of 50) were ascribed to BF subtype, irrespective of the compartment (plasma or mononuclear-cells) analyzed. A statistically well-supported clustering phenomenon was observed for each patient sampling data. Each cluster comprised viral sequences from both compartments analyzed. In the vast majority of cases, the viral sequences obtained along active production periods were intermingled with those identified from proviral sequences. A substantial stability of co-receptor tropism for the HIV BF subtype was observed over an 8-year followup.
Journal Article
More Conjectures
Reply to critics of \"Conjectures on World Literature\", NLR (1) Jan/Feb 2000, pp.54-68. Focuses on three areas of disagreement: the paradigmatic status of the novel; relations between centre and periphery in the sphere of the novel or poetry; and the nature of comparative literary analysis. (Quotes from original text)
Journal Article
Graphs, maps, trees: abstract models for literary history - 1
The first of three essays setting out to demonstrate the power of abstract models to revolutionise our understanding of literary history. The models are drawn from three disciplines with which literary criticism has had little or no contact - quantitative history, geography and evolutionary theory. The quantitative curves of novel production can indicate the interplay of markets, politics, sexes, generations, in the life and death of literary forms. (Quotes from original text)
Journal Article
History of the Novel, Theory of the Novel
My essay poses three questions: Why are novels in prose? Why are they so often stories of adventures? Why was there a European but not a Chinese rise of the novel in the course of the eighteenth century? Disparate as they may sound, the questions have a common source in the guiding idea of the collection
: \"to make the literary field longer, larger, and deeper\"-historically longer, geographically larger, and morphologically deeper than those few classics of nineteenth-century Western European \"realism\" that have dominated the recent theory of the novel (and my own work). What the questions have in common is that they all point to processes that loom large in the history of the novel but not in its theory. Here I reflect on this discrepancy and suggest a few possible alternatives.
Journal Article