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"Morgan, Jessica"
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The world goes pop
This groundbreaking book surveys the concurrent engagements with the spirit of Pop throughout the world, from the frequently studied activity in the United States, England, and France to less well-known developments in Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. One of the first publications to examine Pop art with this global scope, it explores the wide-ranging movements that developed in different continents, such as Nouveau Realisme, Neo Dada, New Figuration, Cronica de la Realidad, and Saqqakhaneh or Spiritual Pop. This unique presentation offers the opportunity to compare how Pop art around the world differed due to geography, local traditions, and different cultures' social and political underpinnings. Fascinating essays touch upon key themes that factored into various Pop movements, including feminism, political representation, sexual politics, and seriality. A bold design and 200 striking illustrations showcase pieces by more than 70 artists, many of whose works have never been exhibited outside their home nations. The book also features a combined interview with a number of the living artists featured within, giving important insight into the thoughts and processes of Pop's international practitioners.
Book
Application of environmental DNA to detect an endangered marine skate species in the wild
Environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques have only recently been applied in the marine environment to detect the presence of marine species. Species-specific primers and probes were designed to detect the eDNA of the endangered Maugean skate (Zearaja maugeana) from as little as 1 L of water collected at depth (10-15 m) in Macquarie Harbour (MH), Tasmania. The identity of the eDNA was confirmed as Z. maugeana by sequencing the qPCR products and aligning these with the target sequence for a 100% match. This result has validated the use of this eDNA technique for detecting a rare species, Z. maugeana, in the wild. Being able to investigate the presence, and possibly the abundance, of Z. maugeana in MH and Bathurst harbour (BH), would be addressing a conservation imperative for the endangered Z. maugeana. For future application of this technique in the field, the rate of decay was determined for Z. maugeana eDNA under ambient dissolved oxygen (DO) levels (55% saturation) and lower DO (20% saturation) levels, revealing that the eDNA can be detected for 4 and 16 hours respectively, after which eDNA concentration drops below the detection threshold of the assay. With the rate of decay being influenced by starting eDNA concentrations, it is recommended that samples be filtered as soon as possible after collection to minimize further loss of eDNA prior to and during sample processing.
Journal Article
Parafoveal cone function in choroideremia assessed with adaptive optics optoretinography
Choroideremia (CHM) is an X-linked retinal degeneration leading to loss of the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choroid. Adaptive optics optoretinography is an emerging technique for noninvasive, objective assessment of photoreceptor function. Here, we investigate parafoveal cone function in CHM using adaptive optics optoretinography and compare with cone structure and clinical assessments of vision. Parafoveal cone mosaics of 10 CHM and four normal-sighted participants were imaged with an adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope. While acquiring video sequences, a 2 s 550Δ10 nm, 450 nW/deg
2
stimulus was presented. Videos were registered and the intensity of each cone in each frame was extracted, normalized, standardized, and aggregated to generate the population optoretinogram (ORG) over time. A gamma-pdf was fit to the ORG and the peak was extracted as ORG amplitude. CHM ORG amplitudes were compared to normal and were correlated with bound cone density, ellipsoid zone to RPE/Bruch’s membrane (EZ-to-RPE/BrM) distance, and foveal sensitivity using Pearson correlation analysis. ORG amplitude was significantly reduced in CHM compared to normal (0.22 ± 0.15 vs. 1.34 ± 0.31). In addition, CHM ORG amplitude was positively correlated with cone density, EZ-to-RPE/BrM distance, and foveal sensitivity. Our results demonstrate promise for using ORG as a biomarker of photoreceptor function.
Journal Article
Eastern Europe
Lonely Planet's Eastern Europe is your passport to the most relevant, up-to-date advice on what to see and skip, and what hidden discoveries await you. Hop from thermal baths to coffee houses to 'ruin bars' in Budapest, glide from island to island in Croatia and meander through 14th-century alleyways in Prague - all with your trusted travel companion. Get to the heart of Eastern Europe and begin your journey now!
Book
Morphology of the normative human cone photoreceptor mosaic and a publicly available adaptive optics montage repository
Adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy has enabled visualization of the in vivo human photoreceptor mosaic in health, disease and its treatment. Despite this, the clinical utility of the imaging technology has been limited by a lack of automated analysis techniques capable of accurately quantifying photoreceptor structure and a lack of an available normative image database. Here, we present a fully automated algorithm for estimating cone spacing and density over a complete adaptive optics montage along with a database of normative images and cone densities. We imaged the cone mosaics surrounding the fovea and along the horizontal and vertical meridians of fifty normal-sighted controls with a custom-built, multimodal adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope. Cone spacing was automatically measured in the frequency domain and spacing measurements were converted to estimates of cone density at all locations across the montage. Consistent with previous reports, cone density measurements were highest near fovea (152,906 ± 53,209 cones/mm
2
) and decreased exponentially with eccentricity. A 2.5-fold variation was found in cone density estimates at 0.1 mm, this variation decreased to 1.75-fold at 1 mm. We provide all images, mosaic quantifications, and automated software open source. This database will aid investigators in translating adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy to clinical applications.
Journal Article
Comparison of the Legal Infrastructure Governing Psychiatric Practice and Its Implementation in Tanzania and the UK
AimsTo examine the legal framework governing psychiatric practice, specifically focusing on the Mental Health Act, within a singular psychiatric centre in Moshi, Tanzania. The primary objective was to explore the intersection of culture and legalities in shaping ethical practice within this emerging unit. Drawing on a comparative analysis of contents and the implementation of the MHA in Tanzania and in the UK, the study aims to understand the ways in which cultural contexts influence the legal and ethical dimensions of psychiatric care.MethodsThis was a multi-method study that combined literature analysis, structured interviewing, and structured reflective practice.1. Direct comparison of the UK and Tanzanian MHA.2. Evaluation of clinician understanding of the MHA through structured interviewing of clinicians with respect to their knowledge of the MHA, its existence, and its key components.3. Analysis of implementation of the MHA in liaison psychiatry in both centers. Compared through unstructured interviewing and reflective practice.Results1. The most striking difference is the length of the documents. The Tanzanian MHA is 27 pages while the UK MHA is 173. This additional length covers: Admission and Discharge Procedures, explanation of the Roles and Powers of Professionals, and further discussion on Safeguards and Rights of Individuals.2. When interviewed, only 15% of Tanzanian physicians could explain what the MHA is, compared with 100% of UK physicians (N = 40).3. In the UK, all doctors use the MHA and implement DOLS. In Tanzania, this falls under the role of liaison psychiatrists. This is likely because, the MHA is included in the UK's medical curricula but not in Tanzania's.ConclusionLack of understanding of the MHA and other key laws in psychiatry is a global issue, not limited to the UK or Tanzania. However, physicians with strong understanding are more scarce in Tanzania. This scarcity puts additional pressures on psychiatric services, as psychiatrists are called to assess issues of capacity or consent that could be assessed by any doctors in the UK. However, this means that the MHA and MCA are almost solely used by psychiatrists and therefore often assessed to a very high standard. It must be considered that on reflection, I have also observed physicians with limited understanding of the MHA, capacity and consent within the NHS. Imposing a higher standard on another culture would be unethical. Efforts into educating medical students and professionals is required in the UK and Tanzania.
Journal Article
Persistent horizontal and vertical, MR-induced nystagmus in resting state Human Connectome Project data
Strong magnetic fields from magnetic resonance (MR) scanners induce a Lorentz force that contributes to vertigo and persistent nystagmus. Prior studies have reported a predominantly horizontal direction for healthy subjects in a 7 Tesla (T) MR scanner, with slow phase velocity (SPV) dependent on head orientation. Less is known about vestibular signal behavior for subjects in a weaker, 3T magnetic field, the standard strength used in the Human Connectome Project (HCP). The purpose of this study is to characterize the form and magnitude of nystagmus induced at 3T.
Forty-two subjects were studied after being introduced head-first, supine into a Siemens Prisma 3T scanner. Eye movements were recorded in four separate acquisitions over 20 min. A biometric eye model was fitted to the recordings to derive rotational eye position and then SPV. An anatomical template of the semi-circular canals was fitted to the T2 anatomical image from each subject, and used to derive the angle of the B0 magnetic field with respect to the vestibular apparatus.
Recordings from 37 subjects yielded valid measures of eye movements. The population-mean SPV ± SD for the horizontal component was -1.38 ± 1.27 deg/sec, and vertical component was -0.93 ± 1.44 deg/sec, corresponding to drift movement in the rightward and downward direction. Although there was substantial inter-subject variability, persistent nystagmus was present in half of subjects with no significant adaptation over the 20 min scanning period. The amplitude of vertical drift was correlated with the roll angle of the vestibular system, with a non-zero vertical SPV present at a 0 degree roll.
Non-habituating vestibular signals of varying amplitude are present in resting state data collected at 3T.
Journal Article
Age-dependent effects of RPE65 gene therapy for Leber's congenital amaurosis: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial
Gene therapy has the potential to reverse disease or prevent further deterioration of vision in patients with incurable inherited retinal degeneration. We therefore did a phase 1 trial to assess the effect of gene therapy on retinal and visual function in children and adults with Leber's congenital amaurosis.
We assessed the retinal and visual function in 12 patients (aged 8–44 years) with
RPE65-associated Leber's congenital amaurosis given one subretinal injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) containing a gene encoding a protein needed for the isomerohydrolase activity of the retinal pigment epithelium (AAV2-hRPE65v2) in the worst eye at low (1·5×10
10 vector genomes), medium (4·8×10
10 vector genomes), or high dose (1·5×10
11 vector genomes) for up to 2 years.
AAV2-hRPE65v2 was well tolerated and all patients showed sustained improvement in subjective and objective measurements of vision (ie, dark adaptometry, pupillometry, electroretinography, nystagmus, and ambulatory behaviour). Patients had at least a 2 log unit increase in pupillary light responses, and an 8-year-old child had nearly the same level of light sensitivity as that in age-matched normal-sighted individuals. The greatest improvement was noted in children, all of whom gained ambulatory vision. The study is registered with
ClinicalTrials.gov, number
NCT00516477.
The safety, extent, and stability of improvement in vision in all patients support the use of AAV-mediated gene therapy for treatment of inherited retinal diseases, with early intervention resulting in the best potential gain.
Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Foundation Fighting Blindness, Telethon, Research to Prevent Blindness, F M Kirby Foundation, Mackall Foundation Trust, Regione Campania Convenzione, European Union, Associazione Italiana Amaurosi Congenita di Leber, Fund for Scientific Research, Fund for Research in Ophthalmology, and National Center for Research Resources.
Journal Article