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"Mori"
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Cathode materials for lithium-sulfur battery: a review
Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for becoming the post-lithium-ion battery technology, which would require a high level of energy density across a variety of applications. An increasing amount of research has been conducted on LSBs over the past decade to develop fundamental understanding, modelling, and application-based control. In this study, the advantages and disadvantages of LSB technology are discussed from a fundamental perspective. Then, the focus shifts to intermediate lithium polysulfide adsorption capacity and the challenges involved in improving LSBs by using alternative materials besides carbon for cathode construction. Attempted alternative materials include metal oxides, metal carbides, metal nitrides, MXenes, graphene, quantum dots, and metal organic frameworks. One critical issue is that polar material should be more favorable than non-polar carbonaceous materials in the aspect of intermediate lithium polysulfide species adsorption and suppress shuttle effect. It will be also presented that by preparing cathode with suitable materials and morphological structure, high-performance LSB can be obtained.
Graphical abstract
Journal Article
Elemental
Elemental, based in Santiago, Chile, epitomizes a new generation of pioneering, socially engaged architects. The firm specializes in innovative, powerful, and humane public-interest projects, working on both large and small scales across Chile, the United States, Mexico, Switzerland, and China.0Featuring stunning images by renowned architectural photographers together with sketches and drawings from Aravena's personal notebooks, this book beautifully, often irreverently, displays Elemental's unique working methods and philosophy. Each project - from iconic structures like the Anacleto Angelini UC Innovation Centre to seaside residences and pioneering reconstruction plans - is accompanied by Aravena's engaging texts, bringing to life his understanding of civil society and the built environment.
Book
Excessive mechanical loading promotes osteoarthritis through the gremlin-1–NF-κB pathway
Exposure of articular cartilage to excessive mechanical loading is deeply involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Here, we identify gremlin-1 as a mechanical loading-inducible factor in chondrocytes, detected at high levels in middle and deep layers of cartilage after cyclic strain or hydrostatic pressure loading. Gremlin-1 activates nuclear factor-κB signalling, leading to subsequent induction of catabolic enzymes. In mice intra-articular administration of gremlin-1 antibody or chondrocyte-specific deletion of
Gremlin-1
decelerates osteoarthritis development, while intra-articular administration of recombinant gremlin-1 exacerbates this process. Furthermore, ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 activation induced by mechanical loading enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Amongst ROS-activating transcription factors, RelA/p65 induces
Gremlin-1
transcription, which antagonizes induction of anabolic genes such as
Sox9
,
Col2a1
, and
Acan
by bone morphogenetic proteins. Thus, gremlin-1 plays essential roles in cartilage degeneration by excessive mechanical loading.
Excessive mechanical stress promotes the development of osteoarthritis. Here Chang et al. identify gremlin-1 as a factor expressed in chondrocytes in response to mechanical stress, and contributing to osteoarthritis via activation of the NF-κB pathway.
Journal Article
Recent Developments for Aluminum–Air Batteries
AbstractEnvironmental concerns such as climate change due to rapid population growth are becoming increasingly serious and require amelioration. One solution is to create large capacity batteries that can be applied in electricity-based applications to lessen dependence on petroleum. Here, aluminum–air batteries are considered to be promising for next-generation energy storage applications due to a high theoretical energy density of 8.1 kWh kg−1 that is significantly larger than that of the current lithium-ion batteries. Based on this, this review will present the fundamentals and challenges involved in the fabrication of aluminum–air batteries in terms of individual components, including aluminum anodes, electrolytes and air cathodes. In addition, this review will discuss the possibility of creating rechargeable aluminum–air batteries.Graphic Abstract
Journal Article
الإوزة البرية : رواية
رواية الإوزة البرية لـ أوجاي مورى يقدم الروائي الياباني البارز «أوجاي موري» في «الإوزة البرية» قصة مؤثرة للحب غير المتحقق، تدور أحداثها في عام 1880، على خلفية التغيير الاجتماعي المُذهل المُصاحب لقيام نظام ميجي. يجبر الفقر البطلة الشابة، أوتاما، أن تصبح عشيقة مراب يحسب ويُخطط لكل خطوة.
Book
A flexible feature for the long-reigning thermoelectric champion bismuth telluride
P-type and n-type exfoliated Bi
2
Te
3
thin films show high power generation performance at room temperature for flexible thermoelectric devices.
Journal Article
Final fall
Mori escapes captivity in the English countryside and returns to London, where she plots the downfall of her father and his cohorts but discovers that Lock may no longer be an ally.
BOOK
Mechanosensory trichome cells evoke a mechanical stimuli–induced immune response in Arabidopsis thaliana
Perception of pathogen-derived ligands by corresponding host receptors is a pivotal strategy in eukaryotic innate immunity. In plants, this is complemented by circadian anticipation of infection timing, promoting basal resistance even in the absence of pathogen threat. Here, we report that trichomes, hair-like structures on the epidermis, directly sense external mechanical forces, including raindrops, to anticipate pathogen infections in
Arabidopsis thaliana
. Exposure of leaf surfaces to mechanical stimuli initiates the concentric propagation of intercellular calcium waves away from trichomes to induce defence-related genes. Propagating calcium waves enable effective immunity against pathogenic microbes through the CALMODULIN-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATOR 3 (CAMTA3) and mitogen-activated protein kinases. We propose an early layer of plant immunity in which trichomes function as mechanosensory cells that detect potential risks.
Plant immunity can be induced by pathogen signals or environmental cues. Here, the authors show that plant leaves use trichomes to sense incoming raindrops and trigger basal defence responses to protect against subsequent microbial infection.
Journal Article