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Purpose Recurrence of glioblastoma (GB) occurs in most patients after standard concomitant temozolomide-based radiochemotherapy (CTRC). Bevacizumab (BV), an anti-VEGF antibody, has an effect on progression-free survival (PFS) but not on overall survival (OS). However, a small part of the patients experience a survival, longer than expected. This retrospective study aims to characterize long responder (LR) patients treated with BV for a first or second GBM recurrence. Methods Medical records from patients (814) who received BV for a first or second recurrence of primary glioblastoma between September 2010 and September 2015, and initially treated by CTRC were analyzed. Patients, who had at least a stable disease according to RANO criteria at 12 months from the start of BV, were included. Patients who had, a secondary GB, or received BV in neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting were excluded. Results We focused on 65 LR patients without progression 12 months after the first injection of BV (8%). Median PFS was 21.7 months [95% CI (19.3; 27.2)] and median OS was 31.1 months [95% CI (24.3; 37.5)] from the start of BV. No prognostic factor was associated with OS in multivariate analysis. Karnofsky performance status, neurological status and corticosteroid dose were stable at 12 months. Conclusions Our results highlight that among patients receiving bevacizumab in first or second recurrence, one patient out of twelve could be classified as LR. A median OS of 31.1 months from the start of BV could be expected in this subpopulation. These findings reinforce the potential benefit of the use of BV in the situation of recurrence. 256 words

Background. Cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease (CFLD) is a major cause of death. The objective of our retrospective study was to describe the relevance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) for CFLD evaluation. Methods. All cystic fibrosis adult patients evaluated by MRI and LSM were included. MR signs of portal hypertension (PHT), dysmorphia, or cholangitis were collected and LSM expressed in kPa and Metavir. Results. Of 25 patients, 52% had abnormal MRI. Median LSM was 5.7 kPa (3.4–9.9). Three patients had F2 score and one had F3 score. In patients with PHT, LSM was 7.85 kPa (3.7–9.9) compared to 5 (3.4–7.5) in others, p = 0.02 . In patients with abnormal liver function tests, 50% had increased LSM (≥F2), whereas 94% with normal tests had normal LSM ( p = 0.04 ). Seven patients had abnormal MRI despite normal ultrasonography. Conclusions. MRI and LSM provide useful information on CFLD and may help to screen patients with PHT.

En s’appuyant principalement sur une analyse de la presse et d’archives institutionnelles, cet article traite des débats entourant la mobilisation et la réhabilitation des condamnés de droit commun pendant la Première Guerre mondiale en France. Il s’agit d’un angle d’analyse peu investigué visant à déterminer dans quelle mesure les nouveaux cadres sociaux et symboliques engendrés par le conflit ont transformé, même temporairement, les représentations sociales du crime et les pratiques pénales. L’article montre que la mobilisation et la mort de masse ont, en lien avec le discours dominant patriotique, engendré un imaginaire social spécifique sur le crime et suscité des mesures exceptionnelles concernant la mobilisation et la réhabilitation judiciaire des condamnés ordinaires. À travers divers enjeux (moraux, politiques, militaires, économiques), le contexte guerrier renouvelle et radicalise des débats anciens, qui témoignent du dilemme auquel font face les autorités pour concilier exécution des peines, besoin d’effectifs et maintien de la discipline.

1. The health of 2 flocks of 896 ISA Brown laying hens were studied successively over the years 1995 and 1996 under different caging conditions. Hens were kept in groups of 4 in a total of 224 cages. The treatments (7 different types of cages) differed in area per hen (450, 600 or 800 cm2) and height (40 or 60 cm). In the large (800 cm2/hen) and high (60 cm cage) treatment, half of the cages were equipped with perches (20 cm/hen). Each study lasted 48 weeks. 2. Feather condition was found to be independent of cage type. 3. No differences were apparent between the 7 treatments in tibia breaking strength (using the 3-point breakage technique). A significant increase in humerus breaking strength was observed in the high cages. The frequency of broken wings recorded after slaughter was lower in high cages (23%) than in low ones (36%). 4. Mortality was different between treatments. This was explained by a higher proportion of birds killed by 'body cannibalism' in the 60 cm high cages, and by a higher proportion of birds killed by 'vent cannibalism' in the cages with perches.

Cet article se propose d’analyser les premiers impacts du commerce électronique sur la vente automobile, sous l’angle particulier des attentes du consommateur. Un développement destiné à synthétiser le fonctionnement du commerce automobile (y compris électronique) contemporain introduit le propos. La confrontation des attentes du consommateur en regard du commerce électronique est envisagée dans la double perspective du système d’offre puis des situations d’achat. Enfin, un diagnostic des causes profondes du relatif insuccès du commerce électronique automobile est proposé . This paper intends to analyze the early impacts of the electronic trade on car sale’s business, under the particular focus of consumer’s expectations. It is introduced by a synthetic development, intended to sum up the main shapes of automotive distribution and of the e-trade. Then, the consumer’s expectations is confronted to the e-trade in regard of the offering system and the purchasing situations. Eventually, we conclude by a diagnosis of the deep causes of the relative breakdown of the e-trade, applied to cars.

Cet article se propose d'analyser les premiers impacts du commerce électronique sur la vente automobile, sous l'angle particulier des attentes du consommateur. Un développement destiné à synthétiser le fonctionnement du commerce automobile (y compris électronique) contemporain introduit le propos. La confrontation des attentes du consommateur en regard du commerce électronique est envisagée dans la double perspective du système d'offre puis des situations d'achat. Enfin, un diagnostic des causes profondes du relatif insuccès du commerce électronique automobile est proposé. This paper intends to analyze the early impacts of the electronic trade on car sale's business, under the particular focus of consumer's expectations. It is introduced by a synthetic development, intended to sum up the main shapes of automotive distribution and of the e-trade. Then, the consumer's expectations is confronted to the e-trade in regard of the offering system and the purchasing situations. Eventually, we conclude by a diagnosis of the deep causes of the relative breakdown of the e-trade, applied to cars.

This paper intends to analyze the early impacts of the electronic trade on car sale's business, under the particular focus of consumer's expectations. It is introduced by a synthetic development, intended to sum up the main shapes of automotive distribution and of the e-trade. Then, the consumer's expectations is confronted by electronic commerce in regard of the offering system and the purchasing situations. Eventually, we conclude by a diagnosis of the deep causes of the relative breakdown of electronic commerce, applied to cars.