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The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is a large, weakly selective pore that opens in the mitochondrial inner membrane in response to the pathological increase in matrix Ca2+ concentration. mPTP activation has been implicated as a key factor contributing to stress-induced necrotic and apoptotic cell death. The molecular identity of the mPTP is not completely understood. Both ATP synthase and adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) have been described as important components of the mPTP. Using a refractive index (RI) imaging approach, we recently demonstrated that the removal of either ATP synthase or ANT eliminates the Ca2+-induced mPTP in experiments with intact cells. These results suggest that mPTP formation relies on the interaction between ATP synthase and ANT protein complexes. To gain further insight into this process, we used RI imaging to investigate mPTP properties in cells with a genetically eliminated C subunit of ATP synthase. These cells also lack ATP6, ATP8, 6.8PL subunits and DAPIT but, importantly, have a vestigial ATP synthase complex with assembled F1 and peripheral stalk domains. We found that these cells can still undergo mPTP activation, which can be blocked by the ANT inhibitor bongkrekic acid. These results suggest that ANT can form the pore independently from the C subunit but still requires the presence of other components of ATP synthase.

The Handbook of Journal Publishing is a comprehensive reference work written by experienced professionals, covering all aspects of journal publishing, both online and in print. Journals are crucial to scholarly communication, but changes in recent years in the way journals are produced, financed, and used make this an especially turbulent and challenging time for journal publishers - and for authors, readers, and librarians. The Handbook offers a thorough guide to the journal publishing process, from editing and production through marketing, sales, and fulfilment, with chapters on management, finances, metrics, copyright, and ethical issues. It provides a wealth of practical tools, including checklists, sample documents, worked examples, alternative scenarios, and extensive lists of resources, which readers can use in their day-to-day work. Between them, the authors have been involved in every aspect of journal publishing over several decades and bring to the text their experience working for a wide range of publishers in both the not-for-profit and commercial sectors.

Dual-purpose crops are grazed during their vegetative phase and allowed to regrow to produce grain. Grazing slow-developing winter cereals (wheat, barley, and triticale) is common, but there is also potential to graze faster-developing spring cereals used in regions with shorter-growing seasons. Defoliation in faster-developing genotypes has risks of larger yield penalties, however, little is known about genotypic characteristics that may improve recovery after grazing. Four experiments examined 7 spring wheat and 2 barley cultivars with differing physiological attributes (phenological development rate, putative capacity to accumulate soluble carbohydrates, and tillering capacity) that may influence the capacity of spring wheat to recover after defoliation. Defoliated and undefoliated crops were compared to assess physiological differences between cultivars including recovery of biomass, leaf area and radiation interception at anthesis, and subsequent crop grain yield and yield components. All genotypes had similar responses to defoliation treatments indicating that the physiological attributes studied played little part in mitigating yield penalties after defoliation. Despite some differences in yield components amongst cultivars, defoliation did not adversely affect cultivars with different yield component combinations under non-water limited conditions. Later and intense defoliation (around GS30/31) resulted in large yield penalties (40%) which reduced both grain number and kernel mass. However, earlier defoliation (before GS28) induced small or insignificant yield penalties. Defoliation often reduced canopy radiation interception and crop biomass at anthesis but this rarely translated into large yield penalties. These studies further demonstrate that shorter season spring cereals can provide valuable forage (up to 1.2 t DM/ha) for grazing during early vegetative growth without inducing large yield penalties. This study suggests that beyond appropriate phenology, there were no other specific characteristics of cultivars that improved the recovery after grazing. Hence farmers don’t need specific dual-purpose cultivars and can still focus on those that optimize grain yield potential for a particular environment and sowing date. The timing and intensity of defoliation appear to be larger drivers of yield recovery in spring cereals and better understanding of these relationships are needed to provide grazing management guidelines that mitigate risk of yield penalties in dual-purpose cereal crops.

Introduction The Australian pharmaceutical benefits scheme (PBS) was changed on 15-January 2021 to provide people under 18-years access to government-subsidised pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This study investigated healthcare and service provider's attitudes and practices in discussing PrEP and impacts to PrEP prescribing practices, and the differences in the provision of PrEP to young adults aged >18years compared to people aged <18 years. Methods An online cross-sectional survey, conducted February-November 2023, used purposive, convenience and snowball sampling to recruit healthcare providers eligible to prescribe PrEP (general practitioners (GPs), nurse practitioners (NPs)) and non-prescribing healthcare/service providers (sexual health nurses, HIV community workers) in Australia. Young people were split into three age groups for comparison between young adults (aged 18-24) and adolescents including those above (16-17-years) and below (<16-years) the age of consent in Australia. Cross-tabulation with Pearson's chi-squared (chi2) and Fisher's exact tests were performed to investigate sexual health and PrEP-related attitudes and practices. Results Of the 122 respondents, 40.2% (49/122) were nurses, 18.0% (22/122) GPs, 11.5% (14/122) HIV community workers, 11.5% (14/122) were another profession (including public health physician, LGBTIQA child and family practitioner, social worker, counsellor), 10.7% (13/122) were sexual health physicians, 6.6% (8/122) NPs and 2 were HIV specialists. Most (73.8%, 90/122) reported initiating PrEP conversations with 18-24-year-olds, compared to 13.1% (16/122) with those >16 years. Of the 48 (39.3%) eligible PrEP prescribers, 47.9%, (23/48) reported feeling 'extremely/somewhat' comfortable assessing PrEP eligibility, 41.7% (20/48) reported awareness of 2021 PBS changes, 18.8% (9/48) reported changes to prescribing practices. Prescribers were significantly more likely than non-prescribers to consider PrEP suitable (54.2% vs 35.8%, p<0.05) for clients <16-years. Conclusion Guidelines and prescribing criteria need to reflect current PBS eligibility for young people to support healthcare prescriber decision making in recommending and prescribing PrEP for young people where appropriate. Greater education, training and support is required for healthcare providers to improve provider confidence in discussing sexual health needs and recommending and prescribing PrEP to young people to optimise the possible benefits of access to sexual health services and PrEP in this priority sub-group.

The Tea Party Movement (TPM) burst onto the political scene following the 2008 elections. Early on, the movement attracted broad public support and seemed to tap into a variety of cultural concerns rooted in the changing demographic, political, and economic face of the nation. However, some observers questioned whether the Tea Party represented anything more than routine partisan backlash. And what had started as a seemingly grassroots movement that changed the face of American politics in the 2010 election was reduced to being mainly a caucus within Congress by 2012. In this article, we examine the cultural and political dimensions of Tea Party support over time. Using polling data from North Carolina and Tennessee and quantitative media analysis, we provide new evidence that cultural dispositions in addition to conservative identification were associated with TPM favorability in 2010; that these dispositions crystallized into shared political positions in 2011; and that by 2012 little distinguished TPM adherents from other conservatives.

Sociologists of religion and adolescence often employ questions about how important religion is to an individual (religious centrality) in order to indirectly measure the likelihood that an individual will act on a religious identity (religious identity salience). While measures of religious centrality are seemingly indirect measures of religious identity salience, identity theorists have shown that as components of identity, centrality and salience are conceptually and empirically distinct. Utilizing the National Study of Youth and Religion, I take this research in identity theory and place it in a religious context to explore how these two components of religious identity are empirically and substantively related, and how their relationship affects our assessment of the association between religious identity and behavior. Findings include: 1) measures of religious centrality are not sufficient as indirect measures of religious identity salience; 2) religious identity salience only partially mediates the relationship between religious centrality and behavior, contrary to popular assumption; and 3) these two components of religious identity interact such that adolescents who have both high levels of religious centrality and high levels of religious identity salience have significantly different likelihoods of participating in certain behaviors than adolescents who have high levels of only one or the other. Implications for future research on religious identity and behavior are discussed.

While the Tea Party Movement has emerged as a true player in American politics, it has not yet come to be identified with a set of core beliefs. The authors use survey data to discuss the opinions that make up the movement.

Firefighters who tamed the wind-driven flames of the Aug. 24 Oregon fire at the doorsteps of town are crediting last fall's prescribed fire treatment within the Weaverville Community Forest and the Weaver Basin Trail System for helping them to stop the fire's advance on Trinity High School and the many homes in harm's way until the wind calmed. \"It's really nice to see defensible space in action,\" said the Shasta-Trinity's acting Public Affairs Officer Debra Ann Brabazon, noting that prescribed burns are not always popular with the public in the shortterm, \"so it's important for the community to see there is a positive, long-term effect.\"