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Revisiting the seven pillars of RDoC
Background
In 2013, a few years after the launch of the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, Cuthbert and Insel published a paper titled “Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: the seven pillars of RDoC
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” The RDoC project is a translational research effort to encourage new ways of studying psychopathology through a focus on disruptions in normal functions (such as reward learning or attention) that are defined jointly by observable behavior and neurobiological measures. The paper outlined the principles of the RDoC research framework, including emphases on research that acquires data from multiple measurement classes to foster integrative analyses, adopts dimensional approaches, and employs novel methods for ascertaining participants and identifying valid subgroups.
Discussion
To mark the first decade of the RDoC initiative, we revisit the seven pillars and highlight new research findings and updates to the framework that are related to each. This reappraisal emphasizes the flexible nature of the RDoC framework and its application in diverse areas of research, new findings related to the importance of developmental trajectories within and across neurobehavioral domains, and the value of computational approaches for clarifying complex multivariate relations among behavioral and neurobiological systems.
Conclusion
The seven pillars of RDoC have provided a foundation that has helped to guide a surge of new studies that have examined neurobehavioral domains related to mental disorders, in the service of informing future psychiatric nosology. Building on this footing, future areas of emphasis for the RDoC project will include studying central-peripheral interactions, developing novel approaches to phenotyping for genomic studies, and identifying new targets for clinical trial research to facilitate progress in precision psychiatry.
Journal Article
The best horror of the year. Volume ten
A group of mountain climbers, caught in the dark, fights to survive their descent; An American band finds more than they bargained for in Mexico while scouting remote locations for a photo shoot; A young student's exploration into the origins of a mysterious song leads him on a winding, dangerous path through the US's deep south; A group of kids scaring each other with ghost stories discovers alarming consequences. The Best Horror of the Year showcases the previous year's best offerings in horror short fiction. This edition includes award-winning and critically acclaimed authors Mark Morris, Kaaron Warren, John Langan, Carole Johnstone, Brian Hodge, and others. For more than three decades, award-winning editor and anthologist Ellen Datlow has had her finger on the pulse of the latest and most terrifying in horror writing. Night Shade Books is proud to present the tenth volume in this annual series, a new collection of stories to keep you up at night.
BOOK
The Origin and Diversification of the Hyperdiverse Flora in the Chocó Biogeographic Region
Extremely high levels of plant diversity in the American tropics are derived from multiple interactions between biotic and abiotic factors. Previous studies have focused on macro-evolutionary dynamics of the Tropical Andes, Amazonia, and Brazil's Cerrado and Atlantic forests during the last decade. Yet, other equally important Neotropical biodiversity hotspots have been severely neglected. This is particularly true for the Chocó region on the north-western coast of South and Central America. This geologically complex region is Earth's ninth most biodiverse hotspot, hosting approximately 3% of all known plant species. Here, we test Gentry's [1982a,b] hypothesis of a northern Andean-Central American Pleistocene origin of the Chocoan flora using phylogenetic reconstructions of representative plant lineages in the American tropics. We show that plant diversity in the Chocó is derived mostly from Andean immigrants. Contributions from more distant biogeographical areas also exist but are fewer. We also identify a strong floristic connection between the Chocó and Central America, revealed by multiple migrations into the Chocó during the last 5 Ma. The dated phylogenetic reconstructions suggest a Plio-Pleistocene onset of the extant Chocó flora. Taken together, these results support to a limited extend Gentry's hypothesis of a Pleistocene origin and of a compound assembly of the Chocoan biodiversity hotspot. Strong Central American-Chocoan floristic affinity may be partly explained by the accretion of a land mass derived from the Caribbean plate to north-western South America. Additional densely sampled phylogenies of Chocoan lineages also well represented across the Neotropics could enlighten the role of land mass movements through time in the assembly of floras in Neotropical biodiversity hotspots.
Journal Article
Unveiling the Immunomodulatory and regenerative potential of iPSC-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and their extracellular vesicles
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (iMSCs) offer a promising alternative to primary mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their derivatives, particularly extracellular vesicles (EVs), for use in advanced therapy medicinal products. In this study we evaluated the immunomodulatory and regenerative potential of iMSCs as well as iMSC-EVs, alongside primary human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs). Our findings demonstrate that iMSCs exhibit comparable abilities to hUCMSCs in regulating lymphocyte proliferation and inducing an anti-inflammatory phenotype in monocytes. We also observed decreased TNFα levels and increased IL-10 induction, indicating a potential mechanism for their immunomodulatory effects. Furthermore, iMSC-EVs also showed effective immunomodulation by inhibiting T cell proliferation and inducing macrophage polarization similar to their parental cells. Additionally, iMSC-EVs exhibited pro-regenerative potential akin to hUCMSC-EVs in in vitro scratch assays. Notably, priming iMSCs with pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly enhanced the immunomodulatory potential of iMSC-EVs. These results underscore the considerable promise of iMSCs and iMSCs-EVs as an alternate source for MSC-derived therapeutics, given their potent immunomodulatory and regenerative properties.
Journal Article
National Institute of Mental Health Support for Cognitive Treatment Development in Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review
Abstract
For several decades the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has supported basic and translational research into cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. This article describes the Institute’s ongoing commitment to cognitive assessment and intervention research, as reflected by three signature initiatives—Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia; Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia; and Research Domain Criteria—and related funding announcements that span basic experimental studies, efficacy and comparative effectiveness trials, and implementation research designed to promote cognitive healthcare in real-world treatment settings. We discuss how trends in science and public health policy since the early 2000s have influenced NIMH treatment development activities, resulting in greater attention to (1) inclusive teams that reflect end-user perspectives on the utility of proposed studies; (2) measurement of discrete neurocognitive processes to inform targeted interventions; (3) clinical trials that produce useful information about putative illness mechanisms, promising treatment targets, and downstream clinical effects; and (4) “productive urgency” in pursuing feasible and effective cognitive interventions for psychosis. Programs employing these principles have catalyzed cognitive measurement, drug development, and behavioral intervention approaches that aim to improve neurocognition and community functioning among persons with schizophrenia. NIMH will maintain support for innovative and impactful investigator-initiated research that advances patient-centered, clinically effective, and continuously improving cognitive health care for persons with psychotic disorders.
Journal Article
Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Soccer: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019
The National Collegiate Athletic Association held the first women's soccer championship in 1982; sponsorship and participation have greatly increased since.CONTEXTThe National Collegiate Athletic Association held the first women's soccer championship in 1982; sponsorship and participation have greatly increased since.Routine examinations of athlete injuries are important for identifying emerging temporal patterns.BACKGROUNDRoutine examinations of athlete injuries are important for identifying emerging temporal patterns.Exposure and injury data collected in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program during the 2014-2015 through 2018-2019 seasons were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates.METHODSExposure and injury data collected in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program during the 2014-2015 through 2018-2019 seasons were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates.The overall injury rate was 8.33 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Lateral ligament complex tears (ankle sprains) (8.6%), concussions (8.3%), and quadriceps tears (5.0%) were the most commonly reported injuries. Rates of lateral ligament complex tears followed an increasing trajectory during the study period, whereas quadriceps tear rates fluctuated during the early years, and concussion rates decreased then increased.RESULTSThe overall injury rate was 8.33 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Lateral ligament complex tears (ankle sprains) (8.6%), concussions (8.3%), and quadriceps tears (5.0%) were the most commonly reported injuries. Rates of lateral ligament complex tears followed an increasing trajectory during the study period, whereas quadriceps tear rates fluctuated during the early years, and concussion rates decreased then increased.The findings of this study were mostly consistent with existing evidence; notable temporal patterns were observed with regard to lateral ligament complex tears and concussions.SUMMARYThe findings of this study were mostly consistent with existing evidence; notable temporal patterns were observed with regard to lateral ligament complex tears and concussions.
Journal Article
Methods of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program, 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019
The NCAA ISP has a long-standing role in supplying NCAA stakeholders with crucial injury surveillance data, playing a critical part in safeguarding student-athletes participating in collegiate sports.
Journal Article