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"Morrison, Travis"
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Absolute All-star Superman
\"The Man of Steel goes toe-to-toe with Bizarro, his oddball twin, and the new character Zibarro, also from the Bizarro planet. And Superman faces the final revenge of Lex Luthor--in the form of his own death\"--Amazon.com.
Book
Identification of the energy contributions associated with wall-attached eddies and very-large-scale motions in the near-neutral atmospheric surface layer through wind LiDAR measurements
Recent works on wall-bounded flows have corroborated the coexistence of wall-attached eddies, whose statistical features are predicted through Townsend's attached-eddy hypothesis (AEH), and very-large-scale motions (VLSMs). Furthermore, it has been shown that the presence of wall-attached eddies within the logarithmic layer is linked to the appearance of an inverse-power-law region in the streamwise velocity energy spectra, upon significant separation between outer and viscous scales. In this work, a near-neutral atmospheric surface layer is probed with wind light detection and ranging to investigate the contributions to the streamwise velocity energy associated with wall-attached eddies and VLSMs for a very-high-Reynolds-number boundary layer. Energy and linear coherence spectra (LCS) of the streamwise velocity are interrogated to identify the spectral boundaries associated with eddies of different typologies. Inspired by the AEH, an analytical model for the LCS associated with wall-attached eddies is formulated. The experimental results show that the identification of the wall-attached-eddy energy contribution through the analysis of the energy spectra leads to an underestimate of the associated spectral range, maximum height attained and turbulence intensity. This feature is due to the overlap of the energy associated with VLSMs obscuring the inverse-power-law region. The LCS analysis estimates wall-attached eddies with a streamwise/wall-normal ratio of about 14.3 attaining a height of about 30 % of the outer scale of turbulence.
Journal Article
Batgirl : Stephanie Brown
\"Battling both inner and external demons, Stephanie must learn to balance school and crime-fighting or face the wrath of Barbara Gordon! With guest appearences from Batman and Robin and villains like Man-Bat and Clayface, Batgirl must step up to the mantle! Batgirl must battle the Calculator and stop his plan to unleash a nanovirus upon the citizens of Gotham City that will turn them into mindless techno-zombies, enter the FLOOD!\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Boundary-Layer Processes Hindering Contemporary Numerical Weather Prediction Models
Time integration of the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations is the principal approach used in numerical weather prediction. This approach represents a balanced compromise between accuracy and computational cost. The URANS equations require the flow to be decomposed into an ensemble mean and excursions that are presumed to be entirely related to turbulence, thereby enabling conventional closure schemes to be used to describe their statistics. Implicit in such a decomposition is the assumption of a spectral gap between the unsteadiness in the mean flow and the scales of turbulence. Modelling challenges arise when some of the unresolved fluctuations are related to non-turbulent, structured motions that can also blur the spectral gap and render conventional closure schemes ineffective. This work seeks to clarify modelling issues that occur when unresolved fluctuations include submesoscale motions and persistent secondary circulations related to surface heterogeneities. Because submeso motions and persistent secondary circulations are not random, new theoretical tactics are discussed to represent their effects on URANS transport. By reviewing the interpretation of fluctuating terms in the URANS equations, we suggest the use of large-eddy simulations, direct numerical simulations and field measurements to guide the development of closure schemes that explicitly include fluxes due to submeso motions and persistent secondary circulations.
Journal Article
Batman by Grant Morrison omnibus
\"One of the greatest storytellers of his generation, Grant Morrison's arrival onto the Dark Knight was one of the most hyped debuts in industry history. This collection includes time-spanning epic graphic novels featuring the cataclysmic events of FINAL CRISIS and the introduction of Batman's son, Damian Wayne! These blockbuster stories featured a deconstruction of super hero comics like never before, with challenging, thought-provoking takes on the modern, four-color icons.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Diophantine definability of nonnorms of cyclic extensions of global fields
We show that, for any square-free natural number nn and any global field KK with (char(K),n)=1(\\textrm {char}(K), n)=1 containing a primitive nnth root of unity, the pairs (x,y)∈K××K×(x,y)\\in K^{\\times }\\times K^{\\times } such that xx is not a relative norm of K(yn)/KK(\\sqrt [n]{y})/K form a diophantine set over KK. We use the Hasse norm theorem, Kummer theory, and class field theory to prove this result. We also prove that, for any n∈Nn\\in {\\mathbb {N}} and any global field KK with char(K)≠n\\textrm {char}(K)\\neq n, K×∖K×nK^{\\times }\\setminus K^{\\times n} is diophantine over KK. For a number field KK, this is a result of Colliot-Thélène and Van Geel, proved using results on the Brauer–Manin obstruction. Additionally, we prove a variation of our main theorem for global fields KK without the nnth roots of unity, where we parametrize varieties arising from norm forms of cyclic extensions of KK without any rational points by a diophantine set.
Journal Article
The Heat-Flux Imbalance: The Role of Advection and Dispersive Fluxes on Heat Transport Over Thermally Heterogeneous Terrain
Data from the Idealized Planar-Array experiment for Quantifying Spatial heterogeneity are used to perform a control volume analysis (400 × 400 × 2 m3) on the total derivative of the temperature tendency equation. Analysis of the heat-flux imbalance, which is defined as the ratio of the sum of advective, dispersive, and turbulence-flux terms to the turbulence-flux term, are presented. Results are divided amongst free-convective and forced-convective days, as well as high-wind-speed and quiescent nocturnal periods. Findings show that the median flux imbalance is greater on forced-convective days (a 168% turbulence-flux overestimation, or relative importance of the advection to dispersive flux to the turbulence flux) when compared to free-convective periods (79% turbulence-flux overestimation). During nocturnal periods, a median turbulence-flux underestimation of 146% exists for quiescent nights and a 43% underestimation of the flux for high-wind-speed nights. These results support the existing literature, suggesting that mean air-temperature heterogeneities lead to strong bulk advection and dispersive fluxes. A discussion of the impact of the flux imbalance on the surface energy balance and numerical-weather-prediction modelling is presented.
Journal Article
Curve-lifted codes for local recovery using lines
In this paper, we introduce curve-lifted codes over fields of arbitrary characteristic, inspired by Hermitian-lifted codes over
F
2
r
. These codes are designed for locality and availability, and their particular parameters depend on the choice of curve and its properties. Due to the construction, the numbers of rational points of intersection between curves and lines play a key role. To demonstrate that and generate new families of locally recoverable codes (LRCs) with high availabilty, we focus on norm-trace-lifted codes.
Journal Article
The Impact of Surface Temperature Heterogeneity on Near-Surface Heat Transport
Experimental closure of the surface energy balance during convective periods is a long-standing problem. With experimental data from the Idealized horizontal Planar Array experiment for Quantifying Surface heterogeneity, the terms of the temperature-tendency equation are computed, with an emphasis on the total derivative. The experiment occurred at the Surface Layer Turbulence and Environmental Science Test facility at the U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground during the summer of 2019. The experimental layout contained an array of 21 flux stations over a 1 km2 grid. Sensible heat fluxes show high spatial variability, with maximum variability occurring during convective periods. Maximum variability in the vertical heat flux is 50–80 W m-2 (median variability of 40%), while in the horizontal flux, it is 200–500 W m-2 (median variability of 48% for the streamwise and 40% for the spanwise fluxes). Ensemble averages computed during convective afternoon periods show large magnitudes of horizontal advection (48 W m-3 or 172 K h-1) and vertical flux divergence (13 W m-3 or 47 K h-1). Probability density functions of the total derivative from convective cases show mean volumetric heating rates of 43 W m-3 (154 K h-1) compared to 13 W m-3 (47 K h-1) on non-convective days. A conceptual model based on persistent mean flow structures from local-surface-temperature heterogeneities may explain the observed advection. The model describes the difference between locally-driven advection and advection driven by larger-scale forcings. Of the cases examined, 83% with streamwise and 81% with spanwise advection during unstable periods are classified as locally driven by nearby surface thermal heterogeneities.
Journal Article
Experimental Analysis of Heat Transfer in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer over a Thermally Heterogeneous Land-Surface
An accurate representation of the transport of heat at the earth’s surface is important for the modeling and understanding of the atmospheric boundary layer. For decades, heat transport has been studied experimentally through the surface energy balance (SEB), which has been difficult to close and remains an outstanding problem in the boundary layer community. The SEB has traditionally been studied as a one-dimensional column, neglecting the important impacts of spatial heterogeneity. Herein we address the assumptions of spatial homogeneity through development of new measurement techniques with thermal imagery, as well as, collecting data from a high-density array of sensors to compute the governing equations in all three dimensions. To accomplish this experimental data from both the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations Program (MATERHORN) and the Idealized Planar Array experiment for quantifying Spatial Heterogeneity (IPAQS) are used to advance our understanding of the SEB from a multi-dimensional approach. Both data sets are acquired at the seemly flat and thermally heterogeneous desert playa at the U.S. Army Dugway Proving Grounds Surface Layer Turbulence and Environmental Science Test (SLTEST) facility, in Utah’s West Desert. The presented analysis and methodologies are particularly focused measuring terms which arise from the decomposition of the substantial derivative in the temperature tendency equation. Through study of the transport terms of heat (i.e., advection, dispersive fluxes, and turbulence) over scales of O ∼10 m–100 m we show the importance of horizontal variability on the turbulent sensible heat flux, horizontal advection, and dispersive fluxes and their impact on the SEB. Lastly, these results are used to help begin to parameterise these often unresolved transport terms using direction from recent large eddy simulation results. Initial findings show a promising link between surface temperature heterogeneity strength and the transport terms.
Dissertation