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An Updated Reference on Human Exposure to Environmental Toxicants and A Study of Their Impact on Public Health With the 4th edition of Environmental Toxicants: Human Exposures and Their Health Effects, readers have access to up-to-date information on the study and science of environmental toxicology and public health worldwide. Practitioners and professionals can use this resource to understand newly discovered information on the adverse health effects of toxins and pollutants in air, water, and occupational and environmental environments on large human populations. The 4th edition of this book is updated to reflect new knowledge and research on: ? Performing risk assessments on exposed individuals ? Assessing the effects of toxicants and substances on large populations for health and medical professionals ? Patterns of human exposure to select chemical toxicants ? World Trade Center dust, agents for chemical terrorism, and nanoparticles For health professionals, including health authorities, public health officials, physicians, and industrial managers, who are seeking new research and techniques for managing environmental substances, this invaluable reference will guide you through in a thorough, easy- to-read manner.

This chapter identifies and critically reviews knowledge on the health effects of human exposure to selected chemical agents and physical factors in the ambient environment. Chemical contaminants can be air contaminants, water contaminants, or food contaminants. People can be exposed to chemicals in the environment in numerous ways. The chemicals can be inhaled, ingested, or taken up by and through the skin. Exposure is a key step in this continuum and a complex one. The concept of total human exposure, or exposome, has developed as essential to the appreciation of the nature and extent of environmental health hazards associated with ubiquitous chemicals at low levels. The chapter addresses the pathways and transport rates of toxic chemicals from environmental media to critical tissue sites as well as retention times at those sites. Exposure‐response relationships can be developed from human experience.