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Previous research suggests that psychotherapists' readiness to treat traumatized patients varies according to patient and therapist characteristics, including the patient's refugee background. : This study aims to examine the relationship between psychotherapists' readiness to treat patients with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and various patient and therapist characteristics, including refugee background and country of origin. : In our vignette study with a nationwide online survey in Germany (  = 871), we assessed the readiness of licensed psychotherapists (LPTs) and therapists in training (PiTs) to treat patients with PTSD. Vignettes described patients with PTSD who differed in gender, refugee background, and country of origin (Syria vs. Ukraine). Participants rated treatment readiness and expected treatment success based on the vignette they received. : Treatment readiness and expected success were significantly lower for refugee patients. There was no difference in treatment readiness between refugees from Syria and Ukraine, but therapists expected less therapeutic success for Syrian patients compared to Ukrainian patients. Gender did not influence the results. The study shows that refugee background and country of origin influence psychotherapists' readiness to treat PTSD and their expectations of treatment success. These findings highlight potential reasons for the undertreatment of refugees and suggest opportunities for intervention and training, such as informing therapists about effective treatments for refugee patients.

Neuroscientists face increasing pressure to disseminate results and discuss their implications with the public. Illes and colleagues consider the challenges that they face and make specific recommendations for individuals and institutions to promote this process. There is increasing pressure for neuroscientists to communicate their research and the societal implications of their findings to the public. Communicating science is challenging, and the transformation of communication by digital and interactive media increases the complexity of the challenge. To facilitate dialogue with the public in this new media landscape, we suggest three courses of action for the neuroscience community: a cultural shift that explicitly recognizes and rewards public outreach, the identification and development of neuroscience communication experts, and ongoing empirical research on the public communication of neuroscience.

This paper presents the results of a research project to understand how a major technology adoption project is taken up in the social setting of Calgary's three major homeless shelters. An understanding of how technology is used \"on the ground\" and how it relates to the project's goals is the key contribution of this research. The results of interviews with clients at the homeless shelters and shelter staff provide the empirical data for an analysis of the major issues concerning the actual and intended use of this Smart Communities project. The research project is influenced by institutional ethnography, which looks at the role of texts in coordinating social relations. This article suggests that information technology could be seen as a text \"superpower\" in coordinating social relations among socially \"at risk\" people in particular. It concludes that more transparent dialogue is required on how actions are concerted by information technology.

Die Pneumonie ist eine sehr häufige und potenziell tödliche Erkrankung. Es werden 3 Entitäten (ambulant erworbenen = CAP, nosokomial erworben = HAP und Pneumonie unter Immunsuppression) unterschieden von denen insbesondere die CAP und die HAP für die Umsetzung von Antibiotic Stewardship(ABS)-Strategien, den rationalen Umgang mit Antibiotika, gut geeignet sind. Die Durchführung einer mikrobiologischen Diagnostik vor Start einer Antibiotikatherapie bei Pneumonie, die stationär behandelt werden muss, wird stark empfohlen. Eine Risikostratifizierung der Patienten und der Schweregrad der Erkrankung sind entscheidend für die kalkulierte Antibiotikaauswahl und die Applikationsform. Bei COVID-19-Patienten ohne septischen Schock kann aufgrund der niedrigen Rate von bakteriellen Superinfektionen auf eine empirische Antibiotikatherapie verzichtet werden. Eine Reevaluation der Antibiotikatherapie nach 48–72 h mit gezielter Deeskalation unter Beachtung der Klinik und Mikrobiologie, Absetzen bei Fehlindikation und die Begrenzung der Therapiedauer sind essenzielle ABS-Strategien zur Optimierung des klinischen Outcomes bei CAP und HAP mit dem Ziel, die Antibiotikaresistenzentwicklung sowie die Toxizität für den Patienten möglichst gering zu halten. Der Einsatz von Biomarkern wie Procalcitonin kann in bestimmten Situationen ein frühzeitiges Absetzen der Therapie begünstigen oder die Diagnose einer bakteriellen Superinfektion bei COVID-19 unterstützen.

Vaccines are one of the greatest achievements to public health allowing almost complete eradication of small pox and polio and dramatically reducing the incidence of a variety of other diseases. However, many diseases still exist without a vaccine. To create vaccines for these diseases we need to understand and create enhanced responses that enable proper immune activation. This organized activation can be achieved using adjuvants, components added to the vaccine to enhance the immune response. Typically, vaccines have been empirically derived, leading to expensive and lengthy development periods. Our lab is focused on creating tools to enable rational and optimized vaccine design. My work focuses on two main areas: creating tools to probe immune responses on the single-cell level, leading to a greater understanding of immune activation and applying this understanding to create more effective vaccines to challenging diseases. One of the biggest challenges of creating new vaccines is attaining an adequate safety profile. Many vaccines can provide protection but do not translate to the clinic due to the high levels of inflammation they induce. CpG, a synthetic bacterial DNA mimic, has demonstrated great promise as an adjuvant, however most vaccines that include CpG do not make it through clinical trials. Using an NF-κB inhibitor, we demonstrate that we can enhance the safety and protection afforded by CpG and many other common adjuvants. Many of the most effective vaccines stimulate multiple innate immune pathways. When this combination of pathways leads to enhancement of the immune response this is known as an immune synergy. Although the existence of immune synergies is well understood, the mechanism of enhanced activity is still unknown. Few tools exist to directly examine spatial and temporal elements of immune activation and synergies. Described here are two tools to elucidate the spatiotemporal aspects of innate immune responses. The first is a particle-based system allowing effective agonist presentation and tracking of activated cells. The second is an optogenetic innate immune receptor allowing the receptor to be activated with the spatial and temporal precision of light.

There is increasing pressure for neuroscientists to communicate their research and the societal implications of their findings to the public. Communicating science is challenging and the transformation of communication by digital and interactive media makes the challenge even greater. To successfully facilitate dialogue with the public in this new media landscape we suggest three courses of action for the neuroscience community: a cultural shift that explicitly recognizes and rewards public outreach, the identification and development of neuroscience communication experts, and ongoing empirical research on public communication of neuroscience.

Zusammenfassung Da die Symptome der ambulant erworbenen Pneumonie nicht diagnoseweisend sind, ist daran zu denken und eine laborchemische sowie bildgebende Diagnostik einzuleiten schon die halbe Miete. Was Sie noch beachten sollten und wann Sie Betroffene besser in die Klinik einweisen, erfahren Sie in diesem Beitrag.

There is increasing pressure for neuroscientists to communicate their research and the societal implications of their findings to the public. Communicating science is challenging, and the transformation of communication by digital and interactive media increases the complexity of the challenge. To facilitate dialogue with the public in this new media landscape, we suggest three courses of action for the neuroscience community: a cultural shift that explicitly recognizes and rewards public outreach, the identification and development of neuroscience communication experts, and ongoing empirical research on the public communication of neuroscience.

Although almost everyone loves reading, many children do not enjoy reading during their school years. Those children who do love to read seem to enjoy it almost inherently, while other children tend to become distant when asked to read whether it is for class or for pleasure. To this end, Moser discusses the Sustained Silent Reading strategy, a technique which might help influence reading enrichment and encouragement in one's classroom or school.