Explore the vast range of titles available.

The authors (two classroom teacher researchers and two university researchers) explore the potential of improvisational teaching for justice-oriented literacy instruction with adolescent youths. In the aftermath of racial unrest and student activism at the University of Missouri and when faced with the emerging confusions among students in response to global humanitarian crises, the two teachers encountered tensions and emerging justice-oriented literacies through a relational presence in the classroom. Guided by the scholarship on improvisational planning and teaching, the authors explore how teachers’ being with the major resources in the room produce generative literacy sites of critical discussion, reading, writing, and making as acts of creative resistance and solidarity. Throughout the article, the authors juxtapose the two teaches’ feelings and voices to amplify their differences and their affectual responses to encountered tensions to evoke new conditions of possibilities for justice-oriented literacy education.

[...]as Misha shared Andrea Davis Pinkney's (2010) Sit-In: How Four Friends Stood Up by Sitting Down, a picturebook focused on the civil rights sit-in movement, she asked students to read local newspaper photographs (Witthaus & Johnson, 2015) depicting a sit-in led by Concerned Student 1950-a student-led activist group fighting to end racial hostility at MU-that was taking place a few blocks away on the university campus.Misha believed that asking students to examine the illustrations more carefully would help them make accurate inferences.[...]she asked several general questions to get students thinking about the story: \"What's going on in the illustrations?\" and \"What do you see that makes you ask that?\" Illustrator Brian Pinkney's watercolor and India ink illustrations gave the students much to question, learn from, and discuss.Daryl found that initially most students could notice and name details in visuals, but they were not accustomed to being asked to name and describe how they felt in response to those images.Since feelings are not often spoken about, shared, or studied in adolescent classrooms, students struggled to identify and articulate what they felt.Spaces for students to read visual depictions of social justice themes are generative opportunities to develop the kinds of mindsets and empathy needed to thoughtfully negotiate the sociopolitical messages often presented in diverse picturebooks.[...]for teachers like Misha and Daryl-who often do not share the same cultural and linguistic histories as their students but do share commitments to making a better world-the extended VTS approach provided a framework to navigate the complexities of discussions focused on issues of social justice.

For some, it is a common conception that if a poet includes politics in his poetry then he has degraded it. For others, politics must be included in poetry or it has no purpose. The purpose of this dissertation is to debunk the myths that surround political commitment and poetry; to build up the relationship between poetry and politics. This dissertation explores the simultaneous development of politics and poetics in three Spanish-language poets: Rafael Alberti, Nicolás Guillén, and Pablo Neruda. I argue that the simultaneous development was nurtured by the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939). Beginning in these years, Alberti, Guillén, and Neruda strove to tackle the challenge of committing to their own independent poetic projects and to their politics simultaneously. Later, these three poets maintained their Communist Party affiliation until their deaths and produced collection after collection of quality poetry. Despite the differences in their overall poetic trajectories and projects, the ability to maneuver between politics and poetry without sacrificing either one is common among them. The poetry of these three artists is not simply political propaganda nor is it “poetry for poetry’s sake.” In other words, the poetry strives to bring together issues such as communism, anti-fascism, anti-imperialism, class struggle, worker’s rights among others; yet for these three authors these topics strengthen their poetics and challenge traditional thought about what poetry is. Because of their unique experiences during the time of the Second Spanish Republic in Spain, each author explicitly turned to denounce the injustices that the opposing Franquist forces had committed against the Republic, a place that had given more rights to workers. After the fall of the Republic in 1939, Alberti, Guillén, and Neruda continued to intertwine their politics with their poems only in a less obvious manner. Therefore, the poets could solidify their position within the poetic canon while at the same time they could maintain their position as committed Communists.

Science is undergoing rapid change with the movement to improve science focused largely on reproducibility/replicability and open science practices. This moment of change—in which science turns inward to examine its methods and practices—provides an opportunity to address its historic lack of diversity and noninclusive culture. Through network modeling and semantic analysis, we provide an initial exploration of the structure, cultural frames, and women’s participation in the open science and reproducibility literatures (n = 2,926 articles and conference proceedings). Network analyses suggest that the open science and reproducibility literatures are emerging relatively independently of each other, sharing few common papers or authors. We next examine whether the literatures differentially incorporate collaborative, prosocial ideals that are known to engage members of underrepresented groups more than independent, winner-takes-all approaches. We find that open science has a more connected, collaborative structure than does reproducibility. Semantic analyses of paper abstracts reveal that these literatures have adopted different cultural frames: open science includes more explicitly communal and prosocial language than does reproducibility. Finally, consistent with literature suggesting the diversity benefits of communal and prosocial purposes, we find that women publish more frequently in high-status author positions (first or last) within open science (vs. reproducibility). Furthermore, this finding is further patterned by team size and time. Women are more represented in larger teams within reproducibility, and women’s participation is increasing in open science over time and decreasing in reproducibility. We conclude with actionable suggestions for cultivating a more prosocial and diverse culture of science.

Doravirine is a novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) that has demonstrated good efficacy, tolerability, and safety for the treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection in phase III clinical trials. Doravirine achieved non-inferiority when compared with efavirenz- and darunavir/ritonavir-based regimens. Fewer adverse effects, including neuropsychiatric effects were observed with doravirine compared with efavirenz. Key pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics as well as drug-drug interactions and the resistance profile were assessed in this clinical review. Doravirine is a pyridinone NNRTI with potent antiviral activity against wild-type HIV-1 virus and common NNRTI variants. Studies in healthy volunteers and HIV-infected individuals have shown that doravirine has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile for once-daily dosing, with an elimination half-life of around 15 h, median time to maximum plasma concentrations of 1-4 h, and time to steady-state concentration of 7 days. The pharmacokinetics of doravirine are not greatly influenced by sex, age, race, or hepatic impairment. Although no dose adjustment is required for doravirine in renal impairment when given as a single tablet, the fixed-dose combination tablet of doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is not recommended in patients with a creatinine clearance of < 50 mL/min. Doravirine has a low potential for drug-drug interactions and does not impact on the pharmacokinetics of other drugs. However, it is metabolized via cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A enzymes and is thus susceptible to interactions with CYP3A inhibitors and inducers. Strong CYP3A inhibitors can significantly increase doravirine exposure; however, this is not considered to be clinically relevant. Conversely, strong CYP3A inducers, such as rifampin, are contraindicated with doravirine owing to a significant reduction in exposure with potential for impaired virological efficacy. Moderate CYP3A inducers, such as rifabutin, may be co-administered if the doravirine dose is increased to 100 mg twice daily. Doravirine has a unique resistance profile and has demonstrated in vitro activity against some of the most common, clinically relevant NNRTI-resistant mutations. Prevalence of baseline NNRTI resistance to doravirine appears to be low in treatment-naïve cohorts. Further data on the efficacy of doravirine in patients with previous treatment experience and/or transmitted NNRTI resistance are required to further inform its place in the current armamentarium of drugs for the treatment of HIV infection.

Aims/hypothesis Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an enteroendocrine hormone that promotes storage of glucose and fat. Its secretion from intestinal K cells is triggered by nutrient ingestion and is modulated by intracellular cAMP. In view of the proadipogenic actions of GIP, this study aimed to identify pathways in K cells that lower cAMP levels and GIP secretion. Methods Murine K cells purified by flow cytometry were analysed for expression of G αi -coupled receptors by transcriptomic microarrays. Somatostatin and cannabinoid receptor expression was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Hormone secretion in vitro was measured in GLUTag and primary murine intestinal cultures. cAMP was monitored in GLUTag cells using the genetically encoded sensor Epac2-camps. In vivo tolerance tests were performed in cannulated rats. Results Purified murine K cells expressed high mRNA levels for somatostatin receptors ( Sstrs ) Sstr2 , Sstr3 and Sstr5 , and cannabinoid receptor type 1 ( Cnr1 , CB1). Somatostatin inhibited GIP and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion from primary small intestinal cultures, in part through SSTR5, and reduced cAMP generation in GLUTag cells. Although the CB1 agonist methanandamide (mAEA) inhibited GIP secretion, no significant effect was observed on GLP-1 secretion from primary cultures. In cannulated rats, treatment with mAEA prior to an oral glucose tolerance test suppressed plasma GIP but not GLP-1 levels, whereas the CB1 antagonist AM251 elevated basal GIP concentrations. Conclusions/interpretation GIP release is inhibited by somatostatin and CB1 agonists. The differential effects of CB1 ligands on GIP and GLP-1 release may provide a new tool to dissociate secretion of these incretin hormones and lower GIP but not GLP-1 levels in vivo.

Differentiating actions of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) at free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) from other free fatty acid-responsive receptors and from non-receptor-mediated effects has been challenging. Using a novel chemogenetic and knock-in strategy, whereby an engineered variant of FFA2 (FFA2-DREADD) that is unresponsive to natural SCFAs but is instead activated by sorbic acid replaced the wild-type receptor, we determined that activation of FFA2 in differentiated adipocytes and colonic crypt enteroendocrine cells of mouse accounts fully for SCFA-regulated lipolysis and release of the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), respectively. In vivo studies confirmed the specific role of FFA2 in GLP-1 release and also demonstrated a direct role for FFA2 in accelerating gut transit. Thereby, we establish the general principle that such a chemogenetic knock-in strategy can successfully define novel G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) biology and provide both target validation and establish therapeutic potential of a ‘hard to target’ GPCR. A chemogenomic approach to explore activity of the free fatty acid receptor FFA2 independently of the related FFA3 shows that FFA2 in differentiated adipocytes and colonic crypt cells in mice is responsible for regulated lipolysis and GLP-1 release.

Embracing Queer Students' Diverse Identities at Historically Black Colleges and Universities: A Primer for Presidents, Administrators, and Faculty is both a call to action and a resource for historically Black college and university (HBCU) leaders and administrators, focusing on historical and contemporary issues related to expanding inclusionary.

Background Adjuvant regional anesthesia is often selected for patients or procedures with high risk of pulmonary complications after general anesthesia. The benefit of adjuvant regional anesthesia to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications remains uncertain. In a prospective observational multicenter study, patients scheduled for non-cardiothoracic surgery with at least one postoperative pulmonary complication surprisingly received adjuvant regional anesthesia more frequently than those with no complications. We hypothesized that, after adjusting for surgical and patient complexity variables, the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications would not be associated with adjuvant regional anesthesia. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective observational multicenter study including 1202 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 3 patients undergoing non-cardiothoracic surgery. Patients were classified as receiving either adjuvant regional anesthesia or general anesthesia alone. Predefined pulmonary complications within the first seven postoperative days were prospectively identified. Groups were compared using bivariable and multivariable hierarchical logistic regression analyses for the outcome of at least one postoperative pulmonary complication. Results Adjuvant regional anesthesia was performed in 266 (22.1%) patients and not performed in 936 (77.9%). The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was greater in patients receiving adjuvant regional anesthesia (42.1%) than in patients without it (30.9%) (site adjusted p  = 0.007), but this association was not confirmed after adjusting for covariates (adjusted OR 1.37; 95% CI, 0.83–2.25; p  = 0.165). Conclusion After adjusting for surgical and patient complexity, adjuvant regional anesthesia versus general anesthesia alone was not associated with a greater incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in this multicenter cohort of non-cardiothoracic surgery patients.