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Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a common childhood disease which causes significant impairment in quality of life. The aim of the study is to assess the health-related quality of life and its relation to functional disability in JIA patients. Child health assessment questionnaire (CHAQ) and pediatrics quality of life 4 generic core questionnaire (PedsQL) were used to evaluate functional disability and health-related quality of life. Results CHAQ (VAS) of JIA patients ranged from 0 to 9 with a mean of 3.64 ± 2.9 (SD), and of controls ranged from 0 to 4 with a mean of 1.32 ± 1.3 (SD) with a statistically significant difference and a p value of 0.001. CHAQ-disability index (DI) of the cases ranged from 0 to 3 with a mean of 1.06 ± 0.9 (SD) and of controls was consistent = 0. Pediatric quality of life (PedsQL) among cases ranged from 26.08 to 91.3 with a mean of 67.95 ± 19.2 (SD) and among controls ranged from 78.27 to 100 with a mean of 90.73 ± 7.7 (SD) showing statistically significant difference with a p value < 0.001. Childhood health assessment questionnaire (CHAQ) scores were significantly higher among studied females with JIA as compared with males. The mean CHAQ-DI scores were 4.56 ± 2.7 vs. 1.29 ± 2.6 in females and males respectively with a significant p value of 0.002. The mean CHAQ-(VAS) scores were 1.38 ± 0.8 vs. 0.23 ± 0.3 in females and males respectively with a significant p value of 0.016. Pediatric quality of life (PedsQL) scores were significantly higher among studied males with JIA as compared with studied females. The childhood health assessment questionnaire (CHAQ) was negatively correlated with all (physical, emotional, social, and school) items of the pediatric quality of life (PedsQL) ( p < 0.001). Conclusion We found a significant impairment in the functional ability and health-related quality of life in patients with JIA compared to healthy children, with more impairment in females than males. CHAQ was negatively correlated with all items of PedsQL.

Lately, children's daily consumption of some products, such as cereals and candies, has been rising, which provides a compelling rationale for determining any metallic substances that may be present. Monitoring the concentration of certain metals, like nickel, in these products is necessary due to medical issues in humans when consumed regularly. So, in this work, a novel and highly selective carbon paste as a Ni(II) ion-selective sensor was prepared and investigated using ceramic magnesium aluminum spinel nanoparticles as the ionophore and tritolyl phosphate (TOCP) as a plasticizer. A modified co-precipitation method was used to synthesize the spinel nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope with EDAX, transmission electron microscope, and BET surface area were used to determine the phase composition, microstructure, pores size, particle size, and surface area of the synthesized nanoparticles. The spinel nanoparticle was found to have a nano crystallite size with a cubic crystal system, a particle size ranging from 17.2 to 51.52 nm, mesoporous nature (average pore size = 8.72 nm), and a large surface area (61.75 m 2 /g). The composition ratio of graphite carbon as a base: TOCP as binder: spinal as ionophore was 67.3:30.0:2.7 (wt%) based on potentiometric detections over concentrations from 5.0 × 10 −8 to 1.0 × 10 −2  mol L −1 with LOD of 5.0 × 10 −8  mol L −1 . A measurement of 29.22 ± 0.12 mV decade −1 over pH 2.0–7.0 was made for the Nernstian slope. This sensor demonstrated good repeatability over nine weeks and a rapid response of 8 s. A good selectivity was shown for Ni(II) ions across many interferents, tri-, di-, and monovalent cations. The Ni(II) content in spiked real samples, including cocaine, sweets, coca, chocolate, carbonated drinks, cereals, and packages, were measured. The results obtained indicated no significant difference between the proposed potentiometric method and the officially reported ICP method according to the F- and t-test data. In addition to utilizing ANOVA statistical analysis, validation procedures have been implemented, and the results exceed the ICP-MS methodology.

This study presents a novel approach by batch adsorption method for the removal of Rhodochrome (Kammererite) from wastewater via a sustainable, environmentally friendly, natural-dependent synthesis to produce Ni/MOF/tea-magnetite nanoparticles as adsorbent. No approach for the elimination of this category of chlorite was discussed using the adsorption batch method, which is highly efficient in relation to cost and time, as well as being rapid and environmentally benign. The study will also consider pH, nanoparticle dose, dye concentration, agitation speed, temperature, and contact time to evaluate how this influence removal efficiency, as well as isotherms, kinetics, and nanoparticle reusability as a cost-saving strategy. The morphology and microstructure of the adsorbent material were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, zeta potential measurement, and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The optimum removal parameters were pH 8, a duration of 5 min at 600 rpm, and 0.07 g of nanoparticles, resulting in a clearance rate of 93%. Moreover, it was shown that the material may be utilized for three cycles with a clearing rate of 85%. The adsorption process can be conducted without modifying the temperature. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics studied was evaluated using the different kinetics study, Langmuir, Freundlich, DKR, and Temkin models. The removal procedure was determined to comply with the Temkin model and pseudo second order reaction.

In the present day, water treatment has emerged as a significant global concern, particularly due to the proliferation of pollution sources. The utilization of dyes, such as Evans blue, in several industries is among the most significant contributors to these pollutants. Forsterite nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel technique and calcined at different temperatures to determine the optimum temperature at which pure nanoforsterite was obtained. Then, it was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) , contact angle, and zero-point charge. The adsorption capability of forsterite nanoparticles (Nps) was evaluated by a batch adsorption experimental method to remove Evans blue dye (EBD). Parameters such as agitation speed, dosage of forsterite Nps, pH, and contact time were considered at ambient temperature. At pH = 3, dose of Nps = 1 g/L, and 600 rpm within 10 min, the results indicated a removal rate of around 100%. Furthermore, it was shown that the material may be employed for 3 cycles with a removal rate of 90%. Multiple kinetic and isotherm models, including Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich models, were used to analyze the results and clarify the mechanism of the adsorption phenomena. The findings from the isotherm and kinetic studies indicated that the system conforms to Langmuir and pseudo-second-order, respectively.

The swift rise of hazardous dye effluent from diverse sectors continues to be a severe public health problem and a top priority for environmental preservation, presenting a significant obstacle to the current conventional water treatment systems. This study aims to develop an efficient and reusable approach for removing cresyl fast violet dye using mullite nanoparticles. Some factors such as pH, nano-mullite dosage, agitation speed, time, and others that affect the removal process were studied. The mullite nanoparticles’ shape, particle size, pore diameters, and crystal phase structure are characterized using many techniques such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Contact angle, Zeta potential, scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The optimal conditions were pH 7 and 600 rpm for 30 min at room temperature. Using statistical programs such as ANOVA and Design Expert, the dye removal parameters were modeled and optimized, where the removal percentage was about 99%. In addition, the experimental elimination process exceeded 90% after just 10 min. Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Kaganer-Raduskevich (DKR), and Temkin isotherm equations were examined to find the adsorption isotherm. The experimental data fits the pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic investigations confirmed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The nano-mullite was employed for the removal process, and its recycling ability supports its economic benefits. It was found that the high percentage of elimination remained consistent for more than 3 cycles.

Magnesium silicate nanoparticles were found to be an effective adsorbent for aniline blue dye from wastewater. Using the sol-gel technique, magnesium silicate nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Aniline blue removal was done at room temperature, pH 4, and a dosage of 3 g/L was about 99% in the first 30 min. Magnesium silicate can also be used for four cycles to adsorb Aniline blue dye without the need for disposal, which supports the principle of recycling. Response surface methodology was used for statistical analysis to investigate the impact of the factors. By studying the isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics, it became clear that the adsorption process involves a physical interaction that adheres to the Freundlich isotherm, follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, with the boundary layer (film) diffusion identified as the rate-determining step. The process is endothermic and spontaneous. Magnesium silicate nanoparticles were successfully used to remove dye contaminants from various actual water samples. The material’s reliability and potential for real-world environmental applications were demonstrated by the high efficiency and consistent adsorption results across multiple sample types.

High dosages of oxytrol induce chronic as well as acute toxicity such as hallucination, irregular heartbeat, hoarseness, and coma. This study focused on novel PVC-printed polymer sensors and graphene sensors, which were synthesized to increase the surface area and sensitivity for oxytrol active material assessment. To evaluate the surface sensor structure, morphology, and elemental composition, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were performed before and after measurement. At 25 ⁰C, the proposed printed-sensors operated efficiently throughout a wide concentration range of 1.0 × 10 −7 –1.0 × 10 −2  mol L -1 response of 59 mV decade -1 with LOD of 5.0 × 10 –8 M but carbon paste shows a slope of 58.98 mV decade -1 with LOD of 1.0 × 10 –7 M. This response was over pH 2.5–7.5 within 7s and 8s for PVC-printed and carbon past respectively. The PVC printed sensors showed a lifetime of 70 days with acceptable repeatability using ANOVA single value. The proposed sensors exhibited strong selectivity towards oxytrol (I) ion over various valent-cations, including K(I), Cr(III), Mn(II), and other transition metals, as well as some sugars. The assessment of oxytrol achieved a high accuracy of 97.94–99.72% via the standard addition and calibration method. Additionally, comprise its concentration in samples, including canned drinks such as Coca-Cola, and natural juices like apple, berry, and pomegranate, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) outcomes and proposed method. The recovery percentages ranged from 98.00 to 99.27%, with satisfactory low standard and relative standard deviation values < 5, via statistical ANOVA, Design Expert for producing an ideal model with other parameters.

Modeling using statistical methods as ANOVA and design expert help in predicting, improving, and perfecting a system’s behavior by integration between all experimental data and different parameters, in addition to it doesn’t consume time or materials as the other techniques statistically independence. It investigates the adsorption effectiveness of mullite nanoparticles (MNPs) in removing methyl red dye (acid red 2) as azo benzene derivative dye. Many parameters as pH, dose, contact duration, and dye concentration were studied. The crystal structure, morphology, nanoscale and surface area of the adsorbent MNPs material were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and transmission electron microscopy methods. The adsorbent had high crystallinity with particles size of 5 to 25 nm and an average equal 12.3 nm. In addition, it had mesoporous characteristics with high surface area (an average pore size of 7.224 nm, 93.71 m 2 /g of surface area, and 0.426 cm 3 /g of pore volume). Its contact angle is 115.3, which explains its hydrophobic character. By using a dosage of 0.05 g at pH 4, for 10 min and 800 rpm, more than 99% removal was achieved. Application of the adsorption isotherm and Kinetics, it follows pseudo-2nd order and the DKR isotherm of the removal procedure.

Recycling waste material into new products considered as a critical issue as it is cost-effective, and eco-friendly process. The basic material employed here for the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) from the waste shrimp shells. Magnesium aluminates spinel (MAS) transparent ceramics doped with Ni 2+ and Tb 3+ ions synthesized through Sol-gel auto-combustion process is added. Mixing MAS and CS-NPs in varying ratios MAS/CS-NPs (1:9, 3:7, and 5:5), and then characterizing the resulting powder using X-ray diffraction and Transmission electron microscopy and BET surface area. The analysis reveals that the synthesized materials have high crystallinity with particle sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm and mesoporous character with large surface area. Batch adsorption experimental technique was used to assess the adsorption capacity of the MAS/CS-NPs nanoparticles to adsorb 2,4- Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP). At room temperature, variables such as contact time, pH, agitation rate, and MAS/CS-NP dose were taken into account. A clearance rate of about 91.3% was shown by the data at pH = 4, Nps dose = 0.03 g/L, and 200 rpm for 45 min. Moreover, it was established that the material could be used for three cycles with an 85% clearance rate. Analysis of the isotherms and kinetics revealed that the adsorption process entails a physical interaction consistent with the Temkin isotherm and conforms to pseudo-second-order kinetics, with diffusion boundary layer the rate-limiting phase.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, there have been concerns related to the preparedness of healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to describe the level of awareness and preparedness of hospital HCWs at the time of the first wave. This multinational, multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted among hospital HCWs from February to May 2020. We used a hierarchical logistic regression multivariate analysis to adjust the influence of variables based on awareness and preparedness. We then used association rule mining to identify relationships between HCW confidence in handling suspected COVID-19 patients and prior COVID-19 case-management training. We surveyed 24,653 HCWs from 371 hospitals across 57 countries and received 17,302 responses from 70.2% HCWs overall. The median COVID-19 preparedness score was 11.0 (interquartile range [IQR] = 6.0-14.0) and the median awareness score was 29.6 (IQR = 26.6-32.6). HCWs at COVID-19 designated facilities with previous outbreak experience, or HCWs who were trained for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, had significantly higher levels of preparedness and awareness (p<0.001). Association rule mining suggests that nurses and doctors who had a 'great-extent-of-confidence' in handling suspected COVID-19 patients had participated in COVID-19 training courses. Male participants (mean difference = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.46; p<0.001) and nurses (mean difference = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.53, 0.81; p<0.001) had higher preparedness scores compared to women participants and doctors. There was an unsurprising high level of awareness and preparedness among HCWs who participated in COVID-19 training courses. However, disparity existed along the lines of gender and type of HCW. It is unknown whether the difference in COVID-19 preparedness that we detected early in the pandemic may have translated into disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 burden of disease by gender or HCW type.