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The synergistic impact of waste slag and recycled steel fiber on high‐strength concrete (HSC) has been needed to produce eco‐friendly concrete in recent times. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the combined effects of waste slag and recycled steel fiber on the fresh, mechanical, and durability properties of HSC. Waste steel fibers (60 mm × 0.9 mm) were incorporated at 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75% by volume, levels selected based on practical ranges reported in literature and allowing evaluation of performance across incremental fiber additions, while slag replaced 15% and 30% of the cement by weight in the concrete mixes. Experiments assessed the workability, Kelly ball penetration, density, and compacting factor of fresh concrete, while mechanical characteristics (compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strengths) were evaluated at 7, 28, and 90 days, and durability performance was tested through rapid chloride penetration, water absorption, sorptivity, and electric resistivity. Therefore, artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF) were used as machine learning (ML) methodologies to predict the strengths of concrete. This research also explored the compressive strength to compare the nondestructive test with the destructive test results at 28‐ and 90‐day periods. The experimental outcome revealed that incorporating slag improved fresh workability (higher slump and compacting factor), while steel fibers slightly reduced it due to the interlocking effect. Additionally, the introduction of 30% slag and 0.75% steel fiber into HSC led to substantial improvements in compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths compared to the reference mix after 90 days. At 90 days, slag and steel fiber mixes showed up to 23% lower water penetration and slag‐only mixes achieved up to 82% higher electrical resistivity than the control, confirming improved durability. The SEM analysis of slag‐based concrete mixes revealed a denser and more homogeneous microstructure with reduced porosity, which correlates with the observed improvements in compressive strength, tensile strength, and durability performance. Building on these experimental insights, predictive modeling was performed, where the RF model showed better results than the ANN model for all three strength properties, with higher R 2 values (0.994, 0.992, and 0.996) compared to ANN (0.971, 0.932, and 0.948) and lower errors in terms of mean square error (MSE), root MSE (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) than ANN.

Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the thrombolytic, antioxidant and analgesic activity of plant extract of Rudbeckia hirta, a medicinal plant of Asteraceae family. Materials and Methods: For thrombolytic activity, a standard in vitro method was applied. Antioxidant activity was measured by employing method of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) or Folin's phenol reagent or Folin-Denis reagent, also called the gallic acid equivalence method (GAE) in which the total phenolic content of methanol extract was determined. Analgesic potential of the methanolic extract was tested using the model of acetic acid induced writhing in mice. Results: The thrombolytic activity measured by a standard method revealed that this plant extract has a dose dependent thrombolytic activity. GAE method showed that the total phenolic content of methanol extract of Rudbeckia hirta was 24.56 mg of GAE/gm of extract. The analgesic activities of the plant extract were significant (p< 0.05) at the dose of 500 mg/kg-body weight in comparison with control animals; however, the activity was less than that of diclofenac Na (standard). Conclusion: Methanolic extract of Rudbeckia hirta leaves have moderate thrombolytic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Hevea brasiliensis, a plant belonging family Euphorbiaceae. In Brazil this plant is not only use for medicinal purpose but also for cosmetics purpose. The present study was aimed to study analgesic and antidiarrheal activity of methanol extract of Hevea brasiliensis. Analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid- induced writhing method and antidiarrheal by gastrointestinal motility method (charcoal meal test) in mice. Phytochemical evaluation was carried out by qualitative analysis. For analgesic evaluation, the extract (250 mg and 500 mg) showed significant activity compared to control diclofenac Na. On the other hand, for antidiarrheal activity the extract (250 mg and 500 mg) significantly reduce charcoal propulsion. The phytochemical evaluation showed significant presence of Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Glycosides, Saponins, Phytosterols, Proteins and amino acids, Fats & fixed oils. It's concluded that the extract possesses both analgesic and antidiarrheal activity and containing wide range of phytochemicals.

An ideal n-i-p perovskite solar cell employing a Pb free CH3NH3SnI3 absorber layer was suggested and modelled. A comparative study for different electron transport materials has been performed for three devices keeping CuO hole transport material (HTL) constant. SCAPS-1D numerical simulator is used to quantify the effects of amphoteric defect based on CH3NH3SnI3 absorber layer and the interface characteristics of both the electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL). The study demonstrates that amphoteric defects in the absorber layer impact device performance significantly more than interface defects (IDL). The cell performed best at room temperature. Due to a reduction in Voc, PCE decreases with temperature. Defect tolerance limit for IL1 is 1013 cm−3, 1016 cm−3 and 1012 cm−3 for structures 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The defect tolerance limit for IL2 is 1014 cm−3. With the proposed device structure FTO/PCBM/CH3NH3SnI3/CuO shows the maximum efficiency of 25.45% (Voc = 0.97 V, Jsc = 35.19 mA/cm2, FF = 74.38%), for the structure FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3SnI3/CuO the best PCE is obtained 26.92% (Voc = 0.99 V, Jsc = 36.81 mA/cm2, FF = 73.80%) and device structure of FTO/WO3/CH3NH3SnI3/CuO gives the maximum efficiency 24.57% (Voc = 0.90 V, Jsc = 36.73 mA/cm2, FF = 74.93%) under optimum conditions. Compared to others, the FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3SnI3/CuO system provides better performance and better defect tolerance capacity.

Metal halide perovskites are regarded as promising photovoltaic candidates in the solar industry due to their high photon-to-current conversion efficiency, outstanding processability, chemical characteristics, and cost-effectiveness. However, their stability is a major concern for large-scale applications. Recently, potential-induced performance degradation (PID) has arisen as a prevalent risk that affects the lifetime of photovoltaics resulting from negative bias and adverse environmental conditions. Throughout this study, the influence of PID on four perovskite (MAPbI3, CsPbI3, CsGeI3, and CsSnI3) device structures is demonstrated, and the device performance is evaluated using SCAPS-1D. Intrinsic defects of different scales in the absorber layer are incorporated to trigger the PID effect, and its impact on different PSCs is examined. Additionally, quantum efficiency and impact on band energy are also investigated. The results reveal that the CsPbI3-based solar cell has the highest defect tolerance limit of 1 × 1017 cm−3. The study further reveals that under PID, FTO/TiO2/CsPbI3/NiO/Au shows better stability than other structures, with power conversion efficiency of 18.13%.

In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the instability concern and complex synthesis process of organic hole transport layers (HTL) have led researchers to focus on widely available inorganic NiO x as an effective alternative. Herein, an eco-friendly and cost-effective green synthesis method has been implemented to fabricate the NiO x thin film using aloe vera (AV) leaf extract as a complexing agent and the effect of different calcination temperatures (300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C) on the film’s properties have been thoroughly studied. XRD analysis has shown improved crystallinity in the films that were calcined at higher temperatures. Both Raman spectroscopy and EDX analysis have revealed the presence of low carbon content in all deposited thin films. The film calcined at 300 °C has shown the most favorable morphology that has been confirmed from the FESEM images. The band gap of the films has been shifted from 3.83 eV to 3.73 eV as the calcination temperature increased. Upon electrical characterizations, the film calcined at 500 °C has demonstrated the highest hole mobility (20.3 cm²/Vs). The results from numerical simulation have indicated that the PSC employing the NiO x HTL calcined at 500 °C exhibits the highest PCE, V oc and FF values of 16.04%, 1.70 V and 67.35%, respectively, while the film calcined at 300 °C results the highest J sc (14.95 mA/cm²). Highlights Green sol-gel synthesis of NiO x thin film with aloe vera extract. Effect of calcination temperatures on optoelectronic properties. Film fabricated at 300 °C shows the best morphology. Numerical simulation with green synthesised NiO x HTL gives 16.04% efficiency.

Although perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have captured notable interest as a potential candidate for third-generation solar cells, due to their favorable optoelectronic properties, cost-effectiveness, and high efficiency, some issues related to device stability and toxicity of the perovskite (PSK) layer hinders the commercial viability of PSCs. The inherent instability of organic PSK halides and the toxicity of Pb has compelled researchers to focus on developing Pb-free all-inorganic PSCs by replacing the organic species with inorganic (Cs+) cations as a safer alternative. In this study, the SCAPS-1D simulator was employed to investigate the cell performances of all-inorganic Pb-free Cs-based PSCs with three different PSK layers (CsGeI3, CsSnI3, and Cs2TiI6) individually, where inorganic ZnO and CuSCN were used as the electron transport layer (ETL) and the hole transport layer (HTL), respectively. The Cs2TiI6-based PSC was found to have the best performance. Then, the defect tolerance level of the PSK layer and the impact of band offset on cell performances were investigated. The optimum values of the conduction band offset (CBO) and the valence band offset (VBO) were found to be 0 eV and between − 0.1 eV and 0 eV, respectively. Moreover, the effect of interface defects at the ETL/PSK and PSK/HTL interfaces on cell performance was also analyzed as a function of CBO and VBO and, for both cases, the interface defect tolerance limit was recorded as 1016 cm−2. This study observed a high rate of recombination for negative values of CBO and VBO at the interfaces. Thus, these findings will guide researchers in developing high-performance PSCs with suitable inorganic Pb-free perovskite and charge transport layers.

Field hockey is an Olympic sport played all over the world. Hockey is played with a stick where one requires endurance, agility, balance coordination, and high skill to convert the shot. There are various kinds of skills i.e. hitting, dribbling, scooping, tackling etc. Only scoop was selected for the study in different phases (stance phase, execution phase, follow through phase). Field hockey scoop is the aerial passing by lifting the ball from the ground inserting head of hockey stick under the ball. Scoop plays vital role in competitive field hockey games. The aim of the study was to find out the kinematic difference in the elbow joint, knee joint, and ankle joint. The objective of the study was to find out the angular differences of elbow joint, knee joint, and ankle joint in different phases of delivery of field hockey scoop shot. Researchers hypothesised that there are significance differences in elbow joint angle, knee joint angle, and ankle joint angle during delivering of field hockey scoop shot. Six males inter university players aged from 20-24 years were selected for the study and at least they represented at inter university games /national level. Set of the camera is at 1.10 m in height and 3.70 meters. The focal length is 5.6, the resolution is 1080, and the frame rate is 100 per sec. A Sony FRD-AX700 camera was placed 3.7 meters apart on the right side of the hockey player. Angle of elbow joint, angle of knee joint, angle ankle joint, cadence, stride length, and numbers of frames were analysed using Kinovea 0.9.5 software. This research will help the players to execute scoop after knowing elbow joint angle, knee joint angle, and ankle joint angle. El hockey sobre césped es un deporte olímpico que se practica en todo el mundo. El hockey se juega con un palo y se requiere resistencia, agilidad, coordinación del equilibrio y gran habilidad para convertir el tiro. Hay varios tipos de habilidades, es decir, golpear, driblar, recoger, taclear, etc. Solo se seleccionó la cuchara para el estudio en diferentes fases (fase de postura, fase de ejecución, fase de seguimiento). La pala de hockey sobre césped es el pase aéreo levantando la pelota del suelo insertando la cabeza del palo de hockey debajo de la pelota. Scoop juega un papel vital en los juegos competitivos de hockey sobre césped. El objetivo del estudio fue descubrir la diferencia cinemática en la articulación del codo, la rodilla y el tobillo. El objetivo del estudio fue descubrir las diferencias angulares de la articulación del codo, la rodilla y el tobillo en diferentes fases del lanzamiento del golpe de pala de hockey sobre césped. Los investigadores plantearon la hipótesis de que existen diferencias significativas en el ángulo de la articulación del codo, el ángulo de la articulación de la rodilla y el ángulo de la articulación del tobillo durante el lanzamiento del golpe de pala de hockey sobre césped. Se seleccionaron para el estudio seis jugadores masculinos interuniversitarios de edades comprendidas entre 20 y 24 años y que al menos representaban en juegos interuniversitarios a nivel nacional. El conjunto de la cámara se encuentra a 1,10 m de altura y 3,70 metros. La distancia focal es 5,6, la resolución es 1080 y la velocidad de fotogramas es 100 por segundo. Se colocó una cámara Sony FRD-AX700 a 3,7 metros de distancia en el lado derecho del jugador de hockey. El ángulo de la articulación del codo, el ángulo de la articulación de la rodilla, el ángulo de la articulación del tobillo, la cadencia, la longitud de la zancada y el número de fotogramas se analizaron utilizando el software Kinovea 0.9.5. Esta investigación ayudará a los jugadores a ejecutar la pala después de conocer el ángulo de la articulación del codo, el ángulo de la articulación de la rodilla y el ángulo de la articulación del tobillo.

Field hockey is an Olympic sport played all over the world. Hockey is played with a stick where one requires endurance, agility, balance coordination, and high skill to convert the shot. There are various kinds of skills i.e. hitting, dribbling, scooping, tackling etc. Only scoop was selected for the study in different phases (stance phase, execution phase, follow through phase). Field hockey scoop is the aerial passing by lifting the ball from the ground inserting head of hockey stick under the ball. Scoop plays vital role in competitive field hockey games.  The aim of the study was to find out the kinematic difference in the elbow joint, knee joint, and ankle joint. The objective of the study was to find out the angular differences of elbow joint, knee joint, and ankle joint in different phases of delivery of field hockey scoop shot. Researchers hypothesised that there are significance differences in elbow joint angle, knee joint angle, and ankle joint angle during delivering of field hockey scoop shot. Six males inter university players aged from 20-24 years were selected for the study and at least they represented at inter university games /national level. Set of the camera is at 1.10 m in height and 3.70 meters. The focal length is 5.6, the resolution is 1080, and the frame rate is 100 per sec. A Sony FRD-AX700 camera was placed 3.7 meters apart on the right side of the hockey player. Angle of elbow joint, angle of knee joint, angle ankle joint, cadence, stride length, and numbers of frames were analysed using Kinovea 0.9.5 software. This research will help the players to execute scoop after knowing elbow joint angle, knee joint angle, and ankle joint angle. Key Words: Field Hockey, Scoop, Elbow, Ankle, Knee.