Explore the vast range of titles available.

The present study investigated whether satisfaction and frustration of the psychological needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence, as identified within Basic Psychological Need Theory (BPNT; Deci and Ryan, Psychol Inquiry 11:227–268, 2000 ; Ryan and Deci, Psychol Inquiry 11:319–338, 2000 ), contributes to participants’ well-being and ill-being, regardless of their cultural background and interpersonal differences in need strength, as indexed by either need valuation (i.e., the stated importance of the need to the person) or need desire (i.e., the desire to get a need met). In Study 1, involving late adolescents from Belgium and China (total N  = 685; Mean age = 17 years), autonomy and competence satisfaction had unique associations with well-being and individual differences in need valuation did not moderate these associations. Study 2 involved participants from four culturally diverse nations (Belgium, China, USA, and Peru; total N  = 1,051; Mean age = 20 years). Results provided evidence for the measurement equivalence of an adapted scale tapping into both need satisfaction and need frustration. Satisfaction of each of the three needs was found to contribute uniquely to the prediction of well-being, whereas frustration of each of the three needs contributed uniquely to the prediction of ill-being. Consistent with Study 1, the effects of need satisfaction and need frustration were found to be equivalent across the four countries and were not moderated by individual differences in the desire for need satisfaction. These findings underscore BPNT’s universality claim, which states that the satisfaction of basic needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence represent essential nutrients for optimal functioning across cultures and across individual differences in need strength.

Background Long-term stretching of human skeletal muscles increases joint range of motion through altered stretch perception and decreased resistance to stretch. There is also some evidence that stretching induces changes in muscle morphology. However, research is limited and inconclusive. Objective To examine the effect of static stretching training on muscle architecture (i.e., fascicle length and fascicle angle, muscle thickness and cross-sectional area) in healthy participants. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods PubMed Central, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus were searched. Randomized controlled trials and controlled trials without randomization were included. No restrictions on language or date of publication were applied. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB2 and ROBINS-I tools. Subgroup analyses and random-effects meta-regressions were also performed using total stretching volume and intensity as covariates. Quality of evidence was determined by GRADE analysis. Results From the 2946 records retrieved, 19 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis (n = 467 participants). Risk of bias was low in 83.9% of all criteria. Confidence in cumulative evidence was high. Stretching training induces trivial increases in fascicle length at rest (SMD = 0.17; 95% CI 0.01–0.33; p  = 0.042) and small increases in fascicle length during stretching (SMD = 0.39; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.74; p  = 0.026). No increases were observed in fascicle angle or muscle thickness ( p  = 0.30 and p  = 0.18, respectively). Subgroup analyses showed that fascicle length increased when high stretching volumes were used ( p  < 0.004), while no changes were found for low stretching volumes ( p  = 0.60; subgroup difference: p  = 0.025). High stretching intensities induced fascicle length increases ( p  < 0.006), while low stretching intensities did not have an effect ( p  = 0.72; subgroup difference: p  = 0.042). Also, high intensity stretching resulted in increased muscle thickness ( p  = 0.021). Meta-regression analyses showed that longitudinal fascicle growth was positively associated with stretching volume ( p  < 0.02) and intensity ( p  < 0.04). Conclusions Static stretching training increases fascicle length at rest and during stretching in healthy participants. High, but not low, stretching volumes and intensities induce longitudinal fascicle growth, while high stretching intensities result in increased muscle thickness. Registration PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42021289884. Key Points Static stretching training induces trivial increases in fascicle length at rest and small increases in fascicle length during stretching. High, but not low, stretching volumes and intensities induce longitudinal fascicle growth. High stretching intensities result in increased muscle thickness. Fascicle angle remains unaffected by static stretching training.

Past research has shown that, while psychological control increases the risk for adolescents' antisocial behavior, maternal knowledge of adolescents' activities decreases this risk. Yet, research is somewhat inconclusive about the role of psychologically controlling parenting in parental knowledge. Also, the role of both predictors in prosocial behavior remains largely unknown. In this 1-year, multiinformant, prospective study, we investigated these issues by recruiting a sample of Turkish early adolescents (N = 229, M age = 11.89 years, SD = 0.32, 47.0% boys) and their mothers. After controlling for baseline adolescent-reported maternal knowledge, we found mother-reported psychological control to negatively predict adolescent-reported maternal knowledge 1 year later. In turn, maternal knowledge related negatively to antisocial behavior and positively to altruistic prosocial behavior (but not to instrumental prosocial behavior). These findings highlight the key role that maternal psychological control and knowledge can have in adolescents' social functioning.

The authors investigated the relation between social achievement goals (A. M. Ryan & S. S. Shim, 2006) and aspects of students' socio-emotional adjustment in a sample of elementary school students. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that after controlling for levels of prosocial skills, a social development goal was positively related to perceived belongingness and negatively related to perceptions of loneliness at school. In contrast, a social demonstration-avoid goal was positively associated with perceptions of loneliness, whereas a social demonstration-approach goal was negatively associated with peer acceptance. Last, prosocial skills were positively related to students' peer acceptance, which was negatively associated with feelings of loneliness. The results and their implications on students' school adjustment are discussed within the social achievement goal framework.

Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) – people’s intense concerns that they might miss pleasant moments that their peers may enjoy—has been found to relate to a variety of undesired outcomes, including poor academic functioning. Yet, little is known about why some students may exhibit more FoMO than others. In this cross-sectional study with a sample of Turkish adolescents ( N 1  = 506; 50.8% males; M age  = 15.8 years; SD  = 0.83), we examined to what extent intrinsic and extrinsic life goals for using social media predict FoMO over and above social anxiety. We found through path analyses that extrinsic goals of attaining popularity, garnering attention, and conveying a positive image of oneself to others related to FoMO which in turn related to lower grades by means of in-class distraction and out-of-class study interference. Taken together, the present results suggest that the goals that adolescents try to attain through social media use may explain why FoMO might be more prevalent in that age group.

In two short-term diary studies, conducted in an educational and a sport context, we investigated whether adolescents' domain-specific and situation-specific self-determined motivation, along with future time perspective, could explain intrapersonal variation of and interpersonal differences in psychological functioning. In both studies intrapersonal fluctuation of self-determined motivation related positively to desired outcomes, with perceived autonomy operating as a predictor of situation-specific self-determined motivation (Study 2). Moreover, in both Study 1 (N = 57 high-school students) and Study 2 (N = 63 athletes participating in a three-week basketball camp) we found interpersonal differences in domain-specific autonomous motivation and future time perspective to predict positively mean levels of most of the positive outcomes. These results underscore the key role of self-determined motivation and future time perspective in the prediction of psychological functioning and the importance of looking not only at the interpersonal differences but also at the underlying motivational dynamics operating at the within-person level.

Although parental psychological control has been found to be detrimental to children’s psychological functioning, less is known about the role of internal and external maternal and paternal psychological control in preschoolers’ socio-emotional development. In this cross-sectional, multi-informant study, we rely on the self-determination theory to examine the relations between internal (i.e., guilt induction) and external (i.e., constraining verbal expressions and erratic emotional behavior) mother-reported and father-reported psychological control and preschoolers’ ( N  = 136; 51.5% males; M age  = 5.53, SD  = 0.66 years) externalizing symptoms, internalizing symptoms, and social competence, as reported by their teachers. Regression analyses revealed unique relations between internal and external psychological control and preschoolers’ social-emotional adjustment. While external psychological control related negatively to preschoolers’ social competence and positively to anger-aggression, internal psychological control emerged as the unique predictor of anxiety-withdrawal. Importantly, the results indicated that these findings were consistent for both mothers and fathers. Our findings suggest that parental internal and external psychological control differentially relate to children’s socio-emotional adjustment in early childhood. Highlights This study distinguished between internal and external parental psychological control and examined their unique relations with preschoolers’ socio-emotional adjustment. Maternal and paternal internal and external psychological control differed in their relations with children’s socio-emotional functioning. The present findings add to recent research drawing attention to the need for investigating parental psychological control in a multidimensional fashion.

The high prevalence rates of problematic eating behaviors, such as binge eating symptoms, have urged researchers to investigate why and when control over eating behaviors is lost. The current study employs a daily diary methodology to examine whether the daily satisfaction and frustration of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, as conceptualized within Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000), is associated with daily binge eating symptoms. In a sample of female adolescents (N = 302, age = 14-23), daily fluctuations in need frustration were related to daily fluctuations in binge eating symptoms. Furthermore, frustration of all three needs yielded an independent association with binge eating symptoms. Apart from the main effects of low self-control strength and emotional eating, emotional eating served as a moderator of the link between need frustration and binge eating symptoms. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Although the association between interparental conflict and adolescent adjustment is well documented, the intervening mechanisms that explain this relationship are not fully understood. Guided by the spillover hypothesis and the self-determination theory, this study examined whether the associations among interparental conflict and adolescent depressive feelings and life satisfaction were explained by maternal autonomy support and, in turn, by adolescent need frustration. Participants were 925 Turkish adolescents ( M age  = 16.08 years, SD  = 0.31) and their mothers ( M age  = 41.43, SD  = 5.16). Results from path analysis showed that interparental conflict was related to lower maternal autonomy support, and in turn to higher adolescent need frustration. Greater need frustration, in turn, predicted higher adolescent depressive feelings and lower life satisfaction six months later. These findings suggested that conflictual parental relationships may predict adolescent adjustment through poor parenting and adolescent need frustration. The findings and related directions for future research are discussed in the context of self-determination theory and its role in advancing a process-oriented understanding of the familial and individual determinants of adolescent adjustment.

The literature on emotion regulation (ER) is vast and insightful, but little is known about the proactive regulation of positive emotions. Herein we coin the term emotion crafting (EC), which is defined as proactively aiming to strengthen one’s positive emotions through two sequential components: being aware of what can make one feel good (i.e., awareness component) and proactively engaging in behaviors to initiate, maintain, or increase positive emotions (i.e., action component). We present a self-report measure of EC [i.e., the Emotion Crafting Scale (ECS)] and provide details on its discriminant and concurrent validity. Data were collected among a sample of 326 Norwegian adults (49.7% female; Mage = 42.90 years, SD = 14.76) who were representative in terms of age (between 18 and 70), gender, and geographical location within Norway. Results yielded evidence for a 2-factor structure consisting of the components Awareness and Action, which related in an expected way to other measures of ER. Subsequent structural equation modeling showed that the awareness component related positively to indicators of well-being and negatively to internalizing symptoms via higher levels of EC action and positive affect, even after controlling for other measures of ER. These promising findings not only support favorable reliability and validity of the ECS, but also underscore the importance of examining proactive regulation of positive emotions as a potential predictor of mental health. Future research is needed to examine the etiological role of EC in individuals’ psychological functioning.