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This study consists in determining how changes in indirect taxation, particularly VAT, affect differently various groups of household consumption’s structure. To do so, a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) is applied to data from the 2000/2001 and 2013/2014 National Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys in order to estimate elasticities of demand for eight food groups and at the level of five household strata. Living standard differences of the diverse layers of the population make their preferences and reactions to economic shocks very different and change over time. It appears that Moroccan households tend to consume less vegetables and high-calorie products (sugars and cereals) and more fruit and protein-rich foods (meat, fish, fats, milk and dairy products). Moreover, the poorest households consume insufficient quantities of nutritious food products such as dairy products, fish and fruit in 2014, compared to 2001.It also shows that extending the scope of VAT to basic products, especially cereals, would affect Moroccan households’ consumption patterns, especially the poorest, for cereals as well as for other products rich in nutrients such as fish and fruit. يتمثل هذا العمل في تحديد كيفية تأثير ترتيبات الضرائب غير المباشرة، لا سيما الضريبة على القيمة المضافة، على هيكل استهلاك مختلف طبقات الأسر المغربية. و للقيام بذلك، قمنا بتطبيق نظام الطلب التربيعي الشبه مثالي \"QUAIDS\" باستعمال بيانات المسح الوطني لاستهلاك و إنفاق الأسر المغربية لسنوات 2001/2000 و 2014/2013، من أجل تقدير مرونة الطلب لثماني مجموعات غذائية من طرف مختلف طبقات الأسر. مع العلم أن اختيارات وردود أفعال هذه الأسر تجاه الصدمات الاقتصادية تختلف على حسب المستوى المعيشي و تتغير بمرور الزمن في الواقع، يبدو أن الأسر المغربية تميل إلى تقليل استهلاكها من الخضار و المنتجات الغنية بالسعرات الحرارية (السكريات و الحبوب) لصالح الرفع من استهلاكها منتجات كالفواكه و الأطعمة الغنية بالبروتينات (اللحوم و الأسماك و الدهون والحليب و مشتقاته). و بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تستهلك الأسر الفقيرة كميات غير كافية من المنتجات الغنية غذائيا كمنتجات الألبان و الأسماك والفواكه في عام 2014، على عكس عام 2001. كما يبدو أن توسيع نطاق الضريبة على القيمة المضافة على المنتجات الأساسية، و لا سيما الحبوب، من شأنه أن يؤثر على هيكل استهلاك الأسر المغربية، و خاصة الفقيرة منها، سواء بالنسبة للحبوب أو للمنتجات الأخرى الغنية غذائيا مثل الأسماك و الفواكه.

This study consists in determining how changes in indirect taxation, particularly VAT, affect differently various groups of household consumption's structure. To do so, a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) is applied to data from the 2000/2001 and 2013/2014 National Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys in order to estimate elasticities of demand for eight food groups and at the level of five household strata. Living standard differences of the diverse layers of the population make their preferences and reactions to economic shocks very different and change over time. It appears that Moroccan households tend to consume less vegetables and high-calorie products (sugars and cereals) and more fruit and protein-rich foods (meat, fish, fats, milk and dairy products). Moreover, the poorest households consume insufficient quantities of nutritious food products such as dairy products, fish and fruit in 2014, compared to 2001 It also shows that extending the scope of VAT to basic products, especially cereals, would affect Moroccan households' consumption patterns, especially the poorest, for cereals as well as for other products rich in nutrients such as fish and fruit.

Stroke is a growing public health concern in low- and middle- income countries. Improved knowledge about the association between socioeconomic status and stroke in these countries would enable the development of effective stroke prevention and management strategies. This study presents the association between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of stroke in Morocco, a lower middle-income country. Data on the prevalence of stroke and stroke-related risk factors were collected during a large population-based survey. The diagnosis of stroke in surviving patients was confirmed by neurologists while health, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics of households were collected using structured questionnaires. We used Multiple Correspondence Analysis to develop a wealth index based on characteristics of the household dwelling as well as ownership of selected assets. We used logistic regressions controlling for multiple variables to assess the statistical association between socioeconomic status and stroke. Our results showed a significant association between household socioeconomic status and the prevalence of stroke. This relationship was non-linear, with individuals from both the poorest (mainly rural) and richest (mainly urban) households having a lower prevalence of stroke as compared to individuals with medium wealth level. The latter belonged mainly to urban households with a lower socioeconomic status. When taking into account the urban population only, we observed that a third of poorest households experienced a significantly higher prevalence of stroke compared to the richest third (OR = 2.06; CI 95%: 1.09; 3.89). We conclude that individuals from the most deprived urban households bear a higher risk of stroke than the rest of the population in Morocco. This result can be explained to a certain extent by the higher presence of behavioral risk factors in this specific category of the population, which leads in turn to metabolic and physiological risk factors of stroke, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.