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This study investigates the geological controls on the seismic responses of gas-saturated sandstone reservoirs in offshore Australia. The targeted reservoirs belong to the Middle Jurassic Plover Formation, which comprises interbedded sandstone, mudstone, and coal deposited in a fluvial–deltaic environment. These reservoirs display significant and poorly understood variations in seismic amplitude responses, observed on stack sections both between proximal wells and across different reservoir intervals. Such inconsistencies introduce high uncertainty in lithology and fluid prediction. Amplitude Variation with Offset (AVO) analysis conducted on both synthetic and real seismic gathers reveals distinct AVO classes (I to IV) within the reservoirs. Rock physics analysis, supported by petrographic evidence and seismic inversion, demonstrates that these seismic expressions are primarily controlled by three key geological factors: (1) Variable lithology and thickness, particularly the occurrence of volcanic and siltstone interbeds acting as seals above certain reservoirs, which can shift the amplitude response from hard to soft; (2) Diagenetic alteration, including quartz cementation and chemical compaction, which stiffen the rock framework and modify AVO behavior; and (3) Depositional texture and grain-contact types, which vary laterally due to compartmentalizing faults. This study establishes a comprehensive interpretation framework where amplitude behavior serves as a diagnostic indicator of reservoir quality and connectivity. The proposed workflow and findings provide a valuable analog for de-risking amplitude-supported hydrocarbon prospects in similar fluvial–deltaic systems affected by diagenetic overprinting and structural complexity.

Natural plant extracts provide a cost-effective and eco-friendly option for the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles, as opposed to traditional chemical or physical methods. This research involved the bio-fabrication of silver-titanium dioxide bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag-TiO 2 BNPs) utilizing the leaf extract of Pluchea indica . The Ag-TiO 2 BNPs underwent characterization through UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, XRD, and DLS techniques. The UV-Vis spectroscopy results revealed an absorbance peak at 350 nm, which confirms the successful synthesis of Ag-TiO 2 BNPs. TEM observations revealed that the average diameter of the Ag-TiO 2 BNPs varied between 10 and 60 nm. The assessment of the anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant bioactivities of the biosynthesized Ag-TiO 2 BNPs was conducted. Results revealed that the IC50 of Ag-TiO 2 BNP against Wi-38 normal cell line was 169.6 µg/mL. Moreover, Ag-TiO 2 BNPs exhibited anticancer activity against MCF-7 cancerous cell line with an IC50 of 33.5 µg/mL. Furthermore, the produced Ag-TiO 2 BNPs exhibited antibacterial properties against a range of pathogenic bacterial strains, with MIC varying from 31.25 to 62.5 µg/mL. Additionally, Ag-TiO 2 BNPs showed antioxidant activity with IC50 225 µg/mL. In conclusion, Ag-TiO 2 BNPs was successfully biosynthesized using P. indica leaves, where it had anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens underscores the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, ten endophytic fungal isolates (Ls1–Ls10) were isolated for the first time from Lavandula stricta and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli , Klebsiella oxytoca , and Candida albicans . The most potent fungal isolate Ls1 was identified as Sarocladium kiliense using morphological and molecular techniques. Phytochemical analysis indicated that the S. kiliense extract is abundant in bioactive compounds, including phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The GC mass analysis proved the presence of 41 active compounds in the S. kiliense . Extract including; Benzene, (1-propylnonyl) (9.87%), Hexadecanoic acid (8.05%), Prostaglandin A1-biotin (6.77%), Docosene (6.69%), Octadecenoic acid (5.55%), and 1-Nonadecene (5.16%). The crude extract of S. kiliense showed outstanding anticancer activity against cancerous Hep-G2 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 of 31.7 and 49.8 µg/ml, respectively. This isolate exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 16.1 ± 0.1 mm to 35.5 mm. MICs varied between 62.5 and 250 µg/mL. S. kiliense exhibited antioxidant activity and antibiofilm activities. The S. kiliense extract demonstrated concentration-dependent antibiofilm activity. In conclusion, S. kiliense as a hopeful home of bioactive combinations with potent antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and antibiofilm activities, offering the potential for combating multidrug-resistant pathogens and therapeutic applications.

Background: Nephrolepis exaltata (sword fern) possesses a considerable amount of phytochemicals and different biological activities. The current study investigates the anti-biofilm potential of greenly synthesized bimetallic nanoparticles of Nephrolepis exaltata leaf methanol extract (NEME-MnO2-MgO BNPs). Methods: The NEME was subjected to UPLC/MS analysis, followed by characterization of its NPs by size, zeta potential, FTIR, entrapment efficiency, and release. Then, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antibiofilm assays were employed, followed by in silico studies. Results: The UPLC/MS analysis of NEME led to the tentative identification of 27 metabolites, mostly phenolics. The MnO2-MgO BNPs presented a uniform size and distribution and exhibited IC50 values of 350 and 215.6 μg/mL, in the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Moreover, the NPs exhibited antimicrobial and anti-biofilm efficacies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC-9633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-6538), Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and C. albicans, with MIC values of 250–500 μg/mL. The MnO2-MgO BNPs inhibited Candida albicans biofilms with a % inhibition of 66.83 ± 2.45% at 1/2 MIC. The network pharmacology highlighted epigallocatechin and hyperoside to be the major compounds responsible for the anti-biofilm potential. The ASKCOS facilitated the prediction of the redox transformations that occurred in the green synthesis, while the docking analysis revealed enhanced binding affinities of the oxidized forms of both compounds towards the outer membrane porin OprD of P. aeruginosa, with binding scores of −4.6547 and −5.7701 kcal/mol., respectively. Conclusions: The greenly synthesized Nephrolepis exaltata bimetallic nanoparticles may provide a promising, eco-friendly, and sustainable source for antimicrobial agents of natural origin with potential biofilm inhibition.

Detrital zircon U–Pb dating from the Muti Formation sheds light on sediment sources and foreland basin development along the northeastern Arabian margin during the Late Cretaceous. The siliciclastic-rich Muti Formation was deposited in a syn-obduction foreland basin that formed as the Semail Ophiolite advanced. Zircon age spectra from eastern (Nakhal and Sayga) and western (Murri) sections are dominated by Neoproterozoic–Cambrian ages (450–900 Ma), linked to the Pan-African orogeny and the Arabian–Nubian Shield, indicating these as the main sediment sources. The Murri section also contains older Mesoproterozoic to Archean zircons, likely recycled from the Nafun Group (part of the Huqf Supergroup), suggesting reworking of ancient Gondwanan cover sequences rather than direct input from the Indian craton. Additional Permian zircons reflect input from Arabian Plate magmatic rocks, while Jurassic–Cretaceous grains indicate material derived from the Semail Ophiolite and related arc terranes. Overall, the Muti Formation records a mixed sediment supply from the Arabian Shield, reworked Gondwanan sandstones, and ophiolitic detritus, marking the transition from a passive margin to a flexural foreland basin. The dominance of Pan-African zircon ages highlights continued recycling of Gondwanan sequences and refines models of Late Cretaceous basin evolution in northern Oman, underscoring the complex, multi-cycle nature of sedimentation in this tectonically active setting.

Background : Nephrolepis exaltata (sword fern) possesses a considerable amount of phytochemicals and different biological activities. The current study investigates the anti-biofilm potential of greenly synthesized bimetallic nanoparticles of Nephrolepis exaltata leaf methanol extract (NEME-MnO[sub.2] -MgO BNPs). Methods : The NEME was subjected to UPLC/MS analysis, followed by characterization of its NPs by size, zeta potential, FTIR, entrapment efficiency, and release. Then, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antibiofilm assays were employed, followed by in silico studies. Results : The UPLC/MS analysis of NEME led to the tentative identification of 27 metabolites, mostly phenolics. The MnO[sub.2] -MgO BNPs presented a uniform size and distribution and exhibited IC[sub.50] values of 350 and 215.6 μg/mL, in the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Moreover, the NPs exhibited antimicrobial and anti-biofilm efficacies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC-9633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-6538), Escherichia coli , Bacillus cereus , and C. albicans , with MIC values of 250–500 μg/mL. The MnO[sub.2] -MgO BNPs inhibited Candida albicans biofilms with a % inhibition of 66.83 ± 2.45% at 1/2 MIC. The network pharmacology highlighted epigallocatechin and hyperoside to be the major compounds responsible for the anti-biofilm potential. The ASKCOS facilitated the prediction of the redox transformations that occurred in the green synthesis, while the docking analysis revealed enhanced binding affinities of the oxidized forms of both compounds towards the outer membrane porin OprD of P. aeruginosa , with binding scores of −4.6547 and −5.7701 kcal/mol., respectively. Conclusions : The greenly synthesized Nephrolepis exaltata bimetallic nanoparticles may provide a promising, eco-friendly, and sustainable source for antimicrobial agents of natural origin with potential biofilm inhibition.

: (sword fern) possesses a considerable amount of phytochemicals and different biological activities. The current study investigates the anti-biofilm potential of greenly synthesized bimetallic nanoparticles of leaf methanol extract (NEME-MnO -MgO BNPs). : The NEME was subjected to UPLC/MS analysis, followed by characterization of its NPs by size, zeta potential, FTIR, entrapment efficiency, and release. Then, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antibiofilm assays were employed, followed by in silico studies. : The UPLC/MS analysis of NEME led to the tentative identification of 27 metabolites, mostly phenolics. The MnO -MgO BNPs presented a uniform size and distribution and exhibited IC values of 350 and 215.6 μg/mL, in the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Moreover, the NPs exhibited antimicrobial and anti-biofilm efficacies against , (ATCC-9633), (ATCC-6538), , , and , with MIC values of 250-500 μg/mL. The MnO -MgO BNPs inhibited biofilms with a % inhibition of 66.83 ± 2.45% at 1/2 MIC. The network pharmacology highlighted epigallocatechin and hyperoside to be the major compounds responsible for the anti-biofilm potential. The ASKCOS facilitated the prediction of the redox transformations that occurred in the green synthesis, while the docking analysis revealed enhanced binding affinities of the oxidized forms of both compounds towards the outer membrane porin OprD of , with binding scores of -4.6547 and -5.7701 kcal/mol., respectively. : The greenly synthesized bimetallic nanoparticles may provide a promising, eco-friendly, and sustainable source for antimicrobial agents of natural origin with potential biofilm inhibition.

This paper presents a comprehensive lithofacies and microfacies analysis of the exposed Cenozoic (Late Paleocene to Early Eocene) Upper Jafnayn Formation in the Jafnayn area, Northern Oman. The study meticulously documents the color, lithology, grain composition, bed thickness, types, and nature of bed contacts and fossil content of the formation. Over 85 fresh rock samples from various lithofacies were collected for this analysis. The samples were treated with blue epoxy, thin-sectioned, and half-stained with potassium ferricyanide and alizarin red to aid in mineralogical identification. To accurately determine microfacies, quantify components, reconstruct origins, and build a depositional model for the Upper Jafnayn Formation, 300 points were counted per thin section using a point-counting method. This analysis identified five distinct facies and 16 microfacies, with ten containing quartz grains and six lacking quartz sand. The microfacies provide insights into the depositional environments of the Upper Jafnayn Formation: four represent backshoal conditions, seven indicate shoal environments, three correspond to foreshoal settings, and two exhibit characteristics overlapping between backshoal and foreshoal environments. The presence of Alveolinid foraminifera, red algae, and occasional coarse coral debris within the cleaner limestone sections further characterizes the formation. The diverse lithofacies and microfacies of the Upper Jafnayn Formation reveal a dynamic interplay between high-energy and low-energy depositional environments, influenced by sea level fluctuations. This comprehensive understanding of the formation’s depositional history is crucial for research teams aiming to identify potential hydrocarbon traps and reservoirs in the region.

Frequent applications of synthetic insecticides might cause environmental pollution due to the high residue. In addition, increasing insecticide resistance in many insect pests requires novel pest control methods. Nanotechnology could be a promising field of modern agriculture, and is receiving considerable attention in the development of novel nano-agrochemicals, such as nanoinsectticides and nanofertilizers. This study assessed the effects of the lethal and sublethal concentrations of chlorantraniliprole, thiocyclam, and their nano-forms on the development, reproductive activity, oxidative stress enzyme activity, and DNA changes in the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon , at the molecular level. The results revealed that A . ipsilon larvae were more susceptible to the nano-forms than the regular forms of both nano chlorine and sulfur within the chlorantraniliprole and thiocyclam insecticides, respectively, with higher toxicities than the regular forms (ca. 3.86, and ca.2.06-fold, respectively). Significant differences in biological parameters, including developmental time and reproductive activity (fecundity and hatchability percent) were also observed. Correspondingly, increases in oxidative stress enzyme activities were observed, as were mutagenic effects on the genomic DNA of A . ipsilon after application of the LC 50 of the nano-forms of both insecticides compared to the control. These promising results could represent a crucial step toward developing efficient nanoinsecticides for sustainable control of A . ipsilon .

The World Health Organization (WHO) reported 1.25 million deaths yearly due to road traffic accidents worldwide and the number has been continuously increasing over the last few years. Nearly fifth of these accidents are caused by distracted drivers. Existing work of distracted driver detection is concerned with a small set of distractions (mostly, cell phone usage). Unreliable ad hoc methods are often used. In this paper, we present the first publicly available dataset for driver distraction identification with more distraction postures than existing alternatives. In addition, we propose a reliable deep learning-based solution that achieves a 90% accuracy. The system consists of a genetically weighted ensemble of convolutional neural networks; we show that a weighted ensemble of classifiers using a genetic algorithm yields a better classification confidence. We also study the effect of different visual elements in distraction detection by means of face and hand localizations, and skin segmentation. Finally, we present a thinned version of our ensemble that could achieve 84.64% classification accuracy and operate in a real-time environment.