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This study investigates the association between physical exercise and emotion regulation abilities among college students, introducing self-efficacy as a mediating variable to analyze the pathway mechanism through which physical exercise affects emotion regulation abilities. A cross-sectional study design was employed, utilizing a stratified random sampling method to survey three colleges in Jiangsu Province, China. Physical Activity Rating Scale, Physical Activity Self-efficacy Scale, and Emotional Intelligence Scale were used to measure the college student population. Regression analysis and mediation tests assessed whether self-efficacy mediates the relationship between physical exercise and college students' emotion regulation abilities. A total of 5,430 valid questionnaires were collected. The distribution of college students' physical activities was 77.0% for low, 13.1% for medium, and 9.3% for high levels. Physical activities were significantly and positively correlated with self-efficacy and emotional management abilities (r = 0.298,0.105;P<0.01), and self-efficacy was significantly and positively correlated with emotional management abilities (r = 0.322, P<0.01). Situational motivation and subjective support under self-efficacy were 0.08 and 0.255, respectively, and the adjusted R2 was 0.107. Self-efficacy played a fully mediating role between physical activities and emotional management abilities, with a total effect value of 0.032. The values of the direct and indirect effects were 0.003 and 0.029, accounting for 8.95% and 90.74% of the total effect, respectively. The physical exercise behavior of college students is primarily characterized by low intensity. Physical exercise among college students can positively predict their ability to regulate emotions. Self-efficacy fully mediates the relationship between physical exercise and emotion regulation ability among college students. College students can indirectly influence their ability to regulate emotions through physical exercise and self-efficacy.

Salt-sensitivity hypertension (SSH) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular event-related death. Despite the extensiveness of research on hypertension, which covers areas such as the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin system, the vascular system, and the immune system, its pathogenesis remains elusive, with sub-optimal blood pressure control in patients. The gut microbiota is an important component of nutritional support and constitutes a barrier in the host. Long-term high salt intake can lead to gut microbiota dysbiosis and cause significant changes in the expression of gut microbiota-related metabolites. Of these metabolites, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine oxide, amino acids, bile acids, and lipopolysaccharide are essential mediators of microbe-host crosstalk. These metabolites may contribute to the incidence and development of SSH via inflammatory, immune, vascular, and nervous pathways, among others. In addition, recent studies, including those on the histone deacetylase inhibitory mechanism of SCFAs and the blood pressure-decreasing effects of H S via vascular activation, suggest that several proteins and factors in the classical pathway elicit their effects through multiple non-classical pathways. This review summarizes changes in the gut microbiota and its related metabolites in high-salt environments, as well as corresponding treatment methods for SSH, such as diet management, probiotic and prebiotic use, antibiotic use, and fecal transplantation, to provide new insights and perspectives for understanding SSH pathogenesis and the development of strategies for its treatment.

This study examines the effects of physical exercise on emotion regulation ability in college students, with a focus on the sequential mediating roles of psychological resilience and self-efficacy. Using cross-sectional data from the 2024 Chinese College Students Physical Activity and Health Longitudinal Survey (CPAHLS-CS), we collected responses via structured online questionnaires to test hypothesized pathways. Research tools included the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and Healthy Kids Resilience Assessment (HKRA). A total of 10,923 valid questionnaires were included, with an effective response rate of 81.3%. The proportions of low, medium, and high levels of physical exercise among college students were 71.0%, 16.9%, and 12.2%, respectively. Data analysis showed that exercise intensity was negatively correlated with psychological resilience ( r  = − 0.022, P  < 0.001), positively correlated with self-efficacy ( r  = 0.130, P  < 0.001), and positively correlated with emotion regulation ability ( r  = 0.126, P  < 0.001). Mediation effect testing indicated that psychological resilience and self-efficacy mediate between physical exercise and emotion regulation ability. The total effect was 0.234, the direct effect was 0.165, and the indirect effect was 0.069. This cross-sectional study suggests that physical exercise is associated with, but does not causally determine, greater emotion-regulation ability.

Mycoviruses are an important component of the virosphere, but our current knowledge of their genome organization diversity and evolution remains rudimentary. In this study, the mycovirus composition in a hypovirulent strain of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was molecularly characterized. Nine mycoviruses were identified and assigned into eight potential families. Of them, six were close relatives of known mycoviruses, while the other three had unique genome organizations and evolutionary positions. A deltaflexivirus with a tripartite genome has evolved via arrangement and horizontal gene transfer events, which could be an evolutionary connection from unsegmented to segmented RNA viruses. Two mycoviruses had acquired a second helicase gene by two different evolutionary mechanisms. A rhabdovirus representing an independent viral evolutionary branch was the first to be confirmed to occur naturally in fungi. The major hypovirulence-associated factor, an endornavirus, was finally corroborated. Our study expands the diversity of mycoviruses and potential virocontrol agents, and also provides new insights into virus evolutionary modes including virus genome segmentation.

Hypovirulence-associated mycoviruses have emerged as promising biocontrol agents, and studying their interactions with phytopathogenic fungi helps uncover mechanisms of fungal pathogenesis and antiviral defense. This study provides critical insights into the interaction between Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and its hypovirulence-associated endornavirus, SsEV3, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying mycovirus-induced changes in fungal virulence and antivirus defense. SsEV3 infection not only impairs fungal virulence traits, including infection cushion formation and sclerotial production but also triggers host antiviral responses involving typical RNA interference pathways. New virulence factors, such as Sssnf1 , and antiviral factors, such as Sshp1 , were identified based on the established interaction system between S. sclerotiorum and endornavirus. These findings deepen our understanding of fungus-mycovirus interactions, highlighting the role of SsEV3 in reducing the virulence of S. sclerotiorum , and facilitating the development of mycovirus-based biological control strategies.

Meningiomas are the most frequently diagnosed primary intracranial tumors in adults. Surgical resection is preferred if the meningioma is accessible; for those that are not suitable for surgical resection, radiotherapy should be considered to improve local tumor control. However, recurrent meningiomas are challenging to treat, as the recurrent tumor might be located in the previously irradiated area. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a highly selective radiotherapy modality in which the cytotoxic effect focuses mainly on cells with increased uptake of boron-containing drugs. In this article, we describe four patients with recurrent meningiomas treated with BNCT in Taiwan. The mean boron-containing drug tumor-to-normal tissue uptake ratio was 4.125, and the tumor mean dose was 29.414 GyE, received via BNCT. The treatment response showed two stable diseases, one partial response, and one complete response. We also introduce and support the effectiveness and safety of BNCT as an alternative salvage treatment for recurrent meningiomas.

The study aims to examine the impact of physical exercise on sleep quality among college students and elucidate the mediating roles of self-efficacy and emotional control in this relationship. Data were obtained from the 2024 China College Students' Physical Activity and Health Tracking Survey (CPAHLS-CS). A sample of 10,970 college students was included. Physical exercise levels were measured using the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), self-efficacy was measured using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and emotional control was assessed using the Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale. Regression analysis and Bootstrap mediation analysis were employed to test the hypothesised relationships. (1) The direct effect of physical exercise on sleep quality was not significant (β = 0.011, P > 0.05). However, the total effect was negative (β = -0.056, P < 0.001), indicating that indirect effects comprised the predominant mechanism. (2) Self-efficacy (effect size = -0.024) and emotional control (effect size = -0.022) each independently mediated the relationship between physical exercise and sleep quality. (3) In the pathway through which physical exercise influences sleep quality, self-efficacy, and emotional control functioned as independent mediating variables. Specifically, physical exercise indirectly improved sleep quality by enhancing self-efficacy while positively impacting sleep quality through a distinct mediating mechanism involving strengthening emotional control. This study demonstrates the influence of physical exercise, self-efficacy, and emotional control on sleep quality. The findings suggest that physical exercise indirectly optimises sleep quality through a dynamic and synergistic mechanism involving the enhancement of self-efficacy and emotional control. This study provides theoretical support and practical pathways for sleep quality interventions in college students.

The converse flexoelectric effect can be applied to control thin-shell structures. In this paper, the vibration control of a conical shell with multiple flexoelectric actuators is studied. In order to investigate the actuation performance of the flexoelectric patch, this study analyzes the electric field gradient, modal forces, and displacement of a conical shell driven by the flexoelectric patch and their relationships with the design parameters. In the physical model, the AFM probe is positioned on the upper surface of the flexoelectric patch to create a high-intensity non-uniform electric field within the flexoelectric actuator. In turn, generates internal stress in the flexoelectric actuator patch through the converse flexoelectric effect. The case study shows that the high-intensity non-uniform electric field generated by the AFM probe has nearly zero contribution to the electric field in areas far from the contact point. As a result, the stress generated by the converse flexoelectric effect primarily concentrates near the AFM probe, with the size and shape of the flexoelectric patches having minimal influence on the actuation. Based on the assumption of small deformation and linear displacement, considering the vibration control of multiple flexoelectric actuators on the truncated conical shell, the lateral displacement results controlled by multiple flexoelectric actuators can be calculated by the superposition principle. When multiple flexoelectric actuators work together, the same flexoelectric actuator in different positions may induce opposite lateral displacements at a specific point on the surface of the truncated conical shell. This can result in the cancellation of vibrational displacements produced by the flexoelectric actuators. Approximate optimal distribution positions for the multi-channel flexoelectric actuators were determined through experimental simulations. In this study, the superior vibration suppression capabilities of multi-channel flexoelectric actuators are highlighted through a comparative analysis with single-channel configurations, demonstrating their effectiveness in controlling complex vibration modes in conical shell structures.

BackgroundFremanezumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb; IgG2Δa) that selectively targets calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), is approved for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults. The efficacy and safety of fremanezumab for migraine prevention have been demonstrated in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Real-world effectiveness data are needed to complement clinical trial data. This study assessed the effectiveness of fremanezumab across different subgroups of adult patients with episodic migraine (EM), chronic migraine (CM), or difficult-to-treat (DTT) migraine in real-world clinical settings.MethodsThis retrospective, panel-based online chart review used electronic case report forms. Patient inclusion criteria were a physician diagnosis of EM or CM; age ≥ 18 years at the time of first fremanezumab initiation; ≥ 1 dose of fremanezumab treatment; ≥ 1 follow-up visit since first initiation; and ≥ 2 measurements of monthly migraine days (MMD; with 1 within a month before or at first initiation and ≥ 1 after first initiation). Changes in MMD and monthly headache days were assessed during the follow-up period. These endpoints were evaluated in subgroups of patients by migraine type (EM/CM) and in subgroups with DTT migraine (diagnosis of medication overuse [MO], major depressive disorder [MDD], generalized anxiety disorder [GAD], or prior exposure to a different CGRP pathway–targeted mAb [CGRP mAb]).ResultsData were collected from 421 clinicians and 1003 patients. Mean (percent) reductions from baseline in MMD at Month 6 were − 7.7 (77.0%) in EM patients, − 10.1 (68.7%) in CM patients, − 10.8 (80.6%) in the MO subgroup, − 9.9 (68.3%) in the MDD subgroup, − 9.5 (66.4%) in the GAD subgroup, and − 9.0 (68.7%) in the prior CGRP mAb exposure subgroup. Improvements in MDD or GAD severity were reported by 45.5% and 45.8% of patients with comorbid MDD or GAD, respectively.ConclusionsIn this real-world study, fremanezumab demonstrated effectiveness for migraine regardless of migraine type or the presence of factors contributing to DTT migraine (MO, GAD, MDD, or prior exposure to a different CGRP mAb).

Abstract Mycovirus diversity is generally analyzed from isolates of fungal culture isolates at a single point in time as a snapshot. The stability of mycovirus composition within the same geographical location over time remains unclear. Not knowing how the population fluctuates in the field can be a source of unpredictability in the successful application of virocontrol. To better understand the changes over time, we monitored the interannual dynamics and abundance of mycoviruses infecting Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at a rapeseed-growing field for three years. We found that the virome in S. sclerotiorum harbors unique mycovirus compositions each year. In total, sixty-eight mycoviruses were identified, among which twenty-four were detected in all three successive years. These twenty-four mycoviruses can be classified as the members of the core virome in this S. sclerotiorum population, which show persistence and relatively high transmissibility under field conditions. Nearly two-thirds of the mycoviruses have positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genomes and were found consistently across all three years. Moreover, twenty-eight mycoviruses are newly described, including four novel, multi-segmented narnaviruses, and four unique bunyaviruses. Overall, the newly discovered mycoviruses in this study belong to as many as twenty families, into which eight were first identified in S. sclerotiorum, demonstrating evolutionarily diverse viromes. Our findings not only shed light on the annual variation of mycovirus diversity but also provide important virus evolutionary clues.