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BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the backlog of elective surgeries across the National Health Service (NHS). This is particularly critical for patients awaiting cardiac surgery, where even short delays can lead to disease progression and increased risk of complications. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programmes aim to optimise recovery and reduce length of stay, yet their implementation in cardiac surgery remains inconsistent. This quality improvement project sought to improve the implementation of postoperative ERAS principles to increase the timeliness of recovery and enhance intensive care unit (ICU) capacity.MethodsTime-directed ERAS goals were developed, and a phased educational intervention was implemented through four Plan–Do–Study–Act cycles: (1) introductory teaching and baseline data collection, (2) development of a tool within the electronic patient record to promote real-time implementation of ERAS goals and enable continuous performance monitoring, (3) introduction of an e-learning module and (4) targeted educational interventions. Outcome measures included time to achieve ERAS goals and the proportion of postoperative patients clinically ready for discharge to the ward within 24 and 48 hours. Balancing measures included reintubation and ICU readmission rates.ResultsImplementation of the phased educational intervention led to a sustained reduction in the time required to achieve ERAS goals. The proportion of patients clinically ready for discharge to the ward within 24 and 48 hours increased by 15.6% and 18.0%, respectively, exceeding the project’s 5% target. No increase in reintubation or ICU readmission rates was observed, indicating that improvements were achieved safely.ConclusionsImplementing time-directed ERAS goals through a phased educational intervention increased the timeliness of post-operative recovery after cardiac surgery. This approach has the potential to improve patient flow, enhance ICU capacity and support wider efforts to address elective cardiac surgery backlogs across the NHS.

Purpose It has been suggested that a larger heparin dose during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with reduced perioperative coagulopathy and thromboembolic complications. We investigated the effect of different heparin doses during routine elective cardiac surgery. Our primary outcomes include blood loss and transfusion and secondary outcomes investigate the effects on coagulation biomarkers. Methods In this prospective pilot trial, we allocated 60 patients undergoing cardiac surgery on CPB in a single tertiary cardiac centre into three groups to receive an initial dose of 300, 400, or 500 units (U) per kilogram of intravenous heparin prior to the commencement of CPB. Blood was sampled after induction of anesthesia, at 30 and 60 min of CPB, and three minutes after heparin reversal with protamine. Samples were analyzed for fibrinopeptide A (FPA), fibrinopeptide B (FPB), D-dimer, and thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complexes. Postoperative blood loss and transfusion was measured for the first 24-hr period after surgery. Results The total mean (95% CI) administered heparin dose in the 300 U·kg −1 , 400 U·kg −1 , and 500 U·kg −1 groups were 39,975 (36,528 to 43,421) U, 43,195 (36,940 to 49,449) U and 47,900 (44,807 to 50,992) U, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in FPA, FPB or D-dimer levels at the measured time intervals. There was a trend towards lower TAT levels while on CPB with greater heparin dosing, which was statistically significant after the administration of protamine. The clinical significance appears to be negligible, as there is no difference in overall blood loss and amount of packed red blood cell transfusion or other blood product transfusion. Conclusion This pilot study indicates that, while larger heparin dosing for routine cardiac surgery results in subtle biochemical changes in coagulation, there is no demonstrable benefit in postoperative blood loss or transfusion requirements.

It has been suggested that a larger heparin dose during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with reduced perioperative coagulopathy and thromboembolic complications. We investigated the effect of different heparin doses during routine elective cardiac surgery. Our primary outcomes include blood loss and transfusion and secondary outcomes investigate the effects on coagulation biomarkers. In this prospective pilot trial, we allocated 60 patients undergoing cardiac surgery on CPB in a single tertiary cardiac centre into three groups to receive an initial dose of 300, 400, or 500 units (U) per kilogram of intravenous heparin prior to the commencement of CPB. Blood was sampled after induction of anesthesia, at 30 and 60 min of CPB, and three minutes after heparin reversal with protamine. Samples were analyzed for fibrinopeptide A (FPA), fibrinopeptide B (FPB), D-dimer, and thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complexes. Postoperative blood loss and transfusion was measured for the first 24-hr period after surgery. The total mean (95% CI) administered heparin dose in the 300 U·kg , 400 U·kg , and 500 U·kg groups were 39,975 (36,528 to 43,421) U, 43,195 (36,940 to 49,449) U and 47,900 (44,807 to 50,992) U, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in FPA, FPB or D-dimer levels at the measured time intervals. There was a trend towards lower TAT levels while on CPB with greater heparin dosing, which was statistically significant after the administration of protamine. The clinical significance appears to be negligible, as there is no difference in overall blood loss and amount of packed red blood cell transfusion or other blood product transfusion. This pilot study indicates that, while larger heparin dosing for routine cardiac surgery results in subtle biochemical changes in coagulation, there is no demonstrable benefit in postoperative blood loss or transfusion requirements.