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The development of digital technology in mathematics education continues to face challenges, particularly in settings with multidimensional resource limitations. This study was conducted in Indonesia, specifically in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Eastern Indonesia. I employed constructivist grounded theory methodology (CGTM) to examine how mathematics teachers manage digital technology in resource-constrained environments. Eight teachers were selected through theoretical sampling. Data were collected through interviews and participatory observations. I analyzed the data through CGTM using ATLAS.ti 24, including initial, focused, and axial coding, supported by memo writing. Abductive logic guided the interpretation. The analysis indicated that infrastructure limitations, internet access, and teacher competence affected teachers' autonomy in using educational technology. Digitally competent teachers demonstrated adaptive strategies and pedagogical independence, enabling them to navigate constraints and support students' computational and metacognitive development. I offer a conceptual framework for digital technology integration in low-resource contexts and provide practical insights for policy design, reflecting teachers' instrumental views on technology (WEBSTER, 2016). This builds on CGTM's adaptability to shifting social realities (CHARMAZ & KELLER, 2016), extending CHARMAZ's legacy through the application of CGTM in complex educational settings.

Computational thinking skills among high school students have become a global concern, especially in the context of the ever-evolving digital education era. However, the attention given by teachers to this skill during mathematics instruction has not been a priority. This study aims to evaluate and explore the impact of project-based learning (PBL) integrated with flipped classroom on high school students’ computational thinking skills in mathematics. The research design employed a mixed-method approach with a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent pre-test post-test control group design. The experimental group (46 students) and control group (45 students) were selected through simple random sampling from 12th-grade science students. Data were collected through tests, questionnaires, and in-depth interviews, using instruments such as computational thinking skills assessment questions, questionnaires, and interview protocols. Quantitative data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 26 for t-tests and ANOVA, while qualitative analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti with an abductive-inductive and thematic approach. The findings indicate that PBL integrated with flipped classrooms significantly improved students’ decomposition, pattern recognition, and abstraction skills. The implementation of PBL, integrated with a flipped classroom, created an interactive learning environment, fostering active engagement and enhancing students’ understanding and skills in solving mathematical concepts. Although there was an improvement in algorithmic thinking skills, some students still faced difficulties in developing systematic solutions. The results of this study suggest that further research could explore other methodologies, such as grounded theory and case studies integrated with e-learning, and emphasize visual analysis methods, such as using photo elicitation to explore thinking skills.

The transformation of national education policy during Indonesia’s governmental era has led to regulatory disruptions through the rapid revocation of previous policies and swift introduction of new ones. This landscape requires teachers to possess technological proficiency as well as 21st-century competencies and pedagogical readiness to adopt innovative learning. This study examines the influence of technological knowledge and 21st-century competencies on teachers’ readiness to adopt deep learning pedagogy, while also exploring perceptions of opportunities and challenges. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed, involving a survey of 802 teachers from regions of Indonesia. The instrument comprised 25 items across three variables, validated by experts, and tested with confirmatory factor analysis, which showed acceptable fit and reliability. Quantitative data were analyzed statistically, while qualitative insights came from interviews with 30 teachers and analyzed thematically. Results indicate that 21st-century competencies (β=0.639, R2=0.432) exert stronger influence than technological knowledge (β=0.575, R2=0.310) in shaping readiness. The integration of connecting and embedding strategies revealed personal, structural, and cultural complexities in implementing deep learning. The study recommends localized training and partnerships with professional organizations, higher education institutions, and NGOs to generate systemic support for school reform toward learning organizations.

This study is a meta-analysis to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and mathematical creativity. This meta-analysis included 21 studies with a total sample size of 11,621 participants and 33 effect sizes across the studies. Data analysis using a random effects model using the “meta” package (version 7.0-0) in R software version 4.3.0. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and mathematical creativity (z=3.51;95% CI [0.09, 0.32],  p<0.001). The influence of self-efficacy on mathematical creativity is included in the low category (re=0.21). These findings had no publication bias issues with Egger’s test (t=−0.03; p=0.978) and were stable against the impact of unpublished studies (Fail−safe N=5101; p<0.001). Meta-regression revealed two variables that showed significant results: measurement method (Q=11.17;df=2; p=0.0038) and study location (Q=372.41, df=9; p<0.0001). This study provides valuable information about the relationship between self-efficacy and mathematical creativity, but more research is needed to develop effective and efficient learning strategies.

Introduction: Lung cancer is the health problem in developed countries. The main causes of lung cancer in general include carcinogens such as tobacco smoke, ionizing radiation, and viral infections. This exposure causes cumulative changes to the DNA in the tissue lining the bronchial epithelium. Methods: Chromolaena odorata was extracted with methanol, then partitioned with 5 dissolutions; n-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, Acetonitric, n-Buthanol, Ethanol. The five extracts obtained were tested with A549 cells using the bioassay method. After incubation, the result obtained from microplate reader. Result: The percentage inhibition of the five extracts was showed that the Ethanol extract was the most active, with the highest value among other solvents. The A549 cell line was isolated in 1973 from lung adenocarcinoma in a study to create a continuous cell line from 200 different tumors. Although developed as a tool for cancer research, the cell line was later characterized as representative of the Alveolar Type II pneumocytes from the human lung. The cell line has been a mainstay of respiratory research for nearly forty years. Conclusion: The Ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata has a potential to inhibit the growth of the A549 cell line

Cancer can usually develop due to exposure to sunlight. UV radiation from sunlight is known to damage DNA and is bad for the skin. Skin P stem cell carcinogenesis is caused by UV-A rays that penetrate deep into the dermis layer. UV-B damages cell DNA by being absorbed by proteins in the epidermis. Chromolaena odorata was extracted using methanol solvent, then partitioned into 5 solutions in the form of n-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, Acetonitrate, n-Buthanol, and Ethanol. The five extracts obtained were tested with Human Epidermal Keratinocyte cells using the bioassay method. Results obtained from the microplate reader after incubation. Each extract was divided into three concentrations, it is 100, 50, 20(µg/mL). Then in the positive control (Etoposide), it was divided into four concentrations, 100, 50, 20, 10(µg/mL). After being analyzed with the results of the microplate reader, the IC50 of Chromolaena odorata was 48% in the ethyl acetate extract with a concentration of 100µg/mL. HaCaT cell proliferation was determined at indicated intervals using the MTT colorimetric assay. This assay was based on the ability of live cell succinate dehydrogenase to reduce the yellow salt MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) to insoluble purple-blue formazan precipitate. Experiments were carried out on 96-well plates containing a final volume of 100µl of medium/well.

BackgroundCarotid artery stenosis is a major cause of stroke and is commonly treated with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS). Trans-carotid artery revascularization (TCAR) has emerged as a newer alternative designed to reduce the risk of procedural stroke. However, comparative evidence on the safety and efficacy of these interventions is limited. This study evaluates the clinical outcomes of CEA, CAS, and TCAR in patients with carotid artery stenosis.MethodsA comprehensive search of multiple databases was conducted to identify relevant studies. The outcomes were stroke, mortality, and myocardial infarction, cranial nerve injury, hematoma, infection, transient ischemic attack, and length of hospital stay. Meta-analysis and a frequentist graph-theoretical approach network meta-analysis were performed using the netmeta package in R platform. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 Cochrane and ROBINS-I.ResultsFifty-five studies were included in the review. The short-term stroke risk was significantly lower with CEA than with CAS. TCAR had a potential long-term mortality benefit over CAS, while no significant differences were observed in short-term mortality or myocardial infarction across treatments. CAS was associated with lower risks of cranial nerve injury, hematoma, and infection compared with CEA.ConclusionCEA and TCAR offer better short-term stroke protection than CAS, with TCAR showing promise for long-term mortality benefits. CAS has advantages in reducing cranial nerve injury, hematoma, and infection risks. Overall, the choice of treatment should consider both efficacy and safety profiles. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials, particularly focusing on TCAR, are needed to validate these comparative outcomes.PROSPERO registry numberCRD420251055287.