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Obesity has nearly tripled since 1975 and is predicted to continue to escalate. The surge in obesity is expected to increase the risk of diabetes type 2, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and stroke. Therefore, it is essential to better understand the mechanisms that regulate energy and glucose homeostasis. The opioid system is implicated in regulating both aspects (hedonic and homeostatic) of food intake. Specifically, in the present study, we investigated the role of endogenous enkephalins in changes in food intake and glucose homeostasis. We used preproenkephalin (ppENK) knockout mice and their wildtype littermates/controls to assess changes in body weight, food intake, and plasma glucose levels when mice were fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Body weight and food intake were measured every week (n = 21–23 mice per genotype), and at the end of the 16-week exposure period, mice were tested using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, n = 9 mice per genotype) and insulin tolerance test (n = 5 mice per genotype). Our results revealed no difference in body weight or food intake between mice of the two genotypes. However, HFD-exposed enkephalin-deficient mice demonstrated impaired OGTT associated with reduced insulin sensitivity compared to their wildtype controls. The impaired insulin sensitivity is possibly due to the development of peripheral insulin resistance. Our results reveal a potential role of enkephalins in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and in the pathophysiology of diabetes type 2.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end‐stage kidney disease. DKD is a heterogeneous disease with complex pathophysiology where early endothelial dysfunction is associated with disease progression. The Tie2 receptor and Angiopoietin 1 and 2 ligands are critical for maintaining endothelial cell permeability and integrity. Tie2 signaling is negatively regulated by the endothelial specific transmembrane receptor Vascular Endothelial Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (VEPTP). Genetic deletion of VEPTP protects from hypertension and diabetes induced renal injury in a mouse model of DKD. Here, we show that VEPTP inhibition with an extracellular domain targeting VEPTP antibody induced Tie2 phosphorylation and improved VEGF‐A induced vascular permeability both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with the VEPTP blocking antibody decreased the renal expression of endothelial activation markers (Angpt2, Edn1, and Icam1) but failed to improve kidney function in db/db uninephrectomized ReninAAV DKD mice.

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على واقع المشاركة السياسية للمرأة في السودان والمعوقات التي تحول دون مشاركتها في اتخاذ القرارات السياسية، أو ممارسة الأنشطة المتعلقة بالسياسة، سواء كناخبة أو مرشحة، على مستوى التمثيل الشعبي في المجالس البلدية، أو الولائية، أو حتى الرئاسية. كما تهدف الدراسة لتقديم بعض المقترحات لتفعيل المشاركة السياسية للمرأة السودانية. وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن السودان بذل العديد من الجهود التشريعية والمؤسسية، الرسمية وغير الرسمية، لتنمية المشاركة السياسية للمرأة. ومع ذلك، فإن النتائج التي تحققت لم تكن بقدر الأهداف المرجوة. وعلى الرغم من ذلك، لا تزال المساعي والجهود مستمرة لتفعيل المشاركة السياسية للمرأة في السودان من خلال اتخاذ مختلف الوسائل والإجراءات. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة اعتماد نظام الكوتا الذي أثبت قدرته على رفع نسبة مشاركة المرأة في المجالس المنتخبة، والتأكيد على أهمية المسؤولية المشتركة للدول والمجتمع المدني في تنفيذ الإجراءات المقترحة.

Muslim charity sector has been the jewel in the Muslim community's crown in serving humanity in recent decades; without a way out this may one day be reduced to insignificance. Almost all charities in Britain are now regulated by Charity Commission (CC); so charities are duty-bound to maintain due diligence while transferring money directly to the recipients or through reliable partners acceptable to the CC.

Muslims and many others in the wider society have been trying to bring home the point that a US-led unending global war on terror post-9/11 atrocities, with ensuing bloodbaths in some Muslim countries, have contributed to radicalisation and extremism among a section of Muslims.

[Nick Cohen] labours hard to smear the East London Mosque, where I am currently the chairman. In his latest diatribe, he wrongly claims the mosque is dominated by Jamaat-e-Islami. I hold no brief for Jamaat-e-Islami. The East London Mosque is run by British Muslims of diverse backgrounds, with deep roots in the community, who expend time and energy to make it an institution that is welcoming to all faiths and none.

The Muslim Council of Britain is an umbrella body that is inclusive of Islam's rich traditions and tendencies. Sunni, Shia, Su fiand Sala figroups are affiliated to the MCB. Mr [Nick Cohen] is upset because of the MCB's refusal to favour one tendency, Sufi, over the other, \"Islamist\", itself a contested term.