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"Muhammad Ahmad Khan"
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العرب والهند : تحولات العلاقة مع قوة ناشئة ومستقبلها = The Arabs and India : shifts in the relation with a rising power and its future
يضم الكتاب ثلاثة عشر بحثا قدمت في مؤتمر تحت العنوان نفسه، عقده المركز بمقره في الدوحة في أيار / مايو 2018. تنطلق هذه البحوث من اعتبار أن الصورة التي ترسم مستقبل الهند بصفتها قوة عالمية صاعدة من الشرق، إضافة إلى قربها الجغرافي من البر العربي، وروابطها التاريخية والثقافية بشعوبه، ووجود كتلة كبيرة من العمالة الهندية في دول الخليج العربية، تفرض اهتمام العرب المتزايد بها. كما أن الهند من أكبر مستوردي الطاقة العربية، وبات نموها الاقتصادي ومكانتها العالمية مرتبطين بتوافر مصادر طاقة آمنة ومستمرة ورخيصة ما يجعل علاقتها بالعالم العربي تكتسي أهمية استثنائية.
Book
Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Disease: Current Trends and Future Directions
This narrative review delves into the intricate landscape of liver diseases, providing a comprehensive background of the diverse conditions that afflict this vital organ. Liver diseases, ranging from viral hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), pose significant global health challenges. Understanding these diseases' multifaceted origins and progression is pivotal for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The epidemiology and etiology of liver diseases emphasize the global impact of viral hepatitis, with hepatitis B and C as significant contributors. Concurrently, the rising prevalence of NAFLD, linked to lifestyle factors and metabolic syndrome, underscores the intricate relationship between modern living and liver health. Chronic liver diseases often evolve insidiously, progressing from inflammation to fibrosis and, ultimately, to cirrhosis - a stage characterized by irreversible scarring and compromised function. The heightened risk of HCC in advanced liver disease stages further underscores the urgency of effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The evolving landscape of non-invasive diagnostic tools is explored for their role in enabling early detection and accurate staging of liver diseases. In the realm of treatment, there is a continuous transition toward personalized medicine, customized to suit the unique profiles of individual patients. This shift encompasses a broad spectrum, ranging from personalized pharmacological interventions to lifestyle modifications and surgical options. Delving into innovative therapies, such as gene editing and immunomodulation, offers a glimpse into the promising future directions that have the potential to redefine the landscape of liver disease diagnosis and treatment.
Journal Article
Intelligent Sensors for dc Fault Location Scheme Based on Optimized Intelligent Architecture for HVdc Systems
We develop a probabilistic model for determining the location of dc-link faults in MT-HVdc networks using discrete wavelet transforms (DWTs), Bayesian optimization, and multilayer artificial neural networks (ANNs) based on local information. Likewise, feedforward neural networks (FFNNs) are trained using the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation (LMBP) method, which multi-stage BO optimizes for efficiency. During training, the feature vectors at the sending terminal of the dc link are selected based on the norm values of the observed waveforms at various frequency bands. The multilayer ANN is trained using a comprehensive set of offline data that takes the denoising scheme into account. This choice not only helps to reduce the computational load but also provides better accuracy. An overall percentage error of 0.5144% is observed for the proposed algorithm when tested against fault resistances ranging from 10 to 485 Ω. The simulation results show that the proposed method can accurately estimate the fault site to a precision of 485 Ω and is more robust.
Journal Article
Alantolactone Induces Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells through GSH Depletion, Inhibition of STAT3 Activation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) constitutively expresses in human liver cancer cells and has been implicated in apoptosis resistance and tumorigenesis. Alantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone, has been shown to possess anticancer activities in various cancer cell lines. In our previous report, we showed that alantolactone induced apoptosis in U87 glioblastoma cells via GSH depletion and ROS generation. However, the molecular mechanism of GSH depletion remained unexplored. The present study was conducted to envisage the molecular mechanism of alantolactone-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells by focusing on the molecular mechanism of GSH depletion and its effect on STAT3 activation. We found that alantolactone induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This alantolactone-induced apoptosis was found to be associated with GSH depletion, inhibition of STAT3 activation, ROS generation, mitochondrial transmembrane potential dissipation, and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 activation. This alantolactone-induced apoptosis and GSH depletion were effectively inhibited or abrogated by a thiol antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). The data demonstrate clearly that intracellular GSH plays a central role in alantolactone-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Thus, alantolactone may become a lead chemotherapeutic candidate for the treatment of liver cancer.
Journal Article
Sentinel Hospital-Based Surveillance for Assessment of Burden of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Children in Pakistan
To determine the burden and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children hospitalized with severe acute watery diarrhea in Pakistan prior to introduction of rotavirus vaccine.
A cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of two years from 2006 - 2008 at five sentinel hospitals in the cities of Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, and Peshawar. Stool samples collected from children under five years of age hospitalized with severe acute watery diarrhea were tested for rotavirus antigen via enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (IDEA REF K6020 Oxoid Ltd (Ely), Cambridge, United Kingdom). A subset of EIA positive stool samples were further processed for genotyping.
6679 children were enrolled and stool specimens of 2039 (30.5%) were positive for rotavirus. Rotavirus positivity ranged from 16.3% to 39.4% in the 5 hospitals with highest positivity in Lahore. 1241 (61%) of all rotavirus cases were in infants under one year of age. Among the strains examined for G-serotypes, the occurrence of G1, G2, G9 and G4 strains was found to be 28%, 24%, 14% and 13%, respectively. Among P-types, the most commonly occurring strains were P6 (31.5%) followed by P8 (20%) and P4 (12%). Prevalent rotavirus genotype in hospitalized children of severe diarrhea were G1P[8] 11.6% (69/593), followed by G2P[4] 10.4% (62/593), and G4P[6] 10.1% (60/593).
Approximately one third of children hospitalized with severe gastroenteritis in urban centers in Pakistan have rotavirus. Introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Pakistan's national immunization program could prevent many severe episodes and diarrheal deaths.
Journal Article
An implicit algorithm for two finite families of nonexpansive maps in hyperbolic spaces
In this article, we propose and analyze An implicit algorithm for two finite families of nonexpansive maps in hyperbolic spaces. Results concerning Î\"-convergence as well as strong convergence of the proposed algorithm are proved. Our results are refinement and generalization of several recent results in CAT(0) spaces and uniformly convex Banach spaces. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): Primary: 47H09; 47H10; Secondary: 49M05.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
Intelligent delignification: leveraging explainable AI for ozone transport modeling and optimization
Biomass is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, where lignin is almost one-third of the amount of biomass. Lignin is removed from the biomass matrix because its complex, recalcitrant structure acts as a physical and chemical barrier, impeding the accessibility of reagents and enzymes to cellulose and hemicellulose. Lignin sterically hinders hydrolysis and can also non-productively bind enzymes, thereby reducing overall efficiency in biofuel production. Several techniques are used to remove lignin from the biomass matrix, where ozonation is the most novel, emerging, and ecofriendly technique. This study investigates the application of machine learning (ML) techniques to predict lignin removal efficiency during ozonation pretreatment an emerging and eco-friendly delignification method. Experimental data from ozonation-based lignin removal were used to train and evaluate 19 regression models using the PyCaret framework. Among these, the Extra Trees Regressor demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy for delignification outcomes. Feature importance was further interpreted using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to quantify the contribution of each process variable. The results reveal that ML models can effectively capture the complex relationships governing ozonation-based delignification, offering valuable insights into optimizing operational parameters. This work highlights the potential of ML as a predictive and interpretative tool in chemical engineering, paving the way for more efficient, data-driven approaches to biomass valorization and sustainable biofuel.
Journal Article
Efficacy of Sub-Tenon Micro-Perfusion of Cyclophosphamide in Rabbits with Severe Ocular Inflammation
To explore the feasibility of cyclophosphamide (CP) via a sub-Tenon micro-perfusion system (SMS) in rabbits, and assess its therapeutic efficacy in severe ocular inflammation.
Distribution and pharmacokinetics of CP were evaluated in vivo, and the concentrations of CP in plasma, vitreous humor, and retina/choroid were quantitated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) at different time points. After induction of severe experimental uveitis, rabbits were divided into three groups (n=8 in each): the SMS group, subconjunctival injection (SI) group, and control group. Clinical inflammatory score was assessed in rabbits. Electroretinography and histopathology were performed on post-treatment day 8. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
The concentrations of CP in vitreous humor and retina/choroid in the SMS group were significantly higher than that of the SI group at 3, 6, 10, and 24 hours (
<0.01), while plasmatic CP concentrations were comparable at all time points in the SMS group and SI group (
>0.05). The SMS group showed significantly less inflammation compared to the control group and SI group. Furthermore, the restoration of retinal structure and function were more obvious in the SMS group compared with conventional SI application.
Sub-Tenon micro-perfusion of CP exhibited satisfied therapeutic efficacy in rabbits with severe ocular inflammation and may provide a promising alternative for controlling ocular inflammatory disease and immune-mediated ocular diseases.
Journal Article
Some Topological Invariants of Graphs Associated with the Group of Symmetries
A topological index is a quantity that is somehow calculated from a graph (molecular structure), which reflects relevant structural features of the underlying molecule. It is, in fact, a numerical value associated with the chemical constitution for the correlation of chemical structures with various physical properties, chemical reactivity, or biological activity. A large number of properties like physicochemical properties, thermodynamic properties, chemical activity, and biological activity can be determined with the help of various topological indices such as atom-bond connectivity indices, Randić index, and geometric arithmetic indices. In this paper, we investigate topological properties of two graphs (commuting and noncommuting) associated with an algebraic structure by determining their Randić index, geometric arithmetic indices, atomic bond connectivity indices, harmonic index, Wiener index, reciprocal complementary Wiener index, Schultz molecular topological index, and Harary index.
Journal Article
Shortening surgical time in high myopia treatment: a randomized controlled trial comparing non-OVD and OVD techniques in ICL implantation
Introduction
High myopia correction is essential for improving visual acuity and quality of life. Traditional intraocular collamer lens (ICL) implantation using an ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) is effective but often results in prolonged surgical times, impacting patient comfort and recovery. This study investigates a novel non-OVD ICL implantation technique aimed at reducing surgical duration and improving patient outcomes.
Methods
This prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted at Changsha Aier Eye Hospital from May to August 2024, enrolling 162 right eyes from high myopic patients aged 21 to 45 years. Participants were randomly assigned to either the non-OVD group, which utilized a disposable sterile irrigator for anterior chamber maintenance, or the OVD group, which underwent traditional ICL implantation. Primary outcomes included surgical time, endothelial cell density (ECD), intraocular pressure (IOP), and patient-reported experiences.
Results
The non-OVD group demonstrated a significant reduction in surgical time (113 ± 103 s) compared to the OVD group (436 ± 118 s,
p
< 0.001). ECD and IOP remained stable postoperatively, indicating no adverse effects on ocular health. Patient experiences were assessed through pain levels and self-perception reports; the non-OVD group reported comparable pain levels with enhanced self-perception compared to the OVD group.
Conclusion
The novel non-OVD ICL implantation technique significantly reduces surgical duration while maintaining ocular health and improving patient self-perception. Additional to it, we also explored patients' self-perception, which refers to their subjective evaluation of recovery, well-being, and visual outcomes post-surgery. Unlike satisfaction, which primarily measures how pleased patients are with the results, self-perception encompasses how patients feel about their overall recovery process, including psychological and emotional factors. This approach may enhance operational efficiency and patient comfort in high myopia surgeries.
Trial registration
The study was registered with the China Clinical Trial Registration Center (Registration No. ChiCTR2100046483, Trial Registration: 2021–03-06).
Journal Article