Explore the vast range of titles available.

This paper details the development of a full turbine model and ensuing aero-servo-elastic analysis of the International Energy Agency’s 15MW Reference Wind Turbine. This model provides the means to obtain realistic turbine performance data, of which normal and tangential blade loads are extracted and applied to a simplified drivetrain model developed expressly to quantify the shaft eccentricities caused by aerodynamic loading, thus determining the impact of aerodynamic loading on the generator structure. During this process, a method to determine main bearing stiffness values is presented, and values for the IEA-15MW-RWT obtained. It was found that wind speeds in the region of turbine cut-out induce shaft eccentricities as high as 56%, and that tangential loading has a significant contribution to shaft eccentricities, increasing deflection at the generator area by as much as 106% at high windspeeds, necessitating its inclusion. During a subsequent generator structure optimisation, the shaft eccentricities caused by the loading scenarios examined in this paper were found to increase the necessary mass of the rotor structure by 40%, to meet the reduced airgap clearance.

Hybrid Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (H‐OTEC) systems are characterized by the adoption of both open‐loop and closed‐loop Rankine cycles. In the closed‐loop configuration, a working fluid such as ammonia is evaporated in a heat exchanger, utilizing the heat from water vapor generated in a vacuum chamber by warm surface seawater introduction. The vapor is then expanded through a turbogenerator to produce electricity before being condensed in a cold‐water heat exchanger using cold water. In Malaysia, significant advancements are being made in the technology for seawater suction systems, particularly for applications in fish breeding, farming, desalination plants, and power generation. The operation of an H‐OTEC Experimental system at UPM I‐AQUAS, Port Dickson, Malaysia depends on surface seawater for turbine operation, necessitating the installation of a piping system spanning 336 m from the H‐OTEC facility to the suction location. Challenges associated with seawater intake systems include pump cavitation due to high suction head, pipe contamination by organisms such as barnacles and algae, pump placement, strainer size, and pipe diameter intake. The primary objective of this study is to provide valuable insights, conduct field testing, and gather necessary data for the development of the first‐of‐its‐kind surface seawater piping system for H‐OTEC in the Asian region. This objective was accomplished through the installation of a centrifugal pump unit with a flow rate of 40 m3/h (600 L/min), the laying of 106 mm inner diameter parallel pipes, installation of strainers, and a booster pump connected to a 125 A HDPE pipe. The collected data provides the necessary input in establishing the layout design and location selection of the seawater intake pipe, introduce a novel helical crossflow self‐cleaning suction screen water intake system, facilitate weight structure design, and enable pump sizing and suction pump analysis.

This study reviews recent developments in optimization techniques for hybrid solar photovoltaic and wind energy systems, particularly those using artificial intelligence (AI) and hybrid algorithms. Due to the global need for sustainable energy, the study compares both traditional and modern optimization techniques. It shows that hybrid algorithms, like, Gray Wolf–Cuckoo Search Optimization (GWCSO), can speed up convergence and reduce costs by up to 25% compared with other conventional methods, such as linear programming. The study groups optimization techniques into traditional, software‐based, AI‐driven, and hybrid approaches; assessing how well they improve system efficiency, reliability, and cost. It also outlines sizing methods and their economic, technical, and environmental effects, with results showing that AI‐driven methods can lower the levelized cost of energy by 10%–15% in complex microgrids (MGs). The study further provides a structured way to size MGs, addressing a gap in optimization methods for independent hybrid systems in remote locations. Greater flexibility of hybrid algorithms in handling complex optimization problems was emphasized. Ultimately, this study offers new insights into combining AI with traditional methods, suggesting future research directions for both smart grid and MG design.

Industry 4.0 is viewed as a complex scenario. This complex scenario could be interpreted using illustrations such as sketches or drawings. Ideally, sketches and drawings are useful in illustrating complexity and multiple abstracts from observed social reality. The use of illustrations allows novice qualitative researchers to explore observed social reality in depth with less linear insight. However, few scholars mention the use of illustrations at the research planning stage because most sketches and drawings have been used as tools during data collection merely to understand an interviewee’s perspective. Therefore, this article aims to demonstrate the use of illustrations as a tool to facilitate the research process from problem identification to the selection of the qualitative research methodology. Five specific purposes of illustration that significantly contribute to the body of knowledge for effective decision making and are useful tools in delivering information are demonstrated in this article. Based on the illustrations demonstrated in this article, the most appropriate qualitative research methodology is the case study. Overall, the proposed use of illustrations can assist a novice qualitative researcher in determining the appropriate epistemological and ontological stances, as well as their methodology and method, more effectively.

In this paper, the applications of thermoplastic, thermoset polymers, and a brief description of the functions of each subsystem are reviewed. The synthetic route and characteristics of polymeric materials are presented. The mechanical properties of polymers such as impact behavior, tensile test, bending test, and thermal properties like mold stress-relief distortion, generic thermal indices, relative thermal capability, and relative thermal index are mentioned. Furthermore, this paper covers the electrical behavior of polymers, mainly their dielectric strength. Different techniques for evaluating polymers’ suitability applied for electrical insulation are covered, such as partial discharge and high current arc resistance to ignition. The polymeric materials and processes used for manufacturing cables at different voltage ranges are described, and their applications to high voltage DC systems (HVDC) are discussed. The evolution and limitations of polymeric materials for electrical application and their advantages and future trends are mentioned. However, to reduce the high cost of filler networks and improve their technical properties, new techniques need to be developed. To overcome limitations associated with the accuracy of the techniques used for quantifying residual stresses in polymers, new techniques such as indentation are used with higher force at the stressed location.

Solar energy is a natural source of energy and is tremendously abundant. The concept of floating solar is to fulfil and to support the existing energy supply in order to enhance the human life. The floating solar exploits the massive availability of ocean region and the severe unavailability of land. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the potential of floating solar to be deployed in coastal or infield in Malaysia. It was predicted that such system could generate around 14,530 MWh per annum in Malaysia. It can be concluded that floating solar could be one of the most important ocean structures in the future because it is reliable, flexible and has virtually low cost production comparing with other ocean structures

Renewables have been raised as the most feasible energy alternative to replace high CO2 emitters such as fossil fuel and coal. Some identified advantages are cost efficiency, aesthetics, energy producing ability, noise reduction, sun protection, land space saving, privacy screen, among other safety features. [...]in 2015, the “Dem4BIPV” project was initiated with the overall aim of bringing together a number of leading research universities, as well as experts within Europe and other developed countries, to train graduates within the engineering, design, construction and architectural space in BIPV design, installation and maintenance [15]. Research interest is heightened, technical knowledge in the area is on the rise and public awareness and acceptance is gradually taking shape; hence, a conscious effort within the research fraternity is key.

Over the past decades, solar energy has gained much attention in Ghana, especially after the 2012–2016 power crisis. The government through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) has attempted to increase the shares of solar generation to augment its efforts in reducing the energy deficit of the country, especially in remote and off-grid communities. However, the extent to which PPP has been utilized as a viable tool for solar sector development in Ghana is questionable. This study discusses the current state of PPPs in Ghana’s solar industry and compares how it has been efficiently used as a tool to promote the solar industry in South Africa and Morocco. Fundamental theories such as Altruism, Game, Principal-agent, and Pareto Optimality (PO) were used as analytical tools to examine how PPPs are handled in the selected cases. The study ascertains that the Game and PO are applicable theories that have guided SA and Morocco’s solar infrastructural development. This study discovered that PPP has been efficiently used in SA and Morocco to push its solar industry to be among the best in the world and Ghana can perfectly emulate it. The study further reveals that the Principal-agent analogy and altruistic intent of the Ghanaian government tend to discourage Private sector participation in the solar industry. It further suggests the Pareto Optimality, Game approach, and a win-win transparent attitude towards PPPs. This study recommends a well-developed PPP structure and law for Ghana. It encourages transparency and discourages partisan preferentialism to increase PPPs in Ghana’s solar industry.

A solar photovoltaic (PV) cell, is an electrical device that uses the PV effect to convert light energy into electricity. The application of oyster mushroom dyes in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a novel strategy to substitute the costly chemical production process with easily extractable, environmentally acceptable dyes. Both dyes of yellow and pink oyster mushrooms were extracted using the same process but dried into powder form using two techniques, warm drying and freeze drying. The characterization was carried out utilizing current-voltage (I-V) characterization for electrical properties, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer for optical properties, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for the structural properties. It was found that freeze-dried pink and yellow oyster mushroom had shown the good properties for DSSC application as it produced energy bandgap which lies within the range of efficient dye sensitizer; 1.7 eV and 2.2 eV, the most uniform distribution of pores and a nearly spherical form in FESEM analysis, and AFM result obtained with the highest root mean square (RMS) roughness value (26.922 and 34.033) with stereoscopic morphologies. The data proved that mushroom dyes can be incorporated in DSSC with the optimization of drying method in the extraction process, dilution of dye and the layer of deposition on the glass substrate. The current density-voltage (J–V) characteristics of fabricated DSSC was characterized using Newport Oriel Sol3A solar simulator under AM 1.5 Sun condition (100 mW/cm 2 , 25  o C). From the result obtained by solar simulator, the fabricated FTO/TiO 2 / Pleurotus djamor dye/Pt indicated the V oc of 0.499 V and J sc of 0.397 mA/cm 2 .

This qualitative study aimed to explore the current status, practices, and challenges of Internet of Things (IoT) implementation and to develop an IoT framework for Industry 4.0 in Malaysia. Industry 4.0 enhances a company’s manufacturing competitiveness and efficiency. However, the implementation of Industry 4.0 in Malaysian small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is still in its early stages. Five participants from three different SMEs were selected for online interviews and a focus group. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the interviews were conducted online and lasted about 30 to 45 min. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed through thematic analysis and used to validate the literature review and to identify gaps in existing frameworks. The IoT framework was developed through a focus group of experts. This study found that the implementation of Industry 4.0 is relatively low in Malaysian manufacturing SMEs. SMEs are facing various challenges, including the need for education and training, budget constraints, and a lack of experience and knowledge among workers. This study found that the positive impact of IoT implementation included improved internal communication, reduced errors, and enhanced product quality and safety. In addition, this study resulted in the development of an IoT framework for SMEs in Malaysia.