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"Muir, Carlyn"
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Eliminating serious injury and death from road transport : a crisis of complacency
\"The book explodes the myths that currently drive society's view of traffic safety and limit progress in reducing death and serious injury. It presents current scientific knowledge in a non-technical way and draws parallels with other areas of public safety and public health. It uses examples from the media and from public policy debates to paint a clear picture of a flawed public policy approach and offers preventive medicine principles to take the field forward\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Traumatic workplace fatalities: the lived experiences of coworkers
Workplace fatalities are sudden, traumatic events that can have significant psychological and emotional consequences for those exposed to them.
To explore coworkers' lived experiences of workplace fatalities, with particular attention to their exposure and trauma responses.
A qualitative descriptive study with semi-structured interviews was undertaken to understand the lived experiences of coworkers exposed to traumatic workplace fatalities. Eighteen participants from five industry groups took part. Thematic analysis was used to understand and interpret the interviews, guided by Carlson and Dalenberg's (2000) conceptual framework of traumatic experiences.
Exposure to traumatic workplace fatalities includes the experience of confronting visual, auditory and tactile experiences. Participants described peritraumatic responses such as emotional withdrawal, panic, numbness and shock, as well as acting instinctively to assist the victim. Posttraumatic trauma responses included re-experiencing and avoidance, with some reporting secondary and associated responses such as PTSD, suicidal ideation and relationship breakdowns. Investigative processes were also described as retraumatising and distressing.
This study identifies that coworkers can be significantly affected by traumatic workplace fatalities, often experiencing emotional and psychological harm as secondary victims. The investigative process that follows can compound their distress and be retraumatising. Findings highlight a clear need for trauma-informed support that addresses both immediate and ongoing psychological needs of coworkers. Better recognition and response to their experiences and needs are essential in reducing further harm.
Journal Article
Safety outcomes for incident responders operating on high speed roads: An analysis of the relationship with behaviour, motivation and role clarity
High-speed roads present a considerable level of risk for frontline workers operating in these environments. To optimise safety, prevention activities need to target the key skills required to mitigate risk. The aim of this research was to explore the behavioural (compliance, participation, voice), motivational (safety motivation) and work demand (role clarity) factors that influence safety outcomes for incident responders working on high-speed roads. Safety outcomes included secondary incidents and near misses with passing vehicles. A total of 295 complete survey responses were received from six emergency service and incident response agencies in one Australian state. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that higher levels of safety voice, safety motivation and, role clarity were significantly associated with safer self-reported safety outcomes after controlling for the number of incidents attended. The findings from this study will be used to guide the development of a training program to improve the cognitive, behavioural and perceptual skills of incident responders operating on high-speed roads. Some insight into the structure and format of this program is provided.
Journal Article
Occupational injury among paramedics: a systematic review
IntroductionParamedics are frequently exposed to acute and/or chronic environmental, operational and patient-related factors that increase their risk of physical and psychological injury. However, there has been wide variation in reported paramedic injury rates. This systematic review aims to synthesise the evidence to examine the incidence and nature of occupational injury among paramedics.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO 2020: CRD42020164556). A systematic search of four electronic databases was conducted for the years 2004–2019. Peer-reviewed studies examining the incidence and proportions of paramedic occupational injury within civilian emergency medical services (EMS) were included. Injury types, mechanisms, contributing factors and incidence of injury were synthesised narratively.ResultsTwelve studies met the inclusion criteria. The incidence of injury ranged from 29.7 to 345.6 injuries per 1000 workers per year. Sprains and strains were the most reported injury types, and the trunk and upper limbs were the main sites. Body motion was the most frequently reported mechanism of injury, accounting for 35%–55% of all injuries. Female paramedics had a proportionally higher rate of injury compared with male paramedics. Paramedics aged 25–34 years accounted for the majority of fatal (mean 34.0%) and non-fatal (mean 51.7%) injuries.ConclusionThis review highlights the increased risk of occupational injury among paramedics and provides further insight into their overall injury profile.
Journal Article
Understanding the role gender plays in survivor responses to disasters: Evaluating the lessons in disaster program
This paper evaluates four pilot training sessions conducted in August 2015 by Women's Health Goulburn North East, Women's Health In the North and the Monash University Disaster Resilience Initiative as part of the Gender and Disaster Pod initiative. The Lessons in Disaster Program promotes the understanding of the role that gender plays in survivor responses to disasters. The program embeds these insights into emergency management practice through training delivered to emergency management practitioners. This papers describes an independent evaluation of the program and reveals positive outcomes for participants in the emergency management and community sectors as well as highlighting key areas for further improvements.
Journal Article
Eliminating Serious Injury and Death from Road Transport
The book explodes the myths that currently drive society's view of traffic safety and limit progress in reducing death and serious injury. It presents current scientific knowledge in a non-technical way and draws parallels with other areas of public safety and public health.
eBook
Evolution of a holistic systems approach to planning and managing road safety: the Victorian case study, 1970–2015
BackgroundThe Victorian Safe System approach to road safety slowly evolved from a combination of the Swedish Vision Zero philosophy and the Sustainable Safety model developed by the Dutch. The Safe System approach reframes the way in which road safety is viewed and managed.MethodsThis paper presents a case study of the institutional change required to underpin the transformation to a holistic approach to planning and managing road safety in Victoria, Australia.ResultsThe adoption and implementation of a Safe System approach require strong institutional leadership and close cooperation among all the key agencies involved, and Victoria was fortunate in that it had a long history of strong interagency mechanisms in place. However, the challenges in the implementation of the Safe System strategy in Victoria are generally neither technical nor scientific; they are predominantly social and political. While many governments purport to develop strategies based on Safe System thinking, on-the-ground action still very much depends on what politicians perceive to be publicly acceptable, and Victoria is no exception.ConclusionsThis is a case study of the complexity of institutional change and is presented in the hope that the lessons may prove useful for others seeking to adopt more holistic planning and management of road safety. There is still much work to be done in Victoria, but the institutional cultural shift has taken root. Ongoing efforts must be continued to achieve alert and compliant road users; however, major underpinning benefits will be achieved through focusing on road network safety improvements (achieving forgiving infrastructure, such as wire rope barriers) in conjunction with reviews of posted speed limits (to be set in response to the level of protection offered by the road infrastructure) and by the progressive introduction into the fleet of modern vehicle safety features.
Journal Article
Physical bushfire preparation over time in Victoria, Australia
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the level of physical preparation for bushfire among Victorian residents in established high risk bushfire locations, and to assess whether these levels of preparation changed over time.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were analysed from a telephone survey among Victorian residents (n=614-629) living in high risk bushfire locations over a three-year period (2012-2014). The survey measured residents’ bushfire awareness, knowledge, planning, preparation and engagement with bushfire services. This paper focusses on the extent to which respondents undertook physical preparatory bushfire activities over the three-year period using: first, principal components analysis to generate a single preparation variable by identifying a smaller number of uncorrelated variables (or principal components) from a larger set of data, second, analysis of variance to assess differences in preparation scores between years, and third, Tukey’s honest significant difference test to confirm where the differences occurred between groups.
Findings
Results indicated only moderate levels of physical preparation for bushfires amongst respondents. The activities that respondents rated the lowest were: “having protective covers for windows” and “having firefighting equipment to protect the house”. A significant difference in total preparation scores over time was observed, F(2, 1,715)=6.159, p<0.005, with lower scores in 2012 compared with 2013 and 2014 scores.
Social implications
This study found some marginal improvements in levels of physical bushfire preparation from 2012 to 2014. However, the results indicate only moderate levels of preparation overall, despite respondents living in established high risk locations.
Originality/value
This study provides evidence for the current levels of preparedness in high risk bushfire communities, and emphasises the need for future initiatives to focus on specific bushfire preparation activities but also to consider the broader range of interventions that are likely to contribute to desired safety outcomes.
Journal Article
Understanding the role gender plays in survivor responses to natural disaster: evaluating the Lessons in Disaster Program
This paper evaluates four pilot training sessions conducted in August 2015 by Women’s Health Goulburn North East, Women’s Health In the North and the Monash University Disaster Resilience Initiative as part of the Gender and Disaster Pod initiative. The Lessons in Disaster Program promotes the understanding of the role that gender plays in survivor responses to disasters. The program embeds these insights into emergency management practice through training delivered to emergency management practitioners. This paper describes an independent evaluation of the program and reveals positive outcomes for participants in the emergency management and community sectors as well as highlighting key areas for further improvements.
Journal Article
Eliminating Serious Injury and Death from Road Transport Is Not a Pipe Dream
Every one of us uses the roads every day, most of us several times a day. We walk,
cycle, and drive as part of our daily lives; this is how we “get around” in order to
do all the things we want to do. Roads, and the vehicles they service, are also the
dominant means by which the vast majority of the goods we consume, and almost
all of the services we use, move from farm, port, factory, or business to warehouse,
tradesman’s premise, service centre, or retail outlet to our homes. Road use is such
a fundamental part of our lives that we take it for granted. A modern, efficient road
and road transport system is unquestionably critical to our standard of living. Not
surprisingly, though, given the staggering volume of road use and the ever-present
opportunity for something to go wrong, crashes are also commonplace daily events.
Book Chapter