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In this paper we define multilinear fractional integral operator and multilinear fractional maximal function in Dunkl setting and present a weighted theory for these operators. Sufficient conditions for two-weight inequalities are found using “power-bump” conditions and for one-weight inequalities Muckenhoupt-type conditions are obtained as sufficient condition.

Objectives: (1) To assess the risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) using a pre-designed questionnaire; (2) To assess the periodontal parameters like pocket probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) in the study subjects and (3) To determine the association between the shared risk factors of OSA and periodontitis. Background of the Study: Periodontitis is a microbially associated, host-mediated inflammatory disease that results in the loss of periodontal attachment. It has multifactorial etiology and has been linked to an array of systemic diseases. Though both periodontitis and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) share some common risk factors, the insight into the hypothetical speculative link remains vague. This study intended to probe into the association between periodontitis and OSA. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 subjects. The subjects were explained the nature of the study and written informed consent was obtained for participation in the study. The patients were administered a STOP-BANG questionnaire following which the periodontal parameters were recorded. The data obtained was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: A statistically significant increase in PPD and CAL scores were seen with the increase in OSA scores. A significant moderate positive correlation was found between OSA scores and PPD [r = 0.58, P < 0.001] and CAL [r = 0.55, P = 0.001]. Males were at increased risk for OSA and periodontitis. Age, hypertension and BMI which are the risk factors for periodontitis were also significantly higher in subjects at high risk for OSA. Conclusion: This study found a moderate positive association between periodontitis and OSA.

A comparative analysis is performed between a symmetric co-planar metal–semiconductor–metal Au–Ge/AlGaAs/Au–Ge photodetector based on naturally ordered superlattice structure in the semiconducting AlGaAs layer and the disordered AlGaAs layer as obtained by annealing the ordered sample at the order–disorder transition temperature. Before the device fabrication, the order to the disorder transition temperature of such periodic structure was determined by observing the X-ray rocking curves at different annealing temperatures and it was found to be 900 °C. The device operability of such structures was found within 400–900 nm of the electromagnetic spectrum. Under + 1 V bias, the peak responsivity, detectivity, and photosensitivity for the ordered sample were calculated to be 159.65 mA W −1 , 1.22 × 10 13 cmHz 1/2  W −1 , and 1.29 × 10 3 cm 2  W −1 , respectively, and at − 1 V bias, these values were 20.67 mA W −1 , 3.1 × 10 12 cmHz 1/2  W −1 , and 165.35 cm 2  W −1 , respectively in the presence of illumination of wavelength 750 nm at a fixed optical power. Whereas the device having homogeneous composition showed poor responsivity, detectivity, and photosensitivity of 22.58 mA W −1 , 1.13 × 10 12 cmHz 1/2  W −1 , and 45.15 cm 2  W −1 , respectively at + 1 V and at − 1 V these values were 10.37 mA W −1 , 1.04 × 10 12 cmHz 1/2  W −1 , and 41.49 cm 2  W −1 , respectively being peaked at 700 nm. Furthermore, the device with natural superlattice ordering showed superior temporal response with a rise time of 357 μs and decay times of 136 μs and 1.6 ms, respectively. The improvement of the photodetector performance using superlattice structures was explained considering the ordering-induced built-in electric field at the heterointerfaces under proper biasing conditions.

Optical fiber has become an indispensable tool in our everyday life because of it’s special properties to send light to long distances without losing much of it’s signal power, compared to conventional wire. Although optical fiber is proven to be more efficient and very fast in delivering signal in the area of communication industry, still some losses of signals occur inside the fiber optic cable. Most of the losses have been described in standard text books viz. scattering loss, bending losses, absorption loss etc are pretty straight forward when one calculates the loss of signal power inside an optical fiber. In this article, the loss of signal is calculated and studied by considering Fresnel’s equation (due to Fresnel’s reflection at the boundary) along with absorption loss due to materials property. Although Fresnel’s loss is very small but it could be significant if the fiber connection is thousands of kilometers long and there are multiple joints of different fibers. This Fresnel’s loss only happens at the boundary of a material. For simplicity the loss due to scattering, bending of rays and any other types of losses have been ignore in this work, except absorption loss.

We first derive Alber’s equation for the Wigner distribution function using the fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation, and on the basis of this equation we next analyse the stability of the narrowband approximation of the Joint North Sea Wave Project spectrum. Therefore, one interesting result of this study concerns the effect of modulational instability obtained from the fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The analysis is restricted to one horizontal direction, parallel to the direction of wave motion, to take advantage of potential flow theory. We find that shear currents considerably modify the instability behaviours of weakly nonlinear waves. The key point of this study is that the present fourth-order analysis shows considerable deviations in the modulational instability properties from the third-order analysis and reduces the growth rate of instability. Moreover, we present here a connection between the random and deterministic properties of a random wavetrain for vanishing spectrum bandwidth.

In emerging and poor nations, water scarcity and related problems are surging, and they are getting worse due to unfavourable geo-climatic conditions. Two years from the prior body of literature were used in this study: one is a drought year (2010) and the other is a normal year (2017). Weighted overlay analysis has been performed to pinpoint the best location for the construction of the water reservoirs. Five key variables were selected to achieve the goal: distance from the settlement, drainage network, land use and land cover, slope, and lastly soil texture of the study region. The weighted sum of the individual parameters was determined using the AHP approach. 32 existing minor irrigation dam locations were used to evaluate the model of site appropriateness for water reservoirs. The model has been validated by the ROC curve technique where the Area under curve (AUC) value is 0.77. So the value of AUC indicates the model acceptance. The overall suitability of the Community development block has been determined using the TOPSIS approach. The Kashipur block has gained the top spot in terms of total potentiality, according to the PI value, while the Bundwan block is in last place with a rating of 6. Hura, Puncha, and Barabazar have managed to secure second position after Kashipur Block in terms of total potential. Purulia-II, Manbazar-I, Purulia-I, Para are found in third and fourth positions, respectively. The Bundwan block is the initial requirement zone for the construction of a water reservoir, according to this study, which also attempted to establish a model of the water reservoirs requirement zone in relation to the crop water shortage index and applied to assess the total requirement zone. Neturia, Santuri, Jhalda, and Manbazar-II are the necessary blocks for the second stage. The next stage required zone includes Raghunathpur-II, Raghunathpur-I, Jaypur, Jhalda-I, Baghmundi, and Balarampur. The outcome also shows that Kashipur and Barabazar CD Blocks do not have as much need for water reservoirs for irrigation. This model will help to improve the government's initiative and also make it easier in the future to build water reservoirs.

For last couple of decades scientists and engineers made a significant progress in fabricating and developing photonic crystal fibers that show some of the very unique properties and because of this, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have the potential to revolutionize the fiber optic industry in way never happens before. These types of fibers are fabricated and designed on the scale of optical wavelength, a fraction of a micrometer or less. One of the many applications of photonic crystal fibers is the sensing of gas and consequently it could be used as a gas sensor. Many scientists have already reported the use of PCFs as a gas sensor. In this review article, the work done by other scientists using photonic crystal fibers as a gas sensor have been reported. We have also talked about the future applications of PCFs as a gas sensor in different industry.

Pinus wood is selected for this study because it is freely available near to Punjab in Jammu & Kashmir region. Kinetic studies are extremely useful for the interpretation of reaction mechanism and catalytic phenomenon, optimization, behavior on molecular basis and build-out of new chemical processes. This study is highly focused to characterize the pinus wood by using proximate analysis, FTIR analysis, calorific value and TGA. In this study kinetics evaluation performed by using Coats and Redfern method, this method is non-isothermal type and throughout this study it was observed that pinus wood has the high thermal stability and it can be used for the applications for the production of clean and eco-friendly energy.

For the past few decades there has been tremendous innovation and development of Terahertz (THz) science and imaging. In particular, the technique of 3-D computed tomography has been adapted from the X-Ray to the THz range. However, the finite refractive index of materials in the THz range can severally refract probing THz beams during the acquisition of tomography data. Due to Fresnel reflection power losses at the boundaries as well as steering of the THz beam through the sample, refractive effects lead to anomalously high local attenuation coefficients near the material boundaries of a reconstructed image. These boundary phenomena can dominate the reconstructed THz-CT images making it difficult to distinguish structural defect(s) inside the material. In this paper an algorithm has been developed to remove the effects of refraction in THz-CT reconstructed images. The algorithm is successfully implemented on cylindrical shaped objects.

Combating Type-2 diabetes mellitus is a pivotal challenge in front of the present world. Several lines of therapy are in practice for resisting this deadly disease which often culminates with cardiovascular complexities, neuropathy and retinopathy. Among various therapies, administration of alpha glucosidase inhibitors is common and widely practiced. Sulfonylurea category of anti diabetic drug often suffers from cross reactivity with sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a common drug in use to treat a handful of microbial infections. However the specific cellular target generating postprandial hypoglycemia on SMX administration is till date unraveled. The present work has been initiated to elucidate the effects of a group of sulfonamide drugs inclusive of SMX for their amylase inhibitory role. SMX inhibits porcine pancreatic amylase (PPA) in a noncompetitive mode with an average IC 50 value 0.94 mM respectively. Interaction of SMX with PPA is manifested with gradual quenching of tryptophan fluorescence with concomitant shift in lambda max value (λ max ). Binding is governed by entropy driven factor (24.8 cal mol −1  K −1 ) with unfavorable contribution from enthalpy change. SMX interferes with the activity of acarbose in a synergistic mode to reduce the effective dose of acarbose as evident from the in vitro PPA inhibition study. In summary, loss of PPA activity in presence of SMX is indicative of structural changes of PPA which is further augmented in the presence of acarbose as explained in the schematic model and docking study.