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Polycystic ovarian, or stein leventhal, syndrome (PCOS) is an inflammatory disorder resulting in metabolic dysregulation and ovarian dysfunction as well as women's infertility. Management of PCOS requires multiple approaches. This experimental study was sought to assess the influence of m (CZ) derived silver particles (AgNPs) on inflammatory cytokines in rats with PCOS. In this experimental study, AgNPs were synthesized using CZ bark extract, and characterized by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Thirty female rats, rattus norvegicus, were grouped into five groups (6 animals/group). The experimental groups were vehicle control group (received 0.2 ml corn oil only), PCOS (received estradiol valerate of 4 mg/kg only), PCOS group received CZ extract (200 mg/kg), PCOS group received metformin (50 mg/kg) and PCOS group received AgNPs (3.53 mg/kg). After 30 days of treatment, serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukins-18 (IL-18), and 6 (IL-6) were measured using ELISA. Significant elevation (P<0.05) was noted in TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-18 levels of the PCOS group when compared with findings in the control group (TNF-α: 250.4 ± 32.5 vs. 164.3 ± 34.4 ng/L, IL-6: 169.8 ± 9.4 vs. 77.0 ± 9.3 pg/ml, and IL-18: 45.9 ± 5.5 vs. 35.3 ± 4.1 ng/L). Importantly, AgNPs decreased all three inflammatory biomarkers in the treated group when compared with the PCOS group (TNF-α: 173.9 ± 31.2 vs. 250.4 ± 32.5 ng/L, IL-6: 133.7 ± 9.3 vs. 169.8 ± 9.4 pg/ml, and IL-18: 36.1 ± 6.2 vs. 45.9 ± 5.5 ng/L). CZ-derived AgNPs may have an anti-inflammatory effect in PCOS rats by decreasing the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18.

The pollutants are the effective factors of the presence and spread of aquatic organisms, and the haematological and hormonal parameters are the most common stress indicatorsthat can estimated the fish health. In the present study, some chemical and physical parameters were analyzed from two stations in Basrah province, from Marine Science Centre tanks -BasrahUniversity and the other station in Al-HababaRiver in AbuAl-Khasseebdistrict. An attempt has been made to study the effect of pollutant stressors on haematological [red blood cell count (RBCs), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell count (WbC) and differential leucocyte count (DLC)] and hormonal (TSH, T3, T4, testosterone, cortisol and glucose) parameters of two types of fish Tilapiazillii and Cyprinuscarpio. Under the effect of natural stressors, pysico-chemical factors were found to exhibit significant decline in RBC, Hb, PCV and WBCs. DLC when viewed revealed a decrease in lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils whereas neutrophils and thrombocytes exhibited rather an appreciable increase. A significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) cortisol and glucose levels were observed up. Tilapiazillii and Cyprinuscarpio also depicted significant decline in TEC, Hb and Hct under the effect of phosphate (6.05 mg/l). TLC depicted significant increase and among Differential leucocyte count (DLC) lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils register an increase but neutrophils, basophils and thrombocyte counts exhibit a decline in their numbers, also Cortisol and glucose levels were noticed to increase. Generally, C. carpio was more affected than T.zillii regarding haematological, biochemical indicators and histopathological examinations.

Purpose Congenital microcephaly (CM) is an important birth defect with long term neurological sequelae. We aimed to perform detailed phenotypic and genomic analysis of patients with Mendelian forms of CM. Methods Clinical phenotyping, targeted or exome sequencing, and autozygome analysis. Results We describe 150 patients (104 families) with 56 Mendelian forms of CM. Our data show little overlap with the genetic causes of postnatal microcephaly. We also show that a broad definition of primary microcephaly —as an autosomal recessive form of nonsyndromic CM with severe postnatal deceleration of occipitofrontal circumference—is highly sensitive but has a limited specificity. In addition, we expand the overlap between primary microcephaly and microcephalic primordial dwarfism both clinically (short stature in >52% of patients with primary microcephaly) and molecularly (e.g., we report the first instance of CEP135 -related microcephalic primordial dwarfism). We expand the allelic and locus heterogeneity of CM by reporting 37 novel likely disease-causing variants in 27 disease genes, confirming the candidacy of ANKLE2, YARS , FRMD4A , and THG1L , and proposing the candidacy of BPTF , MAP1B , CCNH , and PPFIBP1 . Conclusion Our study refines the phenotype of CM, expands its genetics heterogeneity, and informs the workup of children born with this developmental brain defect.