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Chicken feed efficiency (FE) traits are the most important economic traits in broiler production. Several studies evaluating genetic factors affecting food consumption in chickens are available. However, most of these studies identified genomic regions containing putative quantitative trait loci for each trait separately. It is still a challenge to find common gene networks related to these traits. Therefore, here, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to explore candidate genomic regions responsible for Feed Intake (FI), Body Weight Gain (BWG) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) traits and their gene networks. A total of 1430 broilers from an experimental population was genotyped with the high density Affymetrix 600K SNP array. A total of 119 associated SNPs located in 20 chromosomes were identified, where some of them were common in more than one FE trait. In addition, novel genomic regions were prospected considering the SNPs dominance effects and sex interaction, identifying putative candidate genes only when these effects were fit in the model. Relevant candidate genes such as ATRNL1, PIK3C2A, PTPRN2, SORCS3 and gga-mir-1759 were highlighted in this study helping to elucidate the genomic architecture of feed efficiency traits. These results provide new insights on the mechanisms underlying the consumption and utilization of food in chickens.

Within the family Calliphoridae, the genus Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, includes species of medical, veterinary and forensic relevance. This study reports for the first time the presence of Calliphora rohdendorfi (Grunin, 1966) in the Italian territory, namely in Calabrian Apennines (Southern Italy). The adults of the species were captured by bait bottle and yellow pan traps within a monitoring project of Diptera Brachycera involving Parco Nazionale dell’Aspromonte (Aspromonte National Park), Parco Nazionale della Sila (Sila National Park) and Parco Naturale Regionale delle Serre (Natural Regional Park of Serre), between 2018 and 2021. Calliphora rohdendorfi was identified on detailed morphological bases of both sexes. This was the first description of the general morphology of the female and its terminalia through digital photographs acquired by stereomicroscopy. The species was captured in pine and beech forests at an altitude between 1010 and 1820 m a.s.l. in shaded mountain areas. Prior to the finding in Southern Italy, this species showed an unusually disjointed distribution in Caucasus, Germany and Poland, thus the presence of C. rohdendorfi in Calabrian Apennines provides new and interesting data that require further investigation, because the species could play a role as flower visitor, pollinator and forensic indicator.

BackgroundChlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmissible infections globally and can lead to reproductive complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Interventions to reduce disease burden, including retesting for reinfection, partner management, and early detection of complications, are the focus of the Management of Chlamydia Cases in Australia (MoCCA) study, an implementation and feasibility trial aiming to strengthen chlamydia management in Australian general practice. This study aimed to identify factors influencing participation in and adoption of a multifaceted chlamydia management intervention within the general practice setting.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with general practice staff (n = 13) from clinics (n = 9) participating in the MoCCA study. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis to identify facilitators and barriers to study participation and intervention adoption.ResultsParticipants felt that practice champions, motivated staff and interventions that improved workflow efficiency, integrated with existing processes and improved patient interactions, facilitated participation in, and adoption of, study interventions. A perceived lack of staff engagement related to time constraints, competing priorities, staff retention issues and interventions that were less convenient to use or had reduced patient uptake were identified as barriers to participation.ConclusionsIdentifying perceived facilitators and barriers to successful implementation of a multifaceted chlamydia intervention enables public health practitioners to better support general practice in the ongoing uptake and use of evidence-based chlamydia management strategies, ultimately aiming to reduce the burden of chlamydia and its complications in Australia.

α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is intimately linked to the etiology of Parkinson's Disease, as mutations and even subtle increases in gene dosage result in early onset of the disease. However, how this protein causes neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration is incompletely understood. We thus examined a comprehensive range of physiological parameters in cultured rat primary neurons overexpressing α-Syn at levels causing a slowly progressive neurodegeneration. In contradiction to earlier reports from non-neuronal assay systems we demonstrate that α-Syn does not interfere with essential ion handling capacities, mitochondrial capability of ATP production or basic electro-physiological properties like resting membrane potential or the general ability to generate action potentials. α-Syn also does not activate canonical stress kinase Signaling converging on SAPK/Jun, p38 MAPK or Erk kinases. Causative for α-Syn-induced neurodegeneration are mitochondrial thiol oxidation and activation of caspases downstream of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, leading to apoptosis-like cell death execution with some unusual aspects. We also aimed to elucidate neuroprotective strategies counteracting the pathophysiological processes caused by α-Syn. Neurotrophic factors, calpain inhibition and increased lysosomal protease capacity showed no protective effects against α-Syn overexpression. In contrast, the major watchdog of outer mitochondrial membrane integrity, Bcl-Xl, was capable of almost completely preventing neuron death, but did not prevent mitochondrial thiol oxidation. Importantly, independent from the quite mono-causal induction of neurotoxicity, α-Syn causes diminished excitability of neurons by external stimuli and robust impairments in endogenous neuronal network activity by decreasing the frequency of action potentials generated without external stimulation. This latter finding suggests that α-Syn can induce neuronal dysfunction independent from its induction of neurotoxicity and might serve as an explanation for functional deficits that precede neuronal cell loss in synucleopathies like Parkinson's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies.

Pathology education is a core component of medical training, and its literature is critical for refining educational modalities. We performed a cross-sectional bibliometric analysis to explore publications on pathology education, focusing on new medical education technologies. The analysis identified 64 pathology journals and 53 keywords. Relevant articles were collected using a web application, PaperScraper, developed to accelerate literature search. Citation data were collected from multiple sources. Descriptive statistics, with time period analysis, were performed using Microsoft Excel and visualised with Flourish Studio. Two article groups were further investigated with a bibliometric software, VOSViewer, to establish co-authorship and keyword relationships. 8946 citations were retrieved from 905 selected articles. Most articles were published in the last decade (447, 49.4%). The top journals were (184), (122) and the (117). The highest number of citations was found for (2120), followed by (2098) and (1142). Authors with different backgrounds had the greatest number of articles and citations. 12 co-authorship, 3 keyword and 8 co-citation clusters were found for the social media/online resources group, 8 co-authorship, 4 keyword and 7 co-citation clusters for the digital pathology/virtual microscopy/mobile technologies group. The analysis revealed a significant increase in publications over time. The emergence of digital teaching and learning resources played a major role in this growth. Overall, these findings underscore the transformative potential of technology in pathology education.

The JANUS instrument (Jovis, Amorum ac Natorum Undique Scrutator) aboard the JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) is a multispectral camera enabling imaging in the 380-1080 nm wavelength range. The performance and capability of JANUS fulfils all requirements for imaging the variety of different targets JUICE will investigate, including the icy satellites, Io, small inner and irregular moons, the rings and Jupiter itself. JUICE’s orbital trajectory in the Jupiter system will allow icy Galilean satellites observations from afar to closest approaches of a few hundred kilometres, resulting in spatial sampling from km/pixel down to 3 m/pixel respectively. All other targets will be observed from a distance > several 10 5  km , i.e. spatial sampling above several km/pixel. Thirteen bandpass filters provide good spectral coverage with bandwidths from several tens of nm down to 10 nm. The spectral resolution of JANUS will provide unprecedented characterization of endogenic and exogenic geological processes that shaped the icy satellites surfaces, enable monitoring of volcanic activity on Io, and enable investigation of the physical and dynamical properties of small satellites and rings. The dynamics of Jupiter’s atmosphere will be characterised over more than three years at different altitudes thanks to the ad-hoc selected filters. This paper briefly summarizes the science objectives of JANUS and describes in some detail the instrument architecture, its design, performances and observational capabilities. Although specific aspects, like e.g. data calibration, will be covered in future papers, this work is aimed at offering a general reference to the science enabled by JANUS and the design and capabilities of the instrument.

The diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are absorption lines observed in visual and near-infrared spectra of stars. Understanding their origin in the interstellar medium is one of the oldest problems in astronomical spectroscopy, as DIBs have been known since 1922. In a completely new approach to understanding DIBs, we combined information from nearly 500,000 stellar spectra obtained by the massive spectroscopic survey RAVE (Radial Velocity Experiment) to produce the first pseudo–three-dimensional map of the strength of the DIB at 8620 angstroms covering the nearest 3 kiloparsecs from the Sun, and show that it follows our independently constructed spatial distribution of extinction by interstellar dust along the Galactic plane. Despite having a similar distribution in the Galactic plane, the DIB 8620 carrier has a significantly larger vertical scale height than the dust. Even if one DIB may not represent the general DIB population, our observations outline the future direction of DIB research.

Chlamydia remains the most notified bacterial sexually transmissible infection in Australia with guidelines recommending testing for re-infection at 3months post treatment. This paper aimed to determine chlamydia retesting and repeat positivity rates within 2-4months among young women in Australia, and to evaluate what factors increase or decrease the likelihood of retesting. Chlamydia retesting rates among 16-29-year-old women were analysed from Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance of sexually transmissible infection and bloodborne virus (ACCESS) sentinel surveillance data (n =62 sites). Among women with at least one positive test between 1 January 2018 and 31 August 2022, retesting counts and proportions within 2-4months were calculated. Logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with retesting within 2-4months. Among 8758 women who were positive before 31 August 2022 to allow time for follow up, 1423 (16.2%) were retested within 2-4months, of whom 179 (12.6%) tested positive. The odds of retesting within 2-4months were 25% lower if tested in a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-9) pandemic year (2020-2022) (aOR=0.75; 95% CI 0.59-0.95). Among 9140 women with a positive test before 30 November 2022, 397 (4.3%) were retested too early (within 7days to 1month) and 81 (20.4%) of those were positive. Chlamydia retesting rates remain low with around a sixth of women retested within 2-4months in line with guidelines. Re-infection is common with around one in eight retesting positive. An increase in retesting is required to reduce the risk of reproductive complications and onward transmission.

Animals were sacrificed 10 weeks after DMH or DEN injections for evaluating aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in colon and GST-P+ (placental form of glutathione-S-transferase enzyme) foci in liver of Wistar rats.

Background The early management of polytrauma patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is a major challenge. Sparse data is available to provide optimal care in this scenario and worldwide variability in clinical practice has been documented in recent studies. Methods A multidisciplinary consensus panel of physicians selected for their established clinical and scientific expertise in the acute management of tSCI polytrauma patients with different specializations was established. The World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) and the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) endorsed the consensus, and a modified Delphi approach was adopted. Results A total of 17 statements were proposed and discussed. A consensus was reached generating 17 recommendations (16 strong and 1 weak). Conclusions This consensus provides practical recommendations to support a clinician’s decision making in the management of tSCI polytrauma patients.