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The incidence of cancer is increasing in Ethiopia, and it poses significant financial burden on households. However, data on the prevalence of household food insecurity and associated factors among adult cancer patients in Africa is scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of food insecurity and identify factors associated with it among adult cancer patients in Southern Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 338 cancer patients from November 2023 to February 2024. Binary logistic regression model was built in RStudio. The prevalence of food insecurity among cancer patients in this study was 64.2% (95% CI: 58.96–69.16). An increase in age (AOR = 0.97 95% CI; (0.94, 0.99), being married (AOR = 0.37 95% CI; (0.19, 0.74), taking chemotherapy (AOR = 0.27 95% CI; (0.14, 0.51), and an increase in the number of chemotherapy cycles (AOR = 0.83 95% CI; (0.74, 0.92) were associated with lower odds of food insecurity. On the other hand, the odds of being food insecure was higher among participants with poorer performance status (AOR = 1.65 95% CI; (1.21, 2.32). Integrating brief food-insecurity screening into routine oncology visits can help identify patients at risk. Addressing food insecurity should be a core component of comprehensive cancer care in low-resource settings.

Dyslipidemia is a well-established, modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia, its components, and associated factors among adult patients residing in Ethiopia. A comprehensive search of articles was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, and University repositories. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal criteria. Dyslipidemia was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III cut-off points. We pooled the effect sizes using a random-effects model in Stata (v.16). Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were also performed. Small study effect was assessed by Luis Furuya-Kanamori asymmetry index, Doi plot, funnel plot, and Egger's tests. Out of 640 initially identified articles, 104 underwent full-text review, and 62 met the inclusion criteria for the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of overall dyslipidemia was 64% (95% CI: 54-74%; I2 = 98.74; P < 0.001). The prevalence of elevated total cholesterol was 32% (95% CI: 27-36%; I2 = 97.09; P < 0.001), elevated total triglycerides was 43% (95% CI: 38-47%; I2 = 97.56; P < 0.001), elevated low-density lipoprotein was 30% (95% CI: 24-36%; I2 = 97.24; P < 0.001), and low high-density lipoprotein was 48% (95% CI: 42-54%; I2 = 98.53; P < 0.001). Having high wrist circumference, older age, being overweight or obese, residing in urban, being an alcohol consumer, being a smoker, and being physically inactive were associated with increased odds of dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia prevalence is alarmingly high among adults with coexisting chronic diseases in Ethiopia, posing a significant public health challenge. Regular screening, early detection, and prompt management of dyslipidemia are critical to addressing this issue.