Explore the vast range of titles available.

Any type of sexual dysfunction is an important problem in half of the patients with depressive disorder. On the other hand, one to a quarter of people without any depressive disorder experience sexual dysfunction. Antidepressant agents can lead to all types of sexual side effects including arousal, libido, orgasm and ejaculation problems. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a widely used class of drugs which are prescribed for the treatment of a variety of disorders, including major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and impulse control disorders. It has been reported that one in eight people have utilized one of the SSRIs in the past 10 years. Some studies reported up to 80% of SSRI-induced sexual side effects. Management of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction seems to be complex and hard. In this paper, SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction and new perspectives in the management of this problem were reviewed.

Introduction: The level of cognitive error in functional neurological symptom disorder (FNSD, conversion disorder) subtypes [psychogenic non-epileptic seizure (PNES), motor (M), PNES plus motor (PM), motor plus somatosensory (MS)] have not yet been investigated. Aim: We aimed to qualify the level of cognitive error in FNSD subtypes. Materials and methods: The disorder symptoms were assessed via the somatoform dissociation questionnaire (SDQ), the symptom check list-90-revised (SCL-90-R), and the global assessment scale (GAS). The cognitive distortions scale (CDS) was used to evaluate cognitive errors. Results: Mean ages of groups were 28.37±6.99 years (PNES, n=24), 27.90±6.22 years (M, n=21), 30.36±7.86 years (PM, n=19), 31.38±9.02 years (MS, n=21), and 30.87±7.17 years (control, n=48) (p=0.377). In terms of the global severity index of SCL-90-R, there were significant differences between PNES and PM (p=0.003); PNES and MS (p0.999); PM and MS (p=0.172). There was no significant difference between the CDS-PA scores of the patient groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that in FNSD, the somatosensory symptoms were more associated with cognitive errors related to interpersonal relationships than the motor symptoms and the motor symptoms were more than PNES.

BackgroundReligious practices and experiences are thought to involve a variety of thoughts and behaviors, and various studies hypothesize the relationship between religion and changes in the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the corpus callosum (CC) of prayers by statistical shape analysis (SSA) and compare it with healthy ones who did not.MethodsThe study group consisted of 13 healthy people who pray regularly and the control group consisted of 14 healthy people who did not pray. Participants were scanned with a 1.5 T scanner and a high-resolution structural image of the entire brain was obtained with sagittal 3D spiral fast spin echo. In mid-sagittal images of each individual, the CC was marked using landmarks. The mean of 'Procrustes' points was calculated and shape deformations were evaluated using thin plate spline analysis.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the CC area of prayers and controls. Maximum CC deformation was observed in the body and rostrum region markings during prayers. There was no significant difference in the other parameters of the individuals who performed regular prayers compared to the controls.ConclusionsCorpus callosum analysis with SSA revealed differences between prayers and healthies. The study findings highlighted the abnormal distribution of white matter in the CC and the variable subregional nature of CC in prayers. The study findings showed that shape analysis could be a useful technique to show variations in the corpus callosum using MRI images.

Purpose The study aims to explore the relationship between orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and thalamus volumes and metacognition in patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). By analyzing structural MRI data and metacognitive measures, it investigates how brain volume variations correlate with dysfunctional beliefs and OCD symptoms. Method The study consisted of 20 patients with OCD and 20 healthy controls. Yale‐Brown Obsession Compulsion Scale (Y‐BOCS), Metacognition Questionnaire‐30 (MCQ‐30), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM‐D), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM‐A) were administered to OCD patients and healthy controls. They then underwent structural MRI scans to measure the volume of the OFC and thalamus. Finding On both sides, OCD patients had smaller volumes of OFC than healthy control individuals, and their thalamic volumes were similar to those of the control participants. Furthermore, MCQ‐30 scores showed a substantial negative correlation with left OFC volume. Conclusion In conclusion, we suggest that dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs might be related to the occurrence of OCD, and these beliefs might be associated with the left side of OFC neuroanatomically. This study investigates the interplay between metacognitive processes and the neuroanatomical characteristics of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and thalamus in obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). Findings suggest that reduced OFC volumes and specific metacognitive dysfunctions are closely linked to OCD symptoms, highlighting the critical role of these brain regions in understanding and potentially addressing the cognitive mechanisms underlying OCD.

Aims: In the present study, it was hypothesised that compared to healthy control subjects, significant differences in the cortical thickness of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) region of the brain, which is relevant to both impulsivity and decision making, would be identified. Methods: The subject groups included in the study were composed of 15 individuals who met the criteria for alcohol use disorder, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM 5) diagnostic criteria based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM 5 (SCID), and were admitted to the Firat University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry or were hospitalised, and 17 healthy control comparisons were made. The volumes of and cortical thickness of the OFC were measured in the subjects. Results: It was found that patients with alcohol use disorder had reduced volumes of the OFC bilaterally and a thinner cortical thickness of the same region bilaterally compared to those of the healthy control comparisons. Conclusions: Consequently, it is suggested that the OFC region of the brain appears to be statistically significantly smaller in patients with alcohol use disorder, both in terms of cortical thickness and volume, compared to healthy controls. Future research should focus on the status of these relationships longitudinally and should assess the causality of the association with the treatment response.

Background Sexual violence remains a significant social issue that affects people from all walks of life. This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic data and after follow-up psychiatric examination of sexual violence victims evaluated by the board of doctors from different branches. Results The data of 356 sexual violence victims evaluated by the board were analyzed retrospectively. It was determined that the victims were 82.6% (294/356) females, and all the perpetrators were men. The median age of male victims was significantly younger than that of female victims. The most common type of sexual violence that the victims claimed was penetration with 50.3%. It was determined that male victims were exposed to sexual violence more frequently by more than one assailant and female victims by acquaintances. Psychiatric diagnosis was detected in 28.4% of the victims after follow-up. While the rates of psychiatric diagnosis after the follow-up of those exposed to sexual violence by family members were significantly higher, the rates of psychiatric diagnosis were lower in those exposed to tactile sexual violence. Conclusions It was concluded that in addition to the genito-anal examination, victims should be monitored for psychiatric pathology.

Objective: This study aims to establish in chronic HBV patients the frequency of depression and anxiety, indepen-dently from drug side effects, among the antiviral-treated group and the untreated follow-up group and accordingly, to evaluate relationship between the treatment and the factors affecting prevalence of depression and anxiety in these patients. Methods: Included in our study are patients aged between 18 and 60 followed-up and treated for chronic hepatitis B. Three groups were formed in our study: chronic hepatitis group treated with oral antiviral agents (n=103 patients), untreated chronic infection group (n=94 patients) and healthy control group with the same age as treatment group patients (n=50). Factors such as age, sex, education, marital status of the patient, duration of the illness, whether or not the patient is treated, treatment type if treated, history of a prior hepatitis and cirrhosis in family are examined. All participants are scored using Hamilton Anxiety and Hamilton Depression Scales. Results: Two hundred and forty-seven people consisting of 169 males (68.4%) and 78 females (31.6%) were included in this study. No difference was observed in terms of demographical characteristics of all groups. In comparison there among, a statistically significant anxiety and depression score was detected between the chronic infection group on one side and the chronic hepatitis and the control groups on the other side. For participants with a family history of cirrhosis due to chronic HBV, not only anxiety, but also depression scores were detected to be significantly high. Compared to participants with higher education levels, anxiety and depression scores of participants with lower educations levels were determined to be significantly high. Conclusion: This study, the depression and anxiety scores being lower in antiviral treatment group as regards the group treated for chronic infection may be construed as a result of therapeutic effect of antiviral agents on hepatitis, but beyond that, it may also be a reflection of direct effect of known immunological impacts of inflammation on depression and anxiety in the etiology of which inflam-mation is known to play a significant role. This finding requires further studies on wider sampling groups. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2019; 20(5):515-521)

Duloxetine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is used for diabetic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia as well as major depressive disorder. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors may lead to increased blood pressure via their noradrenergic effects in addition to their cardiovascular side effects. In this paper, we report a case with increased blood pressure after the initiation of duloxetine that recovered by discontinuation of the medication.

Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and complications. This increased risk is considered to be associated with the autonomic nervous system (ANS) abnormalities. However, there is little or no documentation of the relationship between this increased risk and the phases of BD. In this study, we aimed to compare the changes in the QT dispersion (QTd) and P-wave dispersion (Pd), which are predictors of sudden cardiac death and atrial fibrillation, between the patients with manic BD and healthy controls. The study included a patient group of 44 patients (26 female and 18 male) that were hospitalized due to a diagnosis of manic BD and met the inclusion criteria, and a control group of 34 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals (21 female and 13 male) with no history of psychiatric and neurological disorders. The QTd and Pd values were determined in each participant by performing the standard 12-lead body surface electrocardiography (ECG). The principal electrocardiographic indicators including corrected maximum QT interval, corrected QT dispersion, and minimum P-wave duration significantly increased in the patient group compared to the control group ( =2.815, <0.01; =4.935, <0.001; =3.337, <0.001, respectively). The results indicated that patients with manic BD are at increased risk for cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. Therefore, clinicians should be more careful about ECG changes and related possible cardiac conduction problems such as cardiac arrthythmias in patients with manic BD. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate BD and its phases (depression, mania, and hypomania) with regard to ANS and cardiac abnormalities.

Any type of sexual dysfunction is an important problem in half of the patients with depressive disorder. On the other hand, one to a quarter of people without any depressive disorder experience sexual dysfunction. Antidepressant agents can lead to all types of sexual side effects including arousal, libido, orgasm and ejaculation problems. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a widely used class of drugs which are prescribed for the treatment of a variety of disorders, including major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and impulse control disorders. It has been reported that one in eight people have utilized one of the SSRIs in the past 10 years. Some studies reported up to 80% of SSRI-induced sexual side effects. Management of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction seems to be complex and hard. In this paper, SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction and new perspectives in the management of this problem were reviewed.