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3 result(s) for "Muradov, Alexander"
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Determinants of Regional Innovation in Russia: Are People or Capital More Important?
Spending on innovation increased annually in the 2000s in Russia’s regions, but innovation productivity varies greatly between regions. In the current climate of sanctions between Russia and Western countries and limitations on international technology transfer, there is a growing need to analyse the factors influencing regional innovation. Previous empirical studies using a knowledge production function approach have found that the main factor of the growth of regional innovation is increasing spending on research and development (R&D). Our econometric analyses show that the quality of human capital, a product of the number of economically active urban citizens with a higher education (the so-called creative class) has the greatest influence on the number of potentially commercializable patents. Other significant factors were buying equipment, which indicates a high rate of wear and tear of Russian machinery, and spending on basic research. The ‘centre-periphery’ structure of Russia’s innovation system favours the migration of highly qualified researchers to leading regions, which weakens the potential of the ‘donor regions’. However, at the same time, we see significantly fewer limitations on knowledge spillovers in the form of patents and - in this case - proximity to the ‘centres’ is a positive factor.
Nonspherical Gold Nanoparticles as Bright Light Scattering Labels with Narrow Plasmon Lines
In this paper we discuss the potential of nonspherical gold nanoparticles to serve as extremely bright light scattering labels for the detection of disease through several centimeters of tissue in humans in vivo. However, attempts to realize this important potential of gold nanoparticles have been limited by the broad spectroscopic linewidths usually observed. We identify the origin of this broadening as inhomogeneous broadening due to the extreme sensitivity of the surface plasmon resonance to the nanoparticle aspect ratio.
Факторы инновационной активности регионов России: что важнее — человек или капитал?
Затраты на поддержку инновационной деятельности в российских регионах в 2000-е гг. планомерно росли одновременно с сильной дифференциацией ее результатов. Внешнеэкономические санкции и ограничения по технологическому импорту придали актуальность исследованию факторов региональной изобретательской активности. Эмпирические работы в этой области подтвердили основные положения теоретической модели производственной функции знаний, определив ключевым фактором развития инноваций увеличение затрат на научные исследования.Как показано в статье, количество потенциально коммерциализируемых патентов в наибольшей степени зависит от качества человеческого капитала, производного от численности экономически активных горожан с высшим образованием (так называемый креативный класс). Значимым фактором выступают также затраты на приобретение оборудования вследствие его высокого износа и на фундаментальные исследования, закладывающие основу для новых разработок. Центр-периферийная структура российской инновационной системы способствует миграции высококвалифицированных исследователей в регионы-лидеры, ослабляя потенциал регионов-доноров. Вместе с тем ограничения на переток знаний в форме патентов существенно меньше, а потому близость к «центру» в этом случае рассматривается как положительный фактор.