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The present study focused on a simple and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with multipurpose anticancer and antimicrobial activities. We studied a green synthesis route to produce AgNPs by using an aqueous extract of seeds (3 mM). Their antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity on human neonatal skin stromal cells (hSSCs) and colon cancer cells (HT115) were assessed. A biophysical characterization of the synthesized AgNPs was realized: the morphology of AgNPs was determined by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and ultraviolet-vis absorption spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy showed spherical shapes of AgNPs of seed extracts with a 3.2 nm minimum diameter and average diameter ranging from 3.2 to 16 nm. X-ray powder diffraction highlighted the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles, ultraviolet-vis absorption spectroscopy was used to monitor their synthesis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the main reducing groups from the seed extract. Energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to confirm the presence of elemental silver. We evaluated the antimicrobial potential of green-synthesized AgNPs against five infectious bacteria: (29213), (4436), (G455), , and In addition, we focused on the toxicological effects of AgNPs against hSSC cells and HT115 cells by using in vitro proliferation tests and cell viability assays. Among the different tested concentrations of nanoparticles, doses < 10 µg showed few adverse effects on cell proliferation without variations in viability, whereas doses >10 µg led to increased cytotoxicity. Overall, our results highlighted the capacity of -synthesized AgNPs as novel and cheap bioreducing agents for eco-friendly nanosynthetical routes. The data confirm the multipurpose potential of plant-borne reducing and stabilizing agents in nanotechnology.

Cloud environment is used for its high efficient utilization of bandwidth and its high processing speed. In 5G mobile communication environment, most of users sends and receives more number of highly occupied multimedia information. Hence, It is important to handle such cloud environment with minimal bandwidth and maximize speed. Therefore, it is mandatory to have proper schedule for processing of multimedia videos over the cloud environment. In this paper, Workflow Scheduling and Optimization Algorithm (WSOA) using deep learning model is proposed for the processing of multimedia video. The frames in each multimedia video are separated and processed individually. The Gabor transform is applied on each spatial frame to convert them into time–frequency frame. From this time–frequency frame, various frame parameters and features such as Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Local Ternary Pattern (LTP) and statistical features are computed to form the feature set. This feature set is scrutinized using Evolutionary Approach as Genetic Algorithm (GA) and the final optimized feature set is classified by the proposed Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) architecture which produces the priority results.

Camptothecin (CPT) is an anti-cancer drug that effectively treats various cancers, including colon cancer. However, poor solubility and other drawbacks have restricted its chemotherapeutic potential. To overcome these restrictions, CPT was encapsulated in CEF (cyclodextrin-EDTA-FE 3 O 4 ), a composite nanoparticle of magnetic iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ), and β-cyclodextrin was cross-linked with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). This formulation improved CPT’s solubility and bioavailability for cancer cells. The use of magnetically responsive anti-cancer formulation is highly advantageous in cancer chemotherapy. The chemical characterisation of CPT-CEF was studied here. The ability of this nano-compound to induce apoptosis in HT29 colon cancer cells and A549 lung cancer cells was evaluated. The dose-dependent cytotoxicity of CPT-CEF was shown using MTT. Propidium iodide and Annexin V staining, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation (JC-1 dye), and caspase-3 activity were assayed to detect apoptosis in CPT-CEF-treated cancer cells. Cell cycle analysis also showed G1 phase arrest, which indicated possible synergistic effects of the nano-carrier. These study results show that CPT-CEF causes a dose-dependent cell viability reduction in HT29 and A549 cells and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via caspase-3 activation. These data strongly suggest that CPT could be used as a major nanocarrier for CPT to effectively treat colon cancer.

Most common and deadly type of cancer is Skin cancer. The destructive kind of cancers in skin is Melanoma as well as it can be identified at the initial stage and can be cured completely. For the diagnosis of melanoma, the identification of the melanocytes in the area of epidermis is an essential stage. In this paper the watershed segmentation method is implemented for segmentation. The extracted segments are subjected to feature extraction. The features extracted are shape, ABCD rule and GLCM. The extracted features are then used for classification. The classifiers are kNN (k Nearest Neighbor), Random Forest and SVM (Support Vector Machine). Among different classifiers, the SVM classifier provided better results for the skin lesions classification.

Current clinical trials that evaluate human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based therapies predominantly target treating macular degeneration of the eyes because the eye is an isolated tissue that is naturally weakly immunogenic. Here, we discuss current bioengineering approaches and biomaterial usage in combination with stem cell therapy for macular degeneration disease treatment. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) differentiated from hPSCs is typically used in most clinical trials for treating patients, whereas bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are intravitreally transplanted, undifferentiated, into patient eyes. We also discuss reported negative effects of stem cell therapy, such as patients becoming blind following transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells, which are increasingly used by ‘stem-cell clinics’. Current clinical trials using hPSC-based therapy predominantly target treatment of macular degeneration of the eyes. Transplants of autologous human induced PSC (iPSC)-derived RPE cell sheets are currently safe and feasible for treating patients with age-related macular degeneration. Cells differentiated into progenitors or mature differentiated cells from hPSCs are transplanted into patients’ eyes, whereas adult and fetal stem cells are directly transplanted into the patients’ eyes without differentiation. An hPSC-derived RPE patch with a supporting polymeric layer appears to be more valuable than injecting a single hPSC-derived RPE cell suspension, which is currently performed in most clinical trials. Biocompatible polymeric membranes that support hPSC-derived RPE should have appropriate pore size and thickness to act as an artificial Bruch’s membrane that allows the free transport of water and small molecules.

Mosquito-borne diseases represent a deadly threat for millions of people worldwide. However, the use of synthetic insecticides to control Culicidae may lead to high operational costs and adverse non-target effects. Plant-borne compounds have been proposed for rapid extracellular synthesis of mosquitocidal nanoparticles. Their impact against biological control agents of mosquito larval populations has been poorly studied. We synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using the aqueous leaf extract of Mimusops elengi as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The formation of AgNP was studied using different biophysical methods, including UV–vis spectrophotometry, TEM, XRD, EDX and FTIR. Low doses of AgNP showed larvicidal and pupicidal toxicity against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi and the arbovirus vector Aedes albopictus. AgNP LC₅₀ against A. stephensi ranged from 12.53 (I instar larvae) to 23.55 ppm (pupae); LC₅₀ against A. albopictus ranged from 11.72 ppm (I) to 21.46 ppm (pupae). In the field, the application of M. elengi extract and AgNP (10 × LC₅₀) led to 100 % larval reduction after 72 h. In adulticidal experiments, AgNP showed LC₅₀ of 13.7 ppm for A. stephensi and 14.7 ppm for A. albopictus. The predation efficiency of Gambusia affinis against A. stephensi and A. albopictus III instar larvae was 86.2 and 81.7 %, respectively. In AgNP-contaminated environments, predation was 93.7 and 88.6 %, respectively. This research demonstrates that M. elengi-synthesized AgNP may be employed at ultra-low doses to reduce larval populations of malaria and arbovirus vectors, without detrimental effects on predation rates of mosquito natural enemies, such as larvivorous fishes.

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disability in advanced countries. Stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for acute and chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy. The current status of stem cell therapies for patients with myocardial infarction is discussed from a bioengineering and biomaterial perspective in this review. We describe (a) the current status of clinical trials of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) compared with clinical trials of human adult or fetal stem cells, (b) the gap between fundamental research and application of human stem cells, (c) the use of biomaterials in clinical and pre-clinical studies of stem cells, and finally (d) trends in bioengineering to promote stem cell therapies for patients with myocardial infarction. We explain why the number of clinical trials using hPSCs is so limited compared with clinical trials using human adult and fetal stem cells such as bone marrow-derived stem cells.

A huge surface area, tuneable pore size and topologies, and variable periodic metal ions-imidazolate are some of the more evident advantages. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have been identified as resourceful atoning templates for the production of functional materials and as modern electrodes for advanced storage systems. In this present investigation, we demonstrate the cobalt and 2-methylimidazole-connected hybrid framework, Zeolitic imidazolate framework- 67 (ZIF-67) nanocrystals (NCs) for electrochemical application. ZIF-67 NCs have been synthesized at room temperature by a facile and one-pot method. As-synthesized ZIF-67 NCs have been investigated by various analytical techniques. FT-IR has been employed to validate the existence of free Co and imidazolate bonds in ZIF-67 NCs. The SEM-EDS analyses exhibited uniform aggregated hexagonal-shaped nanoparticles and the composition of the elements. ZIF-67 exhibits uniform rhombic dodecahedron morphology, with a particle size of roughly 100 nm. These ZIF-67 NCs have been exploited as the functioning metal-based electrode in electrochemical studies, which demonstrate exceptional long-term stability with 84.98% of their discharge specific capacitance maintaining after 6000 cycles at a current density of 14 A g −1 in a three-electrode system and a specific capacitance value of 1068.62 F g −1 at the current density of 4 A g −1 . In addition, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor conveys a huge energy density of 17.47 Wh kg −1 and a power density of 1805.55 W kg −1 . The capacitance retention rate of ZIF-67//AC material is still retaining 66.39% after 10,000 cycles, showing excellent cycle stability.

A hybrid material, Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) characterize a kind of new and specialized sort of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with imidazole linkers and metal ions with standard aluminosilicate zeolite structure. Their intrinsic pore size, robust functions and high-quality thermal and chemical stability have ended in a huge range of capabilities for diverse ZIF substances. In this promptly increasing area, over the past few years, energetic research activities have emerged from package approaches to potential applications. Herein, a simple method for the preparation of Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanocrystals (NCs) has been synthesized by a simple one-step chemical method with starting material such as 2-methylimidazole and Zinc nitrate hexahydrate in methanol solution. Structural, functional, surface morphological and electrochemical performances have been systematically investigated by various analytical techniques. Electrochemical test results show its specific capacitance up to 111.23 F g −1 at current density of 1 A g −1 in a 3 M KOH electrolyte. In particular, the compound exhibits good cyclic stability with 85.36% capacity retention after 5000 cycles at a given current density of 3 A g −1 .

Establishing cultures of human embryonic (ES) and induced pluripotent (iPS) stem cells in xeno-free conditions is essential for producing clinical-grade cells. Development of cell culture biomaterials for human ES and iPS cells is critical for this purpose. We designed several structures of oligopeptide-grafted poly (vinyl alcohol-co-itaconic acid) hydrogels with optimal elasticity, and prepared them in formations of single chain, single chain with joint segment, dual chain with joint segment, and branched-type chain. Oligopeptide sequences were selected from integrin- and glycosaminoglycan-binding domains of the extracellular matrix. The hydrogels grafted with vitronectin-derived oligopeptides having a joint segment or a dual chain, which has a storage modulus of 25 kPa, supported the long-term culture of human ES and iPS cells for over 10 passages. The dual chain and/or joint segment with cell adhesion molecules on the hydrogels facilitated the proliferation and pluripotency of human ES and iPS cells.