Explore the vast range of titles available.

(1) Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa and the paranasal sinuses. The pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is multifactorial and, as of yet, not well understood. (2) Methods: Nasal lavage fluid samples were collected from patients diagnosed with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) (n = 10) and individuals without sinusitis (control group) (n = 10) who had no nasal complaints. In the present study, we used an untargeted label-free LC-MS/MS mass spectrometric approach combined with bioinformatics and network pathway analysis to compare the changes in the proteomic profiles of the CRSwNP group and the control group. Data from LC-MS/MS underwent univariate and multivariate analyses. (3) Results: The proteomic analyses revealed distinct differences in the abundances of nasal lavage fluid proteins between the CRSwNP and control groups: a total of 234 proteins, 151 up- and 83 down-regulated in CRSwNP. Functional Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that dysregulated proteins were involved in airway inflammatory reaction, immune response, and oxidative stress. The biomarkers were evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve; an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.999 (95% CI) identified potential biomarkers between the CRSwNP and control group. EMILIN-3 and RAB11-binding protein RELCH were down-regulated, and Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and deoxyribonuclease-1 were up-regulated, in CRSwNP compared to the control group. (4) Conclusions: These differentially expressed proteins identified in CRSwNP are involved in airway inflammatory reaction, immune response, and oxidative stress. In particular, the identification of increased interleukin-36 gamma (IL-36γ), which contributes to inflammatory response, and a decrease in SOD, in this group are notable findings. In the future, several of these proteins may prove useful for exploring the pathogenesis of nasal polyps and chronic sinusitis or as objective biomarkers for quantitatively monitoring disease progression or response to therapy.

Bilateral chylothorax is a rare entity that occurs after a thyroidectomy and neck dissection. This rare condition can lead to severe morbidity, and potentially death, if not managed properly. We report a rare complication of neck surgery and subsequent bilateral pleural effusion, regarding a 35-year-old female who presented at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in 2018 with shortness of breath and respiratory distress. Particularly, the bilateral pleural effusion and related symptoms occurred one week after a total thyroidectomy with central and left lateral neck dissection. Intraoperative findings, management and literature review will be discussed.

[Please see PDF for full article text] [Please see PDF for full article text] Objectives: To evaluate dupilumab's outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) cases. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out at Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospitals, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia on 145 adult CRSwNP patients treated with dupilumab between January 2020 and December 2023 following the European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2020 guidelines. Primary outcomes included changes in Lund-Mackay computed tomography (CT) scores, immunoglobulin E levels, and visual analog scale (VAS) smell score over +12 months. Results: Significant improvements were noted post-treatment. Lund-Mackay CT scores decreased from 12.5 to 5.5 (p<0.001), and VAS smell scores dropped from 10.0 to 0.0 (p <0.001). Immunoglobulin E levels reduced from 250.5 to 63.5 (p<0.001). After treatment, 93.3% of patients avoided sinus surgery, 78.6% reported improved asthma status, and 60% used dupilumab as monotherapy. Conclusion: This study supports dupilumab's effectiveness in treating severe CRSwNP, showing significant improvements in CT imaging and overall medical condition over 12 months. Dupilumab reduced systemic corticosteroid use and rescue surgeries. While promising, further trials are needed to validate its use as monotherapy. Identifying those who gain most from biologic therapy is crucial. Keywords: dupilumab, biological therapy, rhinosinusitis, type 2 inflammation, asthma, nasal polyposis