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"Mustafa, A. author"
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For hunger-proof cities
For Hunger-proof Cities is the first book to fully examine food security from an urban perspective. It examines existing local food systems and ways to improve the availability and accessibility of food for city dwellers. It looks at methods to improve community-supported agriculture and cooperation between urban and rural populations. It explores what existing marketing and distribution structures can do to improve accessibility and what the emerging forms of food-distribution systems are, and how they can contribute to alleviating hunger in the cities. Finally, the book discusses the underlying structures that create poverty and inequality and examines the role of emergency food systems, such as food banks.
eBook
The Ottoman Road to War in 1914
Why did the Ottoman Empire enter the First World War in late October 1914, months after the war's devastations had become clear? Were its leaders 'simple-minded,' 'below-average' individuals, as the doyen of Turkish diplomatic history has argued? Or, as others have claimed, did the Ottomans enter the war because War Minister Enver Pasha, dictating Ottoman decisions, was in thrall to the Germans and to his own expansionist dreams? Based on previously untapped Ottoman and European sources, Mustafa Aksakal's dramatic study challenges this consensus. It demonstrates that responsibility went far beyond Enver, that the road to war was paved by the demands of a politically interested public, and that the Ottoman leadership sought the German alliance as the only way out of a web of international threats and domestic insecurities, opting for an escape whose catastrophic consequences for the empire and seismic impact on the Middle East are felt even today.
eBook
Discovery of a novel homozygous SOD1 truncating variant bolsters infantile SOD1 deficiency syndrome
Objective
Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is an important antioxidant enzyme whose main function is to neutralise superoxide free radicals in the cytoplasm. Heterozygous variants in
SOD1
are responsible for a substantial percentage of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases. Recently, several reports have shown that biallelic loss of SOD1 function results in a novel phenotype called infantile SOD1 deficiency syndrome, which is consistent with a recessive pattern of inheritance and can be distinguished from typical (adult-onset) ALS.
Methods
We documented detailed family histories and clinical data, followed by whole-exome sequencing and family co-segregation analysis through Sanger sequencing. To facilitate comparisons, relevant data from fifteen previously reported patients with
SOD1
-related neurodevelopmental disorders were included.
Results
This study presents a new Turkish family with two affected children exhibiting severe delayed motor development, infancy-onset loss of motor skills, axial hypotonia, tetraspasticity, and impaired cognitive functions. Genetic analysis revealed a novel homozygous frameshift variant in
SOD1
(c.248dupG [p.Asp84Argfs*8]), with computational biochemical studies shedding light on the mechanistic aspects of SOD1 dysfunction.
Conclusions
Our findings contribute an affirmative report of a fourth biallelic variant resulting in a severe clinical phenotype, reminiscent of those induced by previously identified homozygous loss-of-function
SOD1
variants. This research not only advances our understanding of the pathogenesis of this debilitating neurological syndrome but also aligns with ongoing intensive efforts to comprehend and address
SOD1
-linked ALS.
Journal Article
Influence of biochar feedstock blends on soil enzyme activity, nutrient cycling, lettuce biomass accumulation and photosynthesis
The thermal conversion of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) offers significant potential for sustainable waste management, particularly through the production of biochar. This study investigates the properties and soil application effects of three biochar types produced via pyrolysis: (i) pure sewage sludge (100%), (ii) sewage sludge blended with sawdust (50%+50%), and (iii) sewage sludge combined with sawdust and zeolite (50%+45%+5%). These biochars were applied at rates of 2.5% and 7.5% (w/w) to arable soil and assessed in an 8-week greenhouse experiment using lettuce (
Lactuca sativa
L. var. Brilant) as a model crop. The sewage sludge biochar was characterized by high nitrogen, phosphorus, and water-extractable calcium but exhibited low organic matter and organic carbon content. It enhanced soil enzyme activities related to carbon and nitrogen mineralization without affecting microbial respiration. However, at 7.5% application rate, this biochar caused the highest chlorophyll
b
content in lettuce, despite acidifying the soil. Adding sawdust to the pyrolysis feedstock significantly increased organic matter, organic carbon (with reduced recalcitrance), and the C: N ratio of biochar. This biochar formulation promoted microbial activity (as indicated by changes in soil respiration) and nutrient cycling, particularly through increased glucosidase activity. Conversely, addition of zeolite to the pyrolysis feedstock reduced the organic matter and organic carbon content while increasing biochar recalcitrance and nutrient immobilization, particularly of sulfur, ammonium, phosphorus, and calcium. At the 7.5% dose, the sawdust + zeolite-enriched biochar improved soil pH and potentially enhanced nutrient retention. However, it did not stimulate microbial enzyme activity or respiration, leading to lower photosynthetic pigment levels and reduced biomassin lettuce, especially at higher application rate. For short-term soil applications under the conditions of this pot trial, the sewage sludge-sawdust biochar demonstrated the most beneficial effects, rapidly stimulating microbial activity and nutrient transformation. In contrast, the sewage sludge-sawdust-zeolite biochar limited nutrient availability and plant growth, suggesting it may be less suitable for immediate soil and plant nutrition. Long-term studies are needed to fully assess the implications of these biochar types for sustainable agriculture. This study highlights the importance of feedstock composition and selection in tailoring biochar properties to meet specific soil and crop requirements.
Journal Article
Counterterrorism in Turkey
Counterterrorism in Turkey comprehensively analyses Turkey's counterterrorism policies in the context of the PKK (Kurdistan Workers' Party), an ethnicity-based guerrilla insurgency group employing terrorism.
Contrary to most of the counterterrorism studies that focused on single aspect of the phenomenon, this book offers multi-level analyses from a variety of perspectives using both quantitative and qualitative data sets. Examining what measures have been taken so far, and what these policies really mean to the PKK and its sympathisers, Unal examines counterterrorism policies from both the perspective of the government and the PKK. The work evaluates whether policy choices so far have been effective (and in what circumstances) and how they have affected both levels of terrorist violence in Turkey and the nature of this violence.
This work provides a valuable contribution to the literature on counterterrorism and will be of interest to both practitioners and scholars of terrorism studies, extremism and ethnic conflict.
eBook
Gender, race, and Sudan's exile politics
Gender, Race, and Sudan's Exile Politics examines the gendered and racialized discourses and practices of the Sudanese opposition in exile through the opposition movements of the 1990s and early 2000s, and discusses the history through which these discourses evolved.
The military coup that brought the National Islamic Front (NIF)—now National Congress Party (NCP)— to power in 1989 not only forced most political parties, trade unions, and activists in Sudan into either exile politics or underground activism; it also urged many of Sudan's political forces and activists to rethink the meaning of belonging and of the \"Old\" Sudan. In the mid-1990s, this involved a rethinking of the relationship between religion and politics, acknowledging Sudan's diversity, acknowledging the need to restructure Sudan's economy and politics to ensure equal access and participation for the historically marginalized, and committing to self-determination for the people of South Sudan. The concept of the New Sudan broadly captured this rethinking.
This book interrogates the relationship between women's organizations and activisms in exile on one hand, and nationalist, transformative, and other political movements and processes on the other. It further discuses transnational coalition building across difference, including racial difference, between women's organization seeking to transform gender relations in Sudan and South Sudan.
eBook
The systematic assessment of completeness of public metadata accompanying omics studies in the Gene Expression Omnibus data repository
Background
Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled the collection and sharing of a massive amount of omics data, along with its associated metadata—descriptive information that contextualizes the data, including phenotypic traits and experimental design. Enhancing metadata availability is critical to ensure data reusability and reproducibility and to facilitate novel biomedical discoveries through effective data reuse. Yet, incomplete metadata accompanying public omics data may hinder reproducibility and reusability and limit secondary analyses.
Results
Our study assesses the completeness of metadata in over 253 scientific studies, covering more than 164,000 samples from both human and non-human mammalian studies. We find that over 25% of critical metadata are omitted, with only 74.8% of relevant phenotypes available in publications or public repositories. Notably, public repositories alone contain 62% of the phenotypes, surpassing the textual content of publications by 3.5%. Only 11.5% of studies completely shared all phenotypes, while 37.9% shared less than 40% of the phenotypes. Additionally, studies with non-human samples are more likely to include complete metadata compared to human studies. Similar trends are observed in an extended dataset comprising 61,000 studies and 2.1 million samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data repository.
Conclusions
These findings highlight significant gaps in metadata sharing, underscoring the need for standardized practices to improve metadata availability. Enhanced metadata reporting would foster data reusability, support better-informed decision-making, and promote reproducible research across the biomedical field.
Journal Article
Turkish-Greek Relations
The discord between Turkey and Greece has grown deeper and wider over time, over a series of seemingly vital issues, which have at times brought the two countries to the brink of war. Yet in 1999 the two countries opened a dialogue on non-sensitive issues such as trade, the environment and tourism. The causes of the current rapprochement progress are explored in this book in relation both to the international environment which is increasingly conducive to this progress, and the significant domestic changes that both Greece and Turkey have experienced since the end of the Cold War. This book confronts each of these important dimensions by addressing issues of continuity and change in Greek-Turkish relations.
1. Cacophony in the Aegean: Greek-Turkish relations in historical context 2. Engagement or Containment?: Greek strategy toward Turkey for the 2000s 3. Tension-reduction and Confidence-building Measures between Greece and Turkey 4. Turkish-Greek Rapprochement: Opportunities and Constraints 5. Are There Any Prospects for Trade Integration and Economic Co-operation Between Greece and Turkey? 6. Turkey's EU Membership and Greek Experience 7. National Perceptions of the \"Other\" and the Persistence of Some Images 8. Treatment of Minorities and Turkish-Greek Relations 9. Third Track Diplomacy: The role of NGOs in Greek-Turkish rapprochement 10. Island of Peace or Poison Ivy: Cyprus
Mustafa Aydin is Associate Professor of International Relations, Ankara University. Besides his authored books, he is editor of the Turkish Yearbook of International Relations , and the Review of International Affairs ; and is currently co-editing two volumes on different aspects of Turkish foreign policy. Kostas Ifantis is Assistant Professor of International Relations at the University of Athens; and Research Fellow at the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy. His publications include: Theory and Reform in the European Union , and NATO and the New Security Paradigm: Power, Strategy, Order and the Transatlantic Link .
eBook
Health and Economic Outcomes in the Alumni of the Wounded Warrior Project
The Wounded Warrior Project has developed programs to help care for injured service members and veterans. This report describes how project alumnus respondents are faring in domains related to mental health and resiliency, physical health, and employment and finances.
eBook