Explore the vast range of titles available.

Microplastics (MPs) have been detected in drinking water and raw water sources. Therefore, it is important to know the performance of drinking water treatment process. The rapid sand filter (RSF) is one of the water treatments that can be an alternative treatment in removing MPs after several configuration processes (pre-sedimentation, coagulation-flocculation, and sedimentation). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of RSF to remove MPs. The artificial samples were made from plastics bags and tyre flakes, with sizes from 10 μm to more than 500 μm. Bentonite was added to represent turbidity in the water. The average removal efficiency of plastics flakes before entering the filter was 50.48% (using bentonite) and 47.78% (without bentonite). Overall, the removal efficiency for the tyre flakes was 90.72% (using bentonite) and 93.03% (without bentonite). The filtration used in this study was varied between 4 and 10 m/h. Removal efficiency using RSF for plastic flakes on which the Effective Size (ES) filter media 0.39 mm was 97.7% and on which ES 0.68 mm was 94.3%. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of the tyre flakes for ES 0.39 mm were 90.6% and ES 0.68 mm was 85.2%. However, in this study, RSF mostly removed MPs particles greater than 200 μm in size.

Introduction: Research highlights the effects of training methods, gender, and motivation on athletic performance, particularly in volleyball. However, few studies explore how these factors interact to affect adolescent athletes’ performance. Objective: This study investigates the combined influence of circuit and set training methods, gender, and motivation on volleyball performance in adolescent athletes, aiming to understand how these factors interact to enhance skills. Methodology: A quantitative experimental design was used with 40 adolescent athletes from Sriwijaya Sports School. Participants were grouped by gender (male and female) and motivation (high and low). They trained for six weeks using either circuit or set methods. Volleyball skills were assessed before and after the intervention, with data analyzed using a 2x2x2 factorial ANOVA. Results: Significant effects were found for training methods, gender, and motivation on volleyball skills. The set method had a greater impact, especially for male athletes. High motivation led to better skill improvement than low motivation. Interactions between the factors significantly influenced performance. Discussion: The results support the need for gender-sensitive and motivation-based training approaches to enhance athletes' performance. Motivation, in combination with specific training methods, was crucial. Conclusions: Training programs should consider the interaction between training methods, gender, and motivation to improve volleyball performance in adolescent athletes. Introducción: La investigación resalta los efectos de los métodos de entrenamiento, el género y la motivación en el rendimiento deportivo, especialmente en el voleibol. Sin embargo, pocos estudios exploran cómo interactúan estos factores para afectar el rendimiento de los atletas adolescentes. Objetivo: Este estudio investiga la influencia combinada de los métodos de entrenamiento en circuito y en sets, el género y la motivación en el rendimiento de voleibol de los atletas adolescentes, con el objetivo de entender cómo interactúan estos factores para mejorar las habilidades. Metodología: Se utilizó un diseño experimental cuantitativo con 40 atletas adolescentes de la Escuela de Deportes Sriwijaya. Los participantes fueron agrupados por género (masculino y femenino) y motivación (alta y baja). Durante seis semanas, entrenaron con los métodos de circuito o en sets. Las habilidades en voleibol fueron evaluadas antes y después de la intervención, y los datos fueron analizados mediante un ANOVA factorial 2x2x2. Resultados: Se encontraron efectos significativos de los métodos de entrenamiento, el género y la motivación en las habilidades en voleibol. El método en sets tuvo un mayor impacto, especialmente en los atletas masculinos. La alta motivación condujo a una mayor mejora en las habilidades en comparación con la baja motivación. Las interacciones entre los factores influyeron significativamente en el rendimiento. Discusión: Los resultados apoyan la necesidad de enfoques de entrenamiento sensibles al género y basados en la motivación. Conclusiones: Los programas de entrenamiento deben considerar la interacción entre los métodos de entrenamiento, el género y la motivación para mejorar el rendimiento en voleibol de los atletas adolescentes. Introdução: A investigação realça os efeitos dos métodos de treino, o género e a motivação no desempenho desportivo, especialmente no voleibol. No entanto, poucos estudos exploraram como interagir estes fatores para afetar o desempenho dos adolescentes atléticos. Objectivo: Este estudo investiga a influência combinada dos métodos de treino em circuito e em conjuntos, o género e a motivação no desempenho de voleibol dos atletas adolescentes, com o objectivo de compreender como interagir estes factores para melhorar as capacidades. Metodologia: Foi utilizado um projeto experimental experimental com 40 atletas da Escola de Desporto Sriwijaya. Os participantes foram agrupados por género (masculino e feminino) e motivação (alta e baixa). Durante seis semanas, aprendi métodos de circuito ou conjuntos. As habilidades no voleibol foram avaliadas antes e depois da intervenção, e os dados foram analisados ​​através de uma ANOVA fatorial 2x2x2. Resultados: Foram encontrados efeitos significativos nos métodos de treino, no género e na motivação nas habilidades de voleibol. O método causa um grande impacto, especialmente nos atletas masculinos. A elevada motivação resultou numa maior melhoria das competências em comparação com a baixa motivação. As interações entre os fatores influenciam significativamente o desempenho. Discussão: Os resultados suportam a necessidade de abordagens de treino sensatas ao género e baseadas na motivação. Conclusões: Os programas de treino devem considerar a interação entre os métodos de treino, o género e a motivação para melhorar o desempenho no voleibol dos atletas adolescentes.

Introduction: Physical fitness and cognitive ability are two important components in football playing performance, especially in the young age group. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of VO₂max, IQ, and age on football playing skills in young players. Methodology: This study used a cross-sectional design involving 66 players aged 13, 15, and 17 years from various clubs in Palembang. VO₂max was measured through the Bleep Test, IQ through a standard intelligence test, and playing skills through the David Lee football skills test. The analysis was carried out using the Spearman correlation test. Discussion: The results showed a significant positive correlation between VO₂max, IQ, and age on football playing skills (p < 0.01). Age showed the highest correlation with playing skills (r = 0.824), followed by IQ (r = 0.798) and VO₂max (r = 0.750). Conclusions: This study has shown that physical fitness, cognitive ability, and age have a significant influence on soccer playing skills in young players. The positive relationship between the three variables indicates that the development of playing skills cannot be separated from the interaction between physical readiness, cognitive capacity, and age maturity. This study has succeeded in meeting its objectives by proving that age is a dominant predictor, while physical fitness and IQ provide significant contributions simultaneously to improving technical performance. Thus, the development of age-based training programs that integrate physical and cognitive aspects is highly recommended to maximize the potential of young players in the game of soccer.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of Small-Sided Game (SSG) training on the dribbling skills of young soccer players at Soccer Academy PSG Situjuah Gadang, Situjuah Limo Nagari District. This research method is experimental with pre-test and post-test control group design. The experimental group engaged in SSG training that focused on developing dribbling skills, while the control group received no additional training intervention. The sample of this study consisted of 20 youth soccer players from a Soccer Academy who were randomly selected into two groups. Data was collected using dribbling tests before and after the training intervention. Data analysis was conducted using an independent t-test to compare the differences between the two groups. The results showed that the group involved in SSG training showed significant improvement in dribbling skills compared to the control group (p<0.05). This finding indicates that SSG training can effectively improve the dribbling skills of youth soccer players by obtaining the \"t\" test coefficient which is ttable 1,729 < tcount 4,60. The practical implication of this finding is the importance of paying attention to the use of SSG training in the development of technical skills of young soccer players. Small-sided games training on dribbling is an important part of developing athletes' skills and abilities in ball games that require responsiveness, speed, accuracy, teamwork, and adaptability to opponent pressure. The need for coaches to form interesting, challenging, increasing, and structured small-sided games training so that players can improve their skills in soccer. For players, the importance of serious training with the small-sided games method to develop soccer skills. Keywords: Small-Side Games, Dribbling Skills

This study seeks to emphasise the importance of endurance training in improving the physical well-being of college students. Cardiovascular fitness, body composition, and muscular strength are crucial for overall health, particularly among university students, driving the motivation for this study. The study involved 42 university students who were surveyed using standardised instruments to evaluate their participation in endurance training activities and self-reported physical health indicators. Researchers conducted correlation studies to explore the connections between the frequency and duration of endurance exercise and cardiovascular fitness, body composition, and muscular strength. The study design involved survey distribution, data collection on physical health indicators, and statistical analysis to identify the correlations. The study's findings show that there are strong positive connections between the frequency and length of endurance training and improvements in cardiovascular fitness and muscular strength among university students. Nevertheless, there were no notable correlations found between body mass index and sit-up ability. These findings highlight the potential advantages of regular endurance training for improving various areas of physical health in this particular group. This study holds significance for coaches, fitness professionals, and university students. The significance of incorporating endurance training into the exercise regimens of university students to enhance their physical well-being is emphasised. Coaches can empower students to improve their overall well-being by emphasising the advantages of endurance exercise and offering personalised advice. This research further enhances the existing knowledge on the significance of endurance training in university settings by providing practical suggestions for coaching interventions. Keywords: Cardiovascular Fitness, Body Composition, Muscular Strength  

Environmental Sanitation is the health status of an environment which includes sewerage disposal facilities (include septic tank), waste disposal facilities, the provision of clean and drinking water, drainage. Environmental sanitation is requirements for a healthy environment. Sanitation of densely populated settlement in coastal area especially in Indonesia are mostly not in good condition. Sanitation conditions are closely related to public health. Sanitation that does not meet the requirements is the cause of environmental-based diseases like waterborne deseases, one of which is diarrhea. The purpose of this study is to identify the sanitation and public health conditions of people that living in densely populated settlements in the coastal areas of Kangkung sub-district, Bandar Lampung City. Surveys, observations, questionnaires and interviews were conducted to obtain the expected data in this study. The results of this study show that some sanitation conditions in densely populated coastal areas did not meet the requirements of good sanitation (based on SDGs) because the conditions of the houses are so tight that there are poor condition of drainage and the unavailability of waste disposal facilities. There are still The number of diarrhea and another deaseses was high. There are still have diarrhea cases in Kangkung even though they already have a good clean water supply. however, this may be related to the poor condition of garbage disposal and drainage in Kangkung.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of Small-Sided Game (SSG) training on the dribbling skills of young soccer players at Soccer Academy PSG Situjuah Gadang, Situjuah Limo Nagari District. This research method is experimental with pre-test and post-test control group design. The experimental group engaged in SSG training that focused on developing dribbling skills, while the control group received no additional training intervention. The sample of this study consisted of 20 youth soccer players from a Soccer Academy who were randomly selected into two groups. Data was collected using dribbling tests before and after the training intervention. Data analysis was conducted using an independent t-test to compare the differences between the two groups. The results showed that the group involved in SSG training showed significant improvement in dribbling skills compared to the control group (p<0.05). This finding indicates that SSG training can effectively improve the dribbling skills of youth soccer players by obtaining the \"t\" test coefficient which is ttable 1,729 < tcount 4,60. The practical implication of this finding is the importance of paying attention to the use of SSG training in the development of technical skills of young soccer players. Small-sided games training on dribbling is an important part of developing athletes' skills and abilities in ball games that require responsiveness, speed, accuracy, teamwork, and adaptability to opponent pressure. The need for coaches to form interesting, challenging, increasing, and structured small-sided games training so that players can improve their skills in soccer. For players, the importance of serious training with the small-sided games method to develop soccer skills. Keywords: Small-Side Games, Dribbling Skills

The research on microplastics in urban drainage is becoming a concern. In the drainage of Bandar Lampung city, four different anthropogenic activities were investigated: road runoff, industrial activity, public place, and housing area. This study investigated the abundance, characteristics and distribution of microplastics (MPs) through drainage systems in dry weather. A total of sixteen drainage water samples were collected using grab sampling with a horizontal water sampler. Under microscope observation combined with a needle test, the average abundance of MPs was found 3.97±3.4 particles/L, with fibers as the dominant type of MPs. The order of MPs' abundance was industrial area > public area > transportation area > housing area. However, this number of MPs tends to be lower compared to other reported studies. The size of MPs mostly ranged from 500 - 1500 pm (36%). The color of MPs was amply diverse, with blue being in the dominant proportion (43%). Other studies also reported similar findings regarding the type and size range. Through Raman spectroscopy, the identification of polymer types indicated the presence of polyethylene terephthalate. From the correlation analysis, it was found that there was a positive correlation between the abundance of MPs and flow rate discharge, though with a low relationship (r=0.46). This result can be influenced by several factors such as the effects of multiple land use types and pollution sources. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to understanding the extent of microplastic pollution and its potential environmental impact on the Lampung water body.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of Small-Sided Game (SSG) training on the dribbling skills of young soccer players at Soccer Academy PSG Situjuah Gadang, Situjuah Limo Nagari District. This research method is experimental with pre-test and post-test control group design. The experimental group engaged in SSG training that focused on developing dribbling skills, while the control group received no additional training intervention. The sample of this study consisted of 20 youth soccer players from a Soccer Academy who were randomly selected into two groups. Data was collected using dribbling tests before and after the training intervention. Data analysis was conducted using an independent t-test to compare the differences between the two groups. The results showed that the group involved in SSG training showed significant improvement in dribbling skills compared to the control group (p<0.05). This finding indicates that SSG training can effectively improve the dribbling skills of youth soccer players by obtaining the \"t\" test coefficient which is ttable 1,729 < tcount 4,60. The practical implication of this finding is the importance of paying attention to the use of SSG training in the development of technical skills of young soccer players. Small-sided games training on dribbling is an important part of developing athletes' skills and abilities in ball games that require responsiveness, speed, accuracy, teamwork, and adaptability to opponent pressure. The need for coaches to form interesting, challenging, increasing, and structured small-sided games training so that players can improve their skills in soccer. For players, the importance of serious training with the small-sided games method to develop soccer skills. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el efecto del entrenamiento de juego reducido (SSG) en las habilidades de regate de los jóvenes jugadores de fútbol en la Academia de Fútbol PSG Situjuah Gadang, Situjuah Limo Nagari District. Este método de investigación es experimental con un diseño de grupo de control pre-test y post-test. El grupo experimental participó en el entrenamiento SSG que se centró en el desarrollo de habilidades de regate, mientras que el grupo de control no recibió ninguna intervención de entrenamiento adicional. La muestra de este estudio consistió en 20 jugadores de fútbol juvenil de una Academia de Fútbol que fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Los datos se recogieron mediante pruebas de regate antes y después de la intervención de entrenamiento. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante una prueba t independiente para comparar las diferencias entre los dos grupos. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo implicado en el entrenamiento SSG mostró una mejora significativa en las habilidades de regate en comparación con el grupo de control (p<0,05). Este hallazgo indica que el entrenamiento SSG puede mejorar eficazmente las habilidades de regate de los jugadores de fútbol juvenil al obtener el coeficiente de la prueba «t» que es ttable 1,729 < tcount 4,60. La implicación práctica de este hallazgo es la importancia de prestar atención al uso del entrenamiento SSG en el desarrollo de las habilidades técnicas de los jóvenes jugadores de fútbol. El entrenamiento en juegos reducidos sobre el regate es una parte importante del desarrollo de las destrezas y habilidades de los deportistas en los juegos con balón que requieren capacidad de reacción, velocidad, precisión, trabajo en equipo y adaptabilidad a la presión del adversario. La necesidad de que los entrenadores formen entrenamientos de juegos reducidos interesantes, estimulantes, crecientes y estructurados para que los jugadores puedan mejorar sus habilidades en el fútbol. Para los jugadores, la importancia de un entrenamiento serio con el método de los partidos reducidos para desarrollar sus habilidades futbolísticas.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of Small-Sided Game (SSG) training on the dribbling skills of young soccer players at Soccer Academy PSG Situjuah Gadang, Situjuah Limo Nagari District. This research method is experimental with pre-test and post-test control group design. The experimental group engaged in SSG training that focused on developing dribbling skills, while the control group received no additional training intervention. The sample of this study consisted of 20 youth soccer players from a Soccer Academy who were randomly selected into two groups. Data was collected using dribbling tests before and after the training intervention. Data analysis was conducted using an independent t-test to compare the differences between the two groups. The results showed that the group involved in SSG training showed significant improvement in dribbling skills compared to the control group (p<0.05). This finding indicates that SSG training can effectively improve the dribbling skills of youth soccer players by obtaining the \"t\" test coefficient which is ttable 1,729 < tcount 4,60. The practical implication of this finding is the importance of paying attention to the use of SSG training in the development of technical skills of young soccer players. Small-sided games training on dribbling is an important part of developing athletes' skills and abilities in ball games that require responsiveness, speed, accuracy, teamwork, and adaptability to opponent pressure. The need for coaches to form interesting, challenging, increasing, and structured small-sided games training so that players can improve their skills in soccer. For players, the importance of serious training with the small-sided games method to develop soccer skills.