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The evolution of The Glasgow Association for the Higher Education of Women and Queen Margaret College is discussed. At a dinner party in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1868, conversation turned to the issue of higher education for women. The wife of a wealthy dye manufacturer, asked Glasgow University Professor John Nichol to offer a series of lectures on English literature for women, to which he readily agreed. This dinner party was the first step in the formation of the Glasgow Association for the Higher Education of Women, which would later become Queen Margaret College.

Among the many challenges confronting the liberal arts today is a fundamental disconnect between the curricula that many institutions offer and the training that many students need. Discipline-specific models of teaching and learning can underprepare students for the kinds of interdisciplinary collaboration that employers now expect. Although aware of these expectations and the need for change, many small colleges and universities have struggled to translate interdisciplinarity into programs and curricula that better serve today’s students. Written by faculty engaged in the design and delivery of interdisciplinary courses, programs, and experiential learning opportunities in the small college setting,  The Synergistic Classroom  addresses the many ways faculty can leverage their institutions' small size and openness to pedagogical experimentation to overcome the challenges of limited institutional resources and enrollment concerns and better prepare students for life and work in the twenty-first century. Taken together, the contributions in this volume invite reflection on a variety of important issues that attend the work of small college faculty committed to expanding student learning across disciplinary boundaries.

Anyone studying gender equity in higher education will find this book an engaging and valuable addition to their collection. A woman's health and reputation were constant points of debate in the period, and Oman lays out typical Victorian views about the medical implications of study while also examining how built environments were designed to mitigate those concerns. Oman places appropriate emphasis on these differences in perception by highlighting instances when the top-down dictates of the administration misaligned with the bottom-up view of the students.

The gap in time between women's first inclusion in American higher education in 1837, and the Nineteenth Amendment allowing women to vote in 1920 is highlighted by many notable attempts on the part of women to carve a place for themselves in public, as well as political, life. While the most noteworthy of these, such as the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, have been written about at length by historians, there are a great number of untold stories from women working on a local or institutional level. 1 This chapter will tell one such story by focusing on the work of the Women's Self-Government Association at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. Founded in 1898 by the Dean of Women (Annie C. Emery), this group provided a way for female students to play an active role in the governance of their university. 2 Women had first been admitted to Wisconsin through its Normal College for teacher training in I860. Complete academic equality was reached in 1875 when women were finally graduated in the same ceremony as men. 3 By looking at a single organisation it becomes possible to ascertain the way women students governed themselves and interacted with their male counterparts as they made their way into larger society.

The association between reduced myofilament force-generating capacity (F max ) and heart failure (HF) is clear, however the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show impaired F max arises from reduced BAG3-mediated sarcomere turnover. Myofilament BAG3 expression decreases in human HF and positively correlates with F max . We confirm this relationship using BAG3 haploinsufficient mice, which display reduced F max and increased myofilament ubiquitination, suggesting impaired protein turnover. We show cardiac BAG3 operates via chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA), conserved from skeletal muscle, and confirm sarcomeric CASA complex localization is BAG3/proteotoxic stress-dependent. Using mass spectrometry, we characterize the myofilament CASA interactome in the human heart and identify eight clients of BAG3-mediated turnover. To determine if increasing BAG3 expression in HF can restore sarcomere proteostasis/F max , HF mice were treated with rAAV9-BAG3. Gene therapy fully rescued F max and CASA protein turnover after four weeks. Our findings indicate BAG3-mediated sarcomere turnover is fundamental for myofilament functional maintenance. Decreased expression of BAG3 in the heart is associated with contractile dysfunction and heart failure. Here the authors show that this is due to decreased BAG3-dependent sarcomere protein turnover, which impairs mechanical function, and that sarcomere force-generating capacity is restored with BAG3 gene therapy.

The circadian gene expression rhythmicity drives diurnal oscillations of physiological processes that may determine the injury response. While outcomes of various acute injuries are affected by the time of day at which the original insult occurred, such influences on recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) are unknown. We report that mice receiving moderate, T9 contusive SCI at ZT0 (zeitgeber time 0, time of lights on) and ZT12 (time of lights off) showed similar hindlimb function recovery in the Basso mouse scale (BMS) over a 6 week post-injury period. In an independent study, no significant differences in BMS were observed after SCI at ZT18 vs. ZT6. However, the ladder walking test revealed modestly improved performance for ZT18 vs. ZT6 mice at week 6 after injury. Consistent with those minor effects on functional recovery, terminal histological analysis revealed no significant differences in white matter sparing at the injury epicenter. Likewise, blood-spinal cord barrier disruption and neuroinflammation appeared similar when analyzed at 1 week post injury at ZT6 or ZT18. Therefore, locomotor recovery after thoracic contusive SCI is not substantively modulated by the time of day at which the neurotrauma occurred.

Lung cancer is a major health problem. CT lung screening can reduce lung cancer mortality through early diagnosis by at least 20%. Screening high-risk individuals is most effective. Retrospective analyses suggest that identifying individuals for screening by accurate prediction models is more efficient than using categorical age-smoking criteria, such as the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria. This study prospectively compared the effectiveness of the USPSTF2013 and PLCOm2012 model eligibility criteria. In this prospective cohort study, participants from the International Lung Screening Trial (ILST), aged 55–80 years, who were current or former smokers (ie, had ≥30 pack-years smoking history or ≤15 quit-years since last permanently quitting), and who met USPSTF2013 criteria or a PLCOm2012 risk threshold of at least 1·51% within 6 years of screening, were recruited from nine screening sites in Canada, Australia, Hong Kong, and the UK. After enrolment, patients were assessed with the USPSTF2013 criteria and the PLCOm2012 risk model with a threshold of at least 1·70% at 6 years. Data were collected locally and centralised. Main outcomes were the comparison of lung cancer detection rates and cumulative life expectancies in patients with lung cancer between USPSTF2013 criteria and the PLCOm2012 model. In this Article, we present data from an interim analysis. To estimate the incidence of lung cancers in individuals who were USPSTF2013-negative and had PLCOm2012 of less than 1·51% at 6 years, ever-smokers in the Prostate Lung Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) who met these criteria and their lung cancer incidence were applied to the ILST sample size for the mean follow-up occurring in the ILST. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02871856. Study enrolment is almost complete. Between June 17, 2015, and Dec 29, 2020, 5819 participants from the International Lung Screening Trial (ILST) were enrolled on the basis of meeting USPSTF2013 criteria or the PLCOm2012 risk threshold of at least 1·51% at 6 years. The same number of individuals was selected for the PLCOm2012 model as for the USPSTF2013 criteria (4540 [78%] of 5819). After a mean follow-up of 2·3 years (SD 1·0), 135 lung cancers occurred in 4540 USPSTF2013-positive participants and 162 in 4540 participants included in the PLCOm2012 of at least 1·70% at 6 years group (cancer sensitivity difference 15·8%, 95% CI 10·7–22·1%; absolute odds ratio 4·00, 95% CI 1·89–9·44; p<0·0001). Compared to USPSTF2013-positive individuals, PLCOm2012-selected participants were older (mean age 65·7 years [SD 5·9] vs 63·3 years [5·7]; p<0·0001), had more comorbidities (median 2 [IQR 1–3] vs 1 [1–2]; p<0·0001), and shorter life expectancy (13·9 years [95% CI 12·8–14·9] vs 14·8 [13·6–16·0] years). Model-based difference in cumulative life expectancies for those diagnosed with lung cancer were higher in those who had PLCOm2012 risk of at least 1·70% at 6 years than individuals who were USPSTF2013-positive (2248·6 years [95% CI 2089·6–2425·9] vs 2000·7 years [1841·2–2160·3]; difference 247·9 years, p=0·015). PLCOm2012 appears to be more efficient than the USPSTF2013 criteria for selecting individuals to enrol into lung cancer screening programmes and should be used for identifying high-risk individuals who benefit from the inclusion in these programmes. Terry Fox Research Institute, The UBC-VGH Hospital Foundation and the BC Cancer Foundation, the Alberta Cancer Foundation, the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, Cancer Research UK and a consortium of funders, and the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation for the UK Lung Screen Uptake Trial.