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Oblivious routing is a static algorithm for routing arbitrary user demands with the property that the competitive ratio, the proportion of the maximum congestion to the best possible congestion, is minimal. Oblivious routing turned out surprisingly efficient in this worst-case sense: in undirected graphs, we pay only a logarithmic performance penalty, and this penalty is usually smaller than 2 in directed graphs as well. However, compared to an optimal adaptive algorithm, which never causes congestion when subjected to a routable demand, oblivious routing surely has congestion. The open question is of how often is the network in a congested state. In this paper, we study two performance measures naturally arising in this context: the probability of congestion and the expected value of congestion. Our main result is the finding that, in certain directed graphs on n nodes, the probability of congestion approaches 1 in some undirected graphs, despite the competitive ratio being O(1).

The current work investigates the shear stress distribution in hydrodynamic cavitation reactors with two different geometries using CFD simulations. Venturi type (positive geometry) and bore (negative geometry) were used to induce cavitation. Experimental validation of the predictions from simulations was also conducted by calculating the reduction rate in the colony count of Legionella pneumophila , a pathogenic bacterial strain. Both the numerical and experimental studies revealed the significant influence of the shape of the cavitation-inducing geometry on the flow characteristics and the distribution of shear stress. The simulation data indicated high shear stress formation in the positive geometry as a venturi, with the cavitation ranges for the two reactors being far apart from each other. The experimental study also confirmed that the flow conditions in the venturi-type reactor were more favourable compared to the bore geometry, resulting in a bacterial reduction efficiency as high as 99.98%. It was clearly demonstrated that the geometry of the cavitating device plays a crucial role in deciding the shear stress and its efficacy for the desired applications as per the predictions of the simulation model validated by the experimental results.

Background Functional assessment can help identify the true extended depth of focus intraocular lenses (EDOF IOLs) on the market. This study aimed to demonstrate the eligibility of the 877PEY ELON IOL (Medicontur Medical Engineering) as a suitable model for this category and to assess its efficacy in clinical settings. Methods In total, 38 patients (76 eyes) were enrolled in the study with bilateral implantation of the investigational IOL. For functional classification, a distance-corrected monocular defocus curve was taken 3 months postoperatively. At the 3- and 12-month follow-ups, manifest refraction, monocular and binocular distance, intermediate and near visual acuities, contrast sensitivity, and patient-reported outcomes were recorded. Results The defocus range (visual acuity [VA] ≤ 0.2 logMAR) on the distance-corrected monocular normalized defocus curve taken at 3 months was 1.7 D, which falls into the Partial Range of Field Extended (later referred to as PRoF-Ex) category, confirming expectations. The binocular depth of focus (VA ≤ 0.1 logMAR) spanned approximately 0.50 D to -1.50 D, and the functional visual acuity (VA ≤ 0.3 logMAR) spanned approximately 1.00 D to -2.50 D. Monocular CSV-1000 outcomes were above the population’s normal ranges. 90.9% of the patients were within ± 0.50 D, and 97.7% were within ± 1.00 D SEQ at the 3-month follow-ups. The outcomes of the VFQ-25 questionnaire demonstrated high scores, and the level of spectacle independence, similar to visual acuity, reflected a strong efficacy in distance and intermediate correction with functional near vision. In terms of photopic phenomena, 90% and 87.5% of patients experienced no-to-moderate rates of glare and halos, respectively. The posterior capsular opacification (PCO) rate was 7.89% at the 12-month follow-up. No adverse events were considered serious. Conclusions The 877PEY model demonstrated capability as a PRoF-Ex IOL with remarkable performance. It is safe to use and delivers a high degree of patient satisfaction.

In Poland, the popularity of the police, the border guards, and the Polish armed forces after the political changes is very high and unbroken. The majority of the population has confidence in the police and sees them as an organization that protects the safety of citizens and serves them. During the decades of communism, like all police in the Eastern Bloc, the law enforcement operated under party’s full control and its main task was to protect the socialist state order. Its operation was permeated by total political influence. During this period,maintaining the power of the party instead of serving the citizens was one of the main tasks of the Polish police. During the decades of communism, police officers brutally acted against people who were not satisfied with the political system and criticized it. For example, in December 1970 there were 18 victims after the police used firearms and live ammunition in Gdynia demonstration. Or also the system critic Roman Catholic priest Jerzy Popieluszko was murdered by some policemen in 1984. After the change of regime, this police force hadto be made up of a law enforcement agency according to the European standard, serving and protecting the citizens. It has to be well-functioning, transparent and accountable. It seems to me that this aim has been fully achieved by our Polish friends. Lengyelországban a rendőrség és általában a fegyveres szervek, a határőrség, a lengyel fegyveres erők rendszerváltás utáni népszerűsége töretlen. A lakosság nagyobb része bizalommal tekint a rendőrségre és azt, egy az állampolgárok biztonságát védő, az állampolgárokat szolgáló szervezetnek tekinti. A kommunizmus évtizedeiben, mint minden, a keleti blokk országaiban működő rendőrség a párt irányítása alatt tevékenykedett, és fő feladata a szocialista államrend védelme volt. Működését áthatotta a teljes politikai befolyás. Ebben azidőszakban az állampolgárok szolgálata helyett a párt hatalmának megőrzése volt az egyik fő feladata a lengyel rendőrségnek is. A kommunizmus évtizedeiben többször léptek fel a rendőrök brutálisan a rendszerrel elégedetlen békés tüntetőkkel szemben, például 1970 decemberében a gdyniai rendőrsortűznek 18 halálos áldozata volt, vagy a rendszerkritikus Jerzy Popieluszko plébánost szintén rendőrök ölték meg 1984-ben (Domány, 1999). A rendszerváltozás után ebből a rendőrségből kellett egy európai színvonalú, szolgáló és védő, jól működő, átlátható, elszámoltatható, az állampolgárok biztonságára vigyázó rendőrséget felépíteni. Számomra úgy tűnik ezt a célt sikerült elérni Lengyelországban.

Purpose The revision of any total knee replacement is carried out in a significant number of cases, due to the excessive internal rotation of the tibial component. The goal was to develop a personalized method, using only the geometric parameters of the tibia, without the femoral guidelines, to calculate the postoperative rotational position of tibial component malrotation within a tolerable error threshold in every case. Methods Preoperative CT scans of eighty-five osteoarthritic knees were examined by three independent medical doctors twice over 7 weeks. The geometric centre of the tibia was produced by the ellipse annotation drawn 8 mm below the tibial plateau, the sagittal and frontal axes of the ellipse were transposed to the slice of the tibial tuberosity. With the usage of several guide lines, a right triangle was drawn within which the personalized Berger angle was calculated. Results A very good intra-observer (0.89-0.925) and inter-observer (0.874) intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was achieved. Even if the average of the personalized Berger values were similar to the original 18° (18.32° in our case), only 70.6% of the patients are between the clinically tolerable thresholds (12.2° and 23.8°). Conclusion The method, measured on the preoperative CT scans, is capable of calculating the required correction during the planning of revision arthroplasties which are necessary due to the tibial component malrotation. The personalized Berger angle isn’t altered during arthroplasty, this way it determines which one of the anterior reference points of the tibia (medial 1/3 or the tip of the tibial tuberosity, medial border or 1/6 or 1/3 or the centre of the patellar tendon) can be used during the positioning of the tibial component. Level of evidence Level II, Diagnostic Study (Methodological Study) .

Az Egyesült Nemzetek Szervezete (ENSZ) békefenntartó tevékenysége sokat változott az elmúlt évtizedek alatt, az első misszió indulása, 1948 óta. A békefenntartó missziók személyi állománya számos kihívással szembesült, illetve szembesül napjainkban is feladatainak ellátása során.A 21. századi békeműveletekbe vezényelt katonák, rendőrök, civil szakértők bonyolult biztonsági környezetben teljesítenek szolgálatot. Olyan kihívásokkal kell megküzdeniük, mint a nemzetközi szervezet missziói elleni terrortámadások, a válságövezetekben jelen levő szervezett bűnözés, ellenséges fegyveres csoportok, a helyi civil lakosság védelme, ellenük elkövetett háborús és emberiség elleni bűncselekmények elkövetőinek törvény elé állítása stb. Ezeket a kihívásokat csak akkor képes az ENSZ eredményesen kezelni, az adott misszió mandátumában meghatározott feladatokat végrehajtani, ha rendelkezik megfelelő hírszerzési támogatással. A békefenntartó tevékenységet mint egyéb nemzeti katonai, rendvédelmi műveleteket csak akkor lehet hatékonyan tervezni, szervezni, végrehajtani, ha a döntésekhez rendelkezésre állnak a szükséges háttérinformációk, a megfelelő hírszerzési támogatási rendszer.

Background and Objectives: Preterm birth as a complex phenomenon is influenced by numerous endogenic and exogenic factors, although its exact cause often remains obscure. According to epidemiological studies, maternal periodontal diseases, in addition to affecting general health, can also cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. Nonetheless, the existing results in the literature regarding this topic remain controversial. Consequently, our study aimed to determine the connection between poor maternal periodontal status and neonatal birth weight. Materials and Methods: A total of 111 primigravida–primiparous pregnant, healthy women underwent a periodontal examination in the second trimester of their pregnancies. Probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were determined, and based on these diagnostic measurements, the patients were divided into three subgroups according to their dental status: healthy (H, n = 17), gingivitis (G, n = 67), and periodontitis (P, n = 27). Results: Considering that poor maternal oral status is an influencing factor for obstetrical outcomes, the presence of PD and BOP (characterized by the sulcus bleeding index, SBI) was evaluated. In the case of P, defined as PD ≥ 4 mm in at least one site and BOP ≥ 50% of the teeth, a significant correlation between BOP and a low neonatal birth weight at delivery (p = 0.001) was found. An analysis of the relationship between SBI and gestational age (GA) at the time of the periodontal examination in the different dental status groups showed a significant correlation between these parameters in the G group (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Our results suggest that a worse periodontal status during pregnancy may negatively affect obstetrical outcomes, especially the prematurity rate and newborn weight. Therefore, the importance of periodontal screening to prevent these complications is undeniable.

Citation networks reveal the flow of knowledge among documents and the interaction between topics. Under undisturbed conditions eg., in case of scientific publications, the information flux results from free association and from searching for contextual references. In such systems, the branching of topics over time leads to a wide horizon of knowledge. As the widening progresses, it becomes harder and harder to ensure the consistency and to avoid contradictions. Here, we present a case study and a model for a citation network, between the legal decisions of the Constitutional Court of Hungary, where an external effect introduces a bottleneck in the network topology of information passing. We show that the effect of the bottleneck is only temporary, and after a transition, the knowledge flow revives. On the other hand, we show that referring to earlier knowledge becomes indirect after the bottleneck.

Background: Laeverin is an extravillous trophoblast marker playing a significant role in trophoblast migration. We endeavored to estimate the association between the amniotic and serum laeverin concentrations at 16–22 weeks of gestation and the fetal and placental ultrasound measurements in high-risk uncomplicated pregnancies. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of consecutively recruited singleton pregnancies undergoing amniocentesis was performed. Fetal structural malformations and/or aneuploidy were the exclusion criteria. Fetal biometric parameters and placental growth/perfusion were assessed by ultrasound in 44 high-risk pregnancies who had no pregnancy complications and any other chronic disease. Maternal serum and amniotic laeverin levels were essayed with sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum laeverin levels are decreasing marginally with the maternal age in mid-gestation. Laeverin levels in the serum correlated minimally negatively with head size of the fetus (β = −0.38; p < 0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.03–0.01), whereas the amniotic level correlated strongly with the fetal abdominal circumference (β = −0.74; p < 0.05; 95% CI: −0.34–−0.09). In addition, the amniotic laeverin level correlated moderately and positively with the placental volume (β = 0.46; p < 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01–0.08). Conclusions: Laeverin levels detected in the serum and in the amniotic fluid denote the fetoplacental growth in uncomplicated high-risk pregnancies.

Perinatal depression is one of the most common mental illnesses in women. The aim of this study was to assess the association of life stressors, perceived stress, obstetric and neonatal complications, and depressive symptoms in the early postpartum period and to compare these variables in two groups of women (preterm and term deliveries). Methods: A case–control study was conducted among 300 women who gave birth in 2019 at the University of Szeged. Cases included women with preterm deliveries (<37 weeks, n = 100), and the controls included women with term deliveries (≥37 weeks, n = 200). Data were collected during postpartum hospital stays through a self-administered questionnaire (containing validated questionnaires: the Holmes–Rahe Life Stress Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)) and the medical records of women and newborns. A descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression were used to identify predictors of high EPDS scores (≥10). Results: Perceived stress levels were significantly higher among cases than controls (p < 0.001). Higher perceived stress was associated with a higher risk of depression in cases (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.17–1.48, p < 0.001) and controls (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.21–1.45, p < 0.001), too. Newborn complications were associated with an increased perinatal depression risk in the controls (OR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.05–5.91; p = 0.039) but not in the cases (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 0.79–9.85; p = 0.111). It is supposed that premature birth was stressful itself, and women with preterm babies were less sensitive to any complications occurring in their newborns compared to women with term newborns. Neither maternal age, education, nor obstetric complications predicted depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the impact of maternal perceived stress and newborns’ health status on the risk of developing depression during the early postpartum period. These results emphasize the need for ongoing screening and follow-up measures, especially for women with higher EPDS scores.