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Context: Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death. Many Asian countries experience an increasing incidence of CRC due to changes in diet and lifestyle. Many pathological prognostic factors other than the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging reflect the biological behavior of tumor tissue and influence the treatment and survival. Aims: The aim is to evaluate: (1) Various morphological prognostic factors of colorectal cancer, (2) the correlation of the prognostic factors with survival, and (3) the prognostic factors with independent prognostic significance. Settings and Design: Descriptive study conducted in a tertiary care center in Kerala. Materials and Methods: Five hundred and eighty-seven resected specimens of CRC received from January 1, 2007 to October 31, 2012 were studied for various morphological prognostic factors. Overall survival and disease-free survival were obtained by Kaplan Meier survival analysis. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of survival. Results: CRC incidence was higher in the age group 40-60 years and males were dominant. Rectum was the common site with bleeding per rectum as a common symptom. Predominant tumors had ulcerative gross configuration, size ≤5 cm and were free of transverse, radial margin involvement. Majority of tumors were well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with invasion beyond muscularis propria, without vascular, perineural invasion, and lymph node involvement and were in Stage II. The overall and disease-free 3-year survival rates were 89.1% and 88%, respectively. Among the eight significant factors in univariate analysis, tumor histology, depth of invasion, and perineural invasion were found to have independent prognostic significance in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: In addition to the TNM staging, other morphological prognostic factors should be given importance, while considering the patients for adjuvant therapy to improve the survival rates in CRC.

The data aggregation is used generally in VANETs to preserve the user information and reduces the traffic due to packets of high frequency data. The data aggregation schemes performing multiple operations, usually undergoes problem related to message complexity, which leads to increased communication and storage overhead. This case is true in case of message transmitted frequently from a vehicle to provide communication in vehicular adhoc networks. Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) lacks efficiency due to severe communicationoverhead problem. Hence, this paper improves the privacy of nodes in vehicular networks with reduced communication overhead. To achieve such concerns in VANETs, homomorphic encryption with pseudonym is utilized to carry the messages that tends to change with a desired frequency. The pseudonym changes often with vehicle mobility and the physical and logical address tends to vary over time. Here, the information of the vehicle relating its physical location and speed is made known globally in network, however, the information specific to vehicle and message transmitted is not known to the network. The message is encrypted with proposed Full homomorphic encryption (FHE) scheme to improve the security and reduce the overhead. Also, measures are taken such that the one pseudonym does not matches with the other pseudonym and makes the attacker ineffective for vehicle information tracking. The performance of the proposed FHE is compared with Paillier cryptosystem. It is found that the proposed method provides less communication overhead to transmit the message with improved security than with Paillier cryptosystem.

In order for low and middle income countries (LMIC) to transition to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) test based cervical cancer screening, a greater understanding of how to implement these evidence based interventions (EBI) among vulnerable populations is needed. This paper documents outcomes of an implementation research on HPV screening among women from tribal, rural, urban slum settings in India. A mixed-method, pragmatic, quasi-experimental trial design was used. HPV screening on self-collected cervical samples was offered to women aged 30-60 years. Implementation strategies were 1) Assessment of contextual factors using both qualitative and quantitative methods like key informant interviews (KII), focus group discussions (FGDs), pre-post population sample surveys, capacity assessment of participating departments 2) enhancing provider capacity through training workshops, access to HPV testing facility, colposcopy, thermal ablation/cryotherapy at the primary health care centers 3) community engagement, counselling for self-sampling and triage process by frontline health care workers (HCWs). Outcomes were assessed using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance) framework. Screening rate in 8 months' of study was 31.0%, 26.7%, 32.9%, prevalence of oncogenic HPV was 12.1%, 3.1%, 5.5%, compliance to triage was 53.6%, 45.5%, 84.6% in tribal, urban slum, rural sites respectively. Pre-cancer among triage compliant HPV positive women was 13.6% in tribal, 4% in rural and 0% among urban slum women. Unique challenges faced in the tribal setting led to programme adaptations like increasing honoraria of community health workers for late-evening work and recalling HPV positive women for colposcopy by nurses, thermal ablation by gynaecologist at the outreach camp site. Self-collection of samples combined with HCW led community engagement activities, flexible triage processes and strengthening of health system showed an acceptable screening rate and better compliance to triage, highlighting the importance of identifying the barriers and developing strategies suitable for the setting. CTRI/2021/09/036130.

The increasing test data volume is considered as a biggest challenge in circuit under test. This challenge leads to higher computational complexity associated with the testing circuits. To reduce the testing time and addresses the problem related to high overhead, high fault coverage andincreased power dissipationmethod is used in system-on-chip (SoC). A new test compression method called divide and compress (D&C) lossless compression coder with Discrete Cosine Transformis used to enhance the compression capability. This framework of D&C lossless compression coder combines the lossless and lossy compression methods. The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) manipulates each data bit inside file and this reduces the file size without any data loss after decoding to lossless compression.Depending on the data characteristic, the compression of data is done without any loss in data. Further, the decompression is attained using advanced Finite State Machine (FSM) to reduce overhead. The experimental results on large benchmark circuits like ITC’99 and ISCAS’99 proves that the proposed D&C lossless compression attains reduced testing time and better compression ratio. Further, itlays only soft burden on the hardware.

Boron nitride (BN) reinforced Al6061 aluminum-based composites are synthesized by conventional stir casting method followed by exposure to hot extrusion. The optical images confirmed the distribution of BN nanoparticles in the aluminum alloy matrix. The concentration of BN is varied from (0.5, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5, and 9 wt%) in the composites and its effect on the tensile strength was investigated. The results revealed that both extruded and heat-treated composites specimens showed enhanced toughness and tensile strength by increasing BN nanoparticle concentration. The heat-treated composite samples showed lower flexibility of up to 40%, and further, it exhibited 37% greater hardness and 32% enhancement in tensile strength over the extruded sample. The tensile properties of Al6061-BN composites were evaluated by temperature-dependent internal friction (TDIF) analysis and the results showed that the as-prepared composite's strength increased with temperature.

Recent developments in FACTS have produced U.P.Q.C to mitigate sag and attenuate THD. U.P.Q.C has been urbanized as a FACTS controller between feeding end & far end of distribution system .The U-P-Q-C is capable of improving the voltage profile & reducing THD of distribution system by regulating the voltage using PR (Proportional-Resonant-Controller) and MPC (Model-Predictive) controller. This work proposes U-P-Q-C for Thirty Three Bus Systems .The objective of this work is to enhance-voltage-profile of T-T-B-S. The T-T-B-S in open loop & closed loop-TTBS- U-P-Q-C using PR and MPC-controllers are-modeled,pretend & their consequences are represented. Responses are estimated as a time of settle and error in steady state. The outcomes indicate that MP Controlled T-T-B-S system has better response than PR controlled T-T-B-S system.

Background: Coronavirus 2019 infection (COVID 19) is an ongoing pandemic caused by pathogenic RNA viruses called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2). It has affected people of all ages, with high morbidity and mortality among the elderly and immunocompromised population. Limited information is available on the effects of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy. Aim: To describe the histopathological changes in the placental tissue of SARS-CoV-2 infected term mothers with no comorbidities and to correlate with neonatal outcome. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, KMCH institute of health sciences and research, Coimbatore from May 1, 2020 to November 30, 2020 for 6 months. Placental tissues of all COVID-19-positive term mothers with no comorbidities were included in this study. Histopathological examination of placentae was carried out and clinical data of mothers and newborn babies were obtained from medical records. Results: Histopathological examination of 64 placental tissue of COVID-19 mothers showed predominantly the features of fetal vascular malperfusion like stem villi vasculature thrombus, villous congestion, and avascular villi. No significant correlation was obtained in comparison with parity and symptomatic status of the mothers. However, histopathological changes were more prominent among symptomatic patients. The newborn babies born to these mothers showed no adverse outcome. Conclusion: This study concluded that though COVID-19 infection in normal term pregnant women was associated with increased prevalence of features of fetal vascular malperfusion, there was no significant morbidity in the health status of both COVID-19 mothers and their neonates.

An exploratory study was designed to ascertain the differences and relationship between students' perception of their teachers' feelings towards them and the variables: self-perception, academic achievement, gender, socio-economic status, the stream of study and type of school. Altogether 450 school going adolescents of grade XI aged 16-17 years were randomly selected resulting in 230 female 220 male students from nine different schools of Chennai. Bilingual (English and Tamil) research instruments namely, \"I think I am\" and, \"My teacher thinks I am\", were used to collect the data. The study shows that there was a significant difference in the students' perception of their teachers' feelings towards them among male and female students. There was also a difference in self-perception of students based on the types of educational board. However, the students' perception of their teachers' feelings toward them and self-perception are independent of socio-economic status. Further, there was a statistically significant effect on the stream of study and type of school on students' academic achievement. However, we found no significant effect of gender and socio economic status on academic achievement.

In this paper, a multi input Cuk converter is designed and simulated using a fuzzy logic controller. Multi input Cuk converter have their own applications in DC grid system that can be used to integrate multiple sources together and then create a common DC bus bar. Conventionally, a separate DC-DC converter is required to produce output of each source. This creates a complex network and is also not a cost effective solution. Therefore, a combined converter model is created and simulated in MATLAB using intelligent fuzzy logic controller approach. This helps in minimization of ripple content, power quality improvement, flexibility, and it is efficient in regulation of DC bus voltage. A single stage Cuk converter is designed first using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) as the control of duty cycle and later using PI controller. The waveform response in both conditions were noted down and analysis were done. Then a fuzzy logic controller for single source is implemented with intelligent algorithm. Improvement in signal quality was noted down with the use of fuzzy logic and later it was incorporated in creating a multi input Cuk converter. Only DC input integration of multiple energy either renewable or non-renewable sources is discussed in this paper.