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This research aims to investigate and answer these questions: are western unilateral coercive measures effective in changing state behavior, or do they harm civilian populations more than governments? Prior studies on sanctions have almost exclusively focused on the economic impact that sanctions have on target states, whilst few have considered the consequences that they have on humanitarian conditions. This paper uses the case of Syria to evaluate the impact of sanctions on humanitarian conditions. we employ a process tracing methodology, and select three indicators (Economic Growth, Unemployment and Food Security) to chart changes in humanitarian conditions to determine whether the changes in the indicators may be due to sanctions. By examining humanitarian conditions in Syria five years before being sanctioned (2006- 2011) to the sanction period of 2011- 2020, this study unearths evidence that humanitarian conditions deteriorated because of sanctions in areas including: economic growth and reflections that on employments and food security.

Disposal of plastic waste is a serious problem, because plastics accumulate in the environment and cause significant pollution due to their degradability. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to reach the biodegradable plastics industry as alternatives to non-biodegradable plastics. And the existence of such biodegradable plastic must contribute in reducing the emission of harmful greenhouse gases and keeps the environment clean, and reduces the cost for pollution from the accumulation of plastic waste. Algae was used as a raw material for the production of bio-plastics because of its unique properties such as it grows rapidly and in large quantities at a low cost and grows in a variety of water environments throughout the year, which means that there is no risk in the difficulty of securing the raw materials needed for the production of bio-plastics The study concluded that the tested samples partially decomposed in fresh and alkaline water during a period of 26 days, which means a high dependence on algae to the production of bio plastics as an environmentally friendly industry.