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Networks are recognized as a central component of the entrepreneurial process, in particular with regard to opportunity identification and exploitation. In this study, we specifically analyze the role of mentors who are in business as opportunity brokers and enablers among university students with entrepreneurial intentions. Our investigation on 1022 students from 13 French-language universities based in Canada, France, Belgium and Algeria indicates that mentors in business, contrary to other mentors, support opportunity identification and exploitation among university students. Although student gender, entrepreneurial experience and education have a more pronounced effect, mentoring is the only element that can be controlled for through the creation of formal support programs. These results call on public authorities, and universities in particular, to implement formal mentoring programs to support students who are interested in starting their own business, and who would not otherwise have access to business mentors in their environment.

Le concept de « diaspora » est d'un usage très répandu ces trente dernières années dans la littérature anglophone et francophone. Il est appliqué pour désigner les migrants chinois, indiens, libanais, juifs, ou la communauté des migrants noirs, etc. Aussi, ces cinq dernières années, ce terme fait son entrée en Algérie et devient en vogue dans la sphère politique et médiatique substituant ainsi celui de « communauté algérienne établie à l'étranger » qui désigne officiellement cette partie de la population algérienne. Cependant, les Algériens de l'étranger forment ils une diaspora ? La question vaut d'être posée, car elle n'est pas définitivement tranchée concernant cette communauté. Partant de l'analyse de la littérature contemporaine (d'Armstrong 1976, Sheffer 1986, Cohen 1997, et Dufoix 2012) du concept de diaspora, l'article traite de son accointance avec le cas de la migration algérienne.

We aimed to assess the performance of a new strip (Periscreen) for the rapid diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Ascitic fluid (AF) of cirrhotic patients hospitalized between March 2014 and August 2015 was independently tested by two readers using the new strip, which has four colorimetric graduations (negative, trace, small, and large). SBP was diagnosed on neutrophils in ascites>250/mm . Ascites not related to portal hypertension were excluded. Overall, 649 patients from 21 French centers were included and 1,402 AF (803 AF samples from 315 outpatients and 599 samples from 334 inpatients) were assessed. Eighty-four AF samples (17 AF in 9 outpatients and 67 AF in 31 inpatients) were diagnosed as SBP. The prevalence of SBP was 6% (2.1% in outpatients vs. 11.2% in inpatients; P<0.001) and 7.2% in patients with symptoms suggestive of SBP (3% in outpatients vs. 11.3% in inpatients; P<0.001). The κ value for inter-reader agreement was 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.77-0.84) when using the \"trace\" threshold. Considering discordant results (n=131) as positive to interpret the diagnostic performance of the strip at the \"trace\" threshold, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 91.7, 57.1, 12.0, and 99.1%, respectively. At this \"trace\" threshold, sensitivity and NPV were both 100% in outpatients, and 89.5 and 97.9% in inpatients, respectively. At the \"small\" threshold, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 81.0, 85.9, 25.9 and 98.7%, respectively. The Periscreen strip is a rapid and highly efficient tool for excluding SBP in the outpatient setting.