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This study inspects the viability of engaging the discarded paper wastes in concrete by varying the volume proportions from 0%–20% with each 5% increment in replacement of the weight of cement. A physiomechanical study was conducted, and the results were presented. A glass fiber reinforced rectangular slab with a longer span (ly) to shorter span (lx) ratio of (ly: lx) 1.16 was cast with optimum replacement of waste-paper mass and compared the force-deformation characteristics with the conventional concrete slab without waste paper. The optimum percentage of discarded papers for the replacement of cement is 5%. Also, the results imply that the compressive strength at the age of 28 days is 30% improved for the optimum replacement. Based on the outcomes of the investigation, it can be inferred that the compressive strength gets progressively reduced if the volume of the discarded paper gets increases. The incorporation of glass fibers improves the split and flexural strength of the concrete specimens considerably. The ultimate load-carrying capacity of the glass fiber reinforced waste paper incorporated concrete slab measured 42% lower than that of the conventional slab. However, development of the new type of concrete incorporating waste papers is the new trend in ensuring the sustainability of construction materials.

The main objective of this research is to develop a hybrid damper by combining the friction damper (FD) and the X-shaped metallic damper (XMD) to enhance the performance of a building under seismic excitations with different peak ground accelerations (PGA). Four- and twelve-storey-reinforced concrete buildings were retrofitted with the hybrid damper, and seismic fragility, nonlinear dynamic, and life cycle cost analyses were executed on both structures to evaluate the performance of the hybrid damper and are compared with the FD and XMD of same yield load. According to the nonlinear dynamic analysis results, when a four-storey structure is installed with the XMD, FD, and hybrid dampers, the percentage of deduction of the average of the maximum interstorey drifts is 63, 67, and 74, respectively. When a twelve-storey structure is installed with the XMD, FD, and hybrid dampers, the percentage of deduction of the average of the maximum interstorey drifts is 59, 64, and 71, respectively. So the performance of the hybrid damper is superior to the XMD and FD in reducing interstorey drift of both structures. Results also show that the hybrid damper has enhanced the energy dissipation capacity compared to the XMD and FD under earthquakes with both low and high PGA values. According to fragility analysis results, the performance of the hybrid damper is superior to the XMD and FD in reducing the probability of attaining the collapse state. Life cycle cost analysis results show that structures with the hybrid damper acquired the shortest repair time and lowest repair cost.

The major goal of this research is to see how carbon nanotubes and silica fume affect the durability and mechanical qualities of high-performance concrete (HPC). Mechanical properties, such as split tensile strength, compressive strength, elasticity modulus, and flexural strength, and durability properties like water absorption, abrasion, chloride penetration, acid, and sea water resistance, impact resistance of HPC consisting silica fume (SF), and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were examined in this study. Varied trail combinations with different proportions of CNT and SF admixtures were created for this reason. Portland cement was partially replaced with 1 percent, 1.5 percent, 2 percent, and 3 percent CNT, while SF was substituted with 5 percent, 7.5 percent, and 10 percent. Both CNT and SF outperform conventional concrete in terms of mechanical and durability attributes, according to the findings. CNT produces superior results than SF due to its smaller size.

Carbon emission has been considerably higher in India in the last few decades. The greenhouse gases increased to an imaginary volume, a major contributor to global warming. Chennai is one of India’s large cosmopolitan cities, contributing more Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P.) and carbon to the atmosphere. The infrastructure sector is always a booming sector in and around Chennai, which requires more construction materials. In turn, the construction of new buildings expands the city with a large area of urban and suburban Chennai, where I.T. division, automobile division, and industrial estates are available. Hence, this study deals with the carbon emission of a residential building constructed with conventional materials in and around Chennai. So, one can estimate the emission of carbon by the conventional building, which leads to global warming and climate change.

Groundwater seems to be the most significant natural source of potable water for millions of individuals. Fluoride pollution in groundwater is a big problem in Tamil Nadu’s Dharmapuri area. According to a survey done in a school in the Dharmapuri area, dental and skeletal fluoroses afflict almost 75% of school kids. There is no proven or recommended cost-effective strategy for lowering fluoride levels in the home. This study proposes cost-effective and efficient natural treatment approaches for lowering fluoride levels. In this experiment, fluorides in groundwater are eliminated to a suitable extent utilizing natural adsorbents. Neem stem charcoal (activated carbon), neem leaves powder, dry coconut husk, coconut shell charcoal (activated carbon), and rice husk powder are natural adsorbents. The adsorbents were utilized at different concentrations until the best concentration was found. The ideal concentration removes the bulk of fluoride from groundwater and delivers adequate treatment. People could adopt this cost-effective procedure because just a few components are enough. As per the Bureau of Indian Standards, the concentration should not exceed 1.5 ppm, and it should not be lesser than 1 ppm; keeping this in mind, the neem stem charcoal which has higher efficiency in removing fluoride can be used in extensive environments, but in this selected place, it reduces the concentration even below 1 ppm, which relays below the standard level. As a result, adopting these procedures helps prevent dental and skeletal fluoroses, which is common among young people.

Abstract This study introduces a novel solar water heating system for residential applications, integrating an evacuated tube solar collector with a combined thermal mass storage unit using water and phase change material (PCM). The system optimizes energy retention and heat delivery by leveraging PCM’s high latent heat storage capacity and water’s specific heat. Experimental results demonstrated significant performance improvements, with PCM-based storage achieving temperatures up to 85°C at high sunlight intensity (1200 W/m2), surpassing water-only systems by 13%. The system maintained consistent water temperatures (33°C–58°C) despite low sunlight intensities. This innovation enhances system efficiency, adaptability, and sustainability under variable sunlight.