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Purpose This paper aims to explore a model of digital language archiving based on a collaboration between under-resourced indigenous communities and an institutional library. The model’s effectiveness is assessed in creating resources and digital language archives to support speaker communities and language documentation programmes for endangered and lesser-known languages in India. Design/methodology/approach The model of SiDHELA, the first indigenous language archive developed in India at Sikkim University by the Centre for Endangered Languages in collaboration with the Central Library, is described. Findings This study finds that localised repositories developed in collaboration with institutional libraries work as a more effective and accessible resource centre for indigenous communities, rather than the centralised data stores that collate all language data, which is the dominant method of language documentation in the world. Social implications It is the authors’ belief that the active role of libraries in language documentation and preservation of indigenous knowledge will open future gateways for language revitalization for under-resourced languages of the world. Originality/value SiDHELA is a novel attempt at localised digital language archiving in collaboration with indigenous communities of Sikkim and the North Bengal region of India.

Gastric acid-reducing medications (ARMs) such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine type 2 receptor blockers (H2 blockers) are crucial in pediatric care for treating various gastrointestinal conditions. These medications are frequently used to treat erosive esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). ARMs are essential to the administration of eosinophilic esophagitis and infection. Additionally, literature also supports its use in alleviating drug-induced dyspepsia, preventing stress-related mucosal damage, and lowering the risk of acid aspiration syndrome during anesthesia in critical care settings. Despite the widespread indications of ARMs, PPIs, the most potent acid suppressants, present concerns regarding safety and their inappropriate use in pediatrics. This paper aims to address these gaps by providing comprehensive, practical recommendations for ARM use in pediatric settings. The methodology involved a structured literature review and opinions from 24 pediatric specialists across India, including neonatologists, general pediatricians, pediatric gastroenterologists, a pediatric hepatologist, pediatric nephrologists, a pediatric pulmonologist, and a pediatric intensivist on the appropriate choice of ARM use in various clinical scenarios. They emphasized the benefits of H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) over PPIs, particularly in neonates and infants, where H2RAs offer a safer alternative due to their lower risk of adverse effects. The paper outlines the effective application of H2RAs in managing GERD, preventing stress ulcers, and treating drug-induced dyspepsia. It also provides guidelines for appropriate ARM use, stressing the need for careful patient evaluation to minimize the risk of unnecessary ARM use. Pediatricians also provided a view on the use of H2RAs beyond gastrointestinal indications, such as in urticaria, where they show promising clinical application when combined with H1-antihistamines. This paper offers valuable insights and recommendations for optimizing the use of ARM in pediatric practice. By highlighting the advantages of H2RAs and addressing the limitations and risks associated with PPIs, the paper aims to guide clinicians in making informed, evidence-based decisions. The goal is to improve clinical outcomes, promote the rational use of ARM, and enhance the quality of pediatric care.

Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalayan Endangered Languages Archive (SiDHELA) created by the Centre for Endangered Languages, Sikkim University is India’s first endangered language archive. This archive is part of the ongoing language documentation initiatives of the Centre funded by the University Grant Commission. The Centre, formally established in December 2016 aims for preservation and promotion of endangered languages in Sikkim and North Bengal. The Centre carries out documentation and description of the indigenous endangered languages of the region through linguistic and ethnographic fieldwork. SiDHELA conceptualised as a platform for a linguistic resource of the languages spoken in the region, houses the primary data collected through fieldwork. One of the main aims of this archive is to preserve the data for long term usage and dissemination. Central Library, Sikkim University hosts the archive under its digital library. Through this archive the Centre for Endangered Languages, Sikkim University seeks not just to preserve and protect but also to promote the use of endangered languages spoken in the region. This paper presents the journey of this archive from idea to reality. This paper outlines the motivation behind the conceptualisation of SiDHELA as a regional archive and then discusses its development. It includes discussion on the developmental platform, theoretical issues in the conceptualisation of the archive and practical challenges in its design and development and its prospects. This paper thus primarily intends to inform scholars and researchers working with endangered languages of the region about this archive and its development. Finally, it hopes to kindle interest among researchers and librarians for developments of more such regional archives.

A non-fragile memory feedback control methodology is precisely proposed in this study for synchronization of hierarchical hybrid coupled neural networks (HHCNNs) over finite-time domain with mismatched quantization channels and external disturbances. Specifically, the considered network model incorporates both higher level deterministic switching and lower level Markov switching. Moreover, an undirected communication topology is selected to project the addressed HHCNNs. The foremost intention of this study is to substantiate the synchronization criterion over finite interval of time with proposed H ∞ disturbance attenuation. In consideration to this motive, by conferring Lyapunov stability theory in conjunction with average dwell-time technique, a collection of adequate conditions is established for assuring the exponential synchronization criterion through a set of linear matrix inequalities. Moreover, the desired the memory feedback controller with gain variations is computed based on the developed matrix inequalities. Finally, the developed theoretical results are validated through a numerical example, which showcases the significance and advantage of the developed control strategy.

Silver–nickel alloy nanoparticles with an average size of 30–40 nm were synthesized by chemically reducing the mixture of silver and nickel salts using sodium borohydride. The structure and the magnetic properties of the alloy samples with different compositions were investigated. The phase stability of the material was analysed after annealing the sample in vacuum at various temperatures. The material exhibits single fcc phase which is stable up to 400 °C and Ni precipitation sets in when the sample is annealed to 500 °C. The thermal analysis using DSC was carried out to confirm the same. The alloy compositions are found to be in close correlation with the metal salt ratios in the precursors. The synthesized samples exhibit weak paramagnetic to ferromagnetic behaviour. The magnetic measurements reveal that by adjusting the precursor ratio, the Ni content in the material can be altered and hence its magnetic properties tailored to suit specific requirements. The formation of Ag–Ni alloy is confirmed by the observed Curie temperature from the magneto thermogram. Annealing the sample helps to produce significant enhancement in the magnetization of the material.

In this paper Ti-6Al-4V used as workpiece material and it is keenly seen in variety of field including medical, chemical, marine, automotive, aerospace, aviation, electronic industries, nuclear reactor, consumer products etc., The conventional machining of Ti-6Al-4V is very difficult due to its distinctive properties. The Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is right choice of machining this material. The tungsten copper composite material is employed as tool material. The gap voltage, peak current, pulse on time and duty factor is considered as the machining parameter to analyze the machining characteristics Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Tool Wear Rate (TWR). The Taguchi method is provided to work for finding the significant parameter of EDM. It is found that for MRR significant parameters rated in the following order Gap Voltage, Pulse On-Time, Peak Current and Duty Factor. On the other hand for TWR significant parameters are listed in line of Gap Voltage, Duty Factor, Peak Current and Pulse On-Time.

To determine the distribution of inguinal nodes around the vessels, margins needed around the vessels and inferior extent of contouring in the inguinal region. Fifty patients having pelvic malignancies with one or more malignant nodes in the inguinal region were retrospectively included in this study. The position of the nodes in relation to the vessels, size of the nodes, the distance from the center of the node to the edge of the nearest vessel was measured. Margins required to cover the nodes from the vessels and position of the nodes in relation to the lesser trochanter was noted. Most of the nodes were placed either anteromedial (46%) or anterior (46.6%) to the vessels (92.6%). The range of margin required to cover all nodes in the anteromedial, anterior and anteriolateral direction varied from 0.8 to 2.7 cm. Only one node was more than 2 cm below the lower edge of lesser trochanter. Elective clinical target volume for inguinal lymph nodes requires a minimum margin of 2.5 cm from the femoral vessels in the anterior, anterolateral and anteromedial direction 1.5 cm margin is required medially. Inferior extent of the contour should be 2 cm below the lower edge of lesser trochanter.