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One of the possible signs of life on distant habitable exoplanets is the red-edge, which is a rise in the reflectivity of planets between visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Previous studies suggested the possibility that the red-edge position for habitable exoplanets around M-dwarfs may be shifted to a longer wavelength than that for Earth. We investigated plausible red-edge position in terms of the light environment during the course of the evolution of phototrophs. We show that phototrophs on M-dwarf habitable exoplanets may use visible light when they first evolve in the ocean and when they first colonize the land. The adaptive evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis may eventually also use NIR radiation, by one of two photochemical reaction centers, with the other center continuing to use visible light. These “two-color” reaction centers can absorb more photons, but they will encounter difficulty in adapting to drastically changing light conditions at the boundary between land and water. NIR photosynthesis can be more productive on land, though its evolution would be preceded by the Earth-type vegetation. Thus, the red-edge position caused by photosynthetic organisms on habitable M-dwarf exoplanets could initially be similar to that on Earth and later move to a longer wavelength.

•A musician with absolute pitch (AP) developed right putaminal hemorrhage.•Neural fibers from the Heschl's gyrus were evaluated by tractography.•The right fibers from the Heschl's gyrus to the frontal lobe were absent.•However, the patient maintained AP.•The fibers described above are not associated with AP. Absolute pitch (AP) is known as the ability to recognize and label the pitch chroma of a given tone without external reference. The neural mechanism and its asymmetry of AP musicians remain unclear. We herein report a 41-year-old AP musician who developed a right putaminal hemorrhage. On a postoperative day 5, a fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image revealed the rest of the hematoma and edematous lesion at the right white matter between the Heschl's gyrus and other cortices. Diffusion tensor tractography with the region of interest at the Heschl's gyrus was performed. In the left hemisphere, the anterior part of the arcuate fiber and middle longitudinal fasciculus were observed. However, these connections were absent in the right hemisphere, but her AP ability was maintained. Our case suggested that the fibers from the right Heschl's gyrus to the right frontal lobe via the right ventral stream is not associated with AP.

We present the discovery and characterization of a new multi-planetary system around the Sun-like star K2-360 (EPIC 201595106). K2-360 was first identified in K2 photometry as the host of an ultra-short-period (USP) planet candidate with a period of 0.88 d. We obtained follow-up transit photometry, confirming the star as the host of the signal. High precision radial velocity measurements from HARPS and HARPS-N confirm the transiting USP planet and reveal the existence of an outer (non-transiting) planet with an orbital period of ∼ 10 d. We measure a mass of 7.67 ± 0.75   M ⊕ and a radius of 1.57 ± 0.08   R ⊕ for the transiting planet, yielding a high mean density of 11 ± 2  g  cm - 3 , making it the densest well-characterized USP super-Earth discovered to date. We measure a minimum mass of 15.2 ± 1.8   M ⊕ for the outer planet, and explore a migration formation pathway via the von Zeipel–Kozai–Lidov (ZKL) mechanism and tidal dissipation.

Lance-Adams syndrome (LAS) is chronic post-hypoxic myoclonus after a hypoxic encephalopathy. Recently, the report on LAS in the chronic term treated by perampanel (PER) is increasing. However, PER's efficacy in the \"acute term\" has not been reported. Here, we report an LAS patient who markedly improved when PER was added to his existing treatment regime in the acute term. The 65-year-old patient presented with a return of spontaneous circulation after cardiopulmonary arrest. He developed myoclonus on the admission day, and it led to tonic-clonic convulsion. We started levetiracetam 3000 mg/day, lacosamide 400 mg/day, general anesthesia using midazolam 180 mg/day, dexmedetomidine 1000 μg/day, and fentanyl 1.2 mg/day. We could stop the convulsions after 18 h from the onset. We tried to reduce sedatives, but his convulsion recurred. We added PER 2 mg/day for three days, PER 4 mg/day for next four days, then used PER 8 mg/day and we could gradually reduce the sedatives. Single-photon emission computed tomography on day 40 showed cerebral blood flow (CBF) increase at the bilateral anterior lobes of the cerebellum, medial temporal lobes, and supplementary motor and premotor areas, while CBF decrease at the brain surface of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. The myoclonus disappeared since day 12, and he was transferred to another rehabilitation hospital on day 56. The optimal treatment strategy has not been established for LAS, but our case suggested that PER could be one of the choices to treat LAS in the acute term.

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is currently concluding its 2 yr primary science mission searching 85% of the sky for transiting exoplanets. TESS has already discovered well over one thousand TESS objects of interest (TOIs), but these candidate exoplanets must be distinguished from astrophysical false positives using other instruments or techniques. The 3-band Multi-color Simultaneous Camera for Studying Atmospheres of Transiting Planets (MuSCAT), as well as the 4-band MuSCAT2, can be used to validate TESS discoveries. Transits of exoplanets are achromatic when observed in multiple bandpasses, while transit depths for false positives often vary with wavelength. We created software tools to simulate MuSCAT/MuSCAT2 TESS follow-up observations and reveal which planet candidates can be efficiently distinguished from blended eclipsing binary (BEB) false positives using these two instruments, and which must be validated using other techniques. We applied our software code to the Barclay et al.predicted TESS discoveries, as well as to TOIs downloaded from the ExoFOP-TESS website. We estimate that MuSCAT (MuSCAT2 values in parentheses) will be able to use its multi-color capabilities to distinguish BEB false positives for ∼17% (∼18%) of all TESS discoveries, and ∼13% (∼15%) of Rpl < 4R⊕ discoveries. Our TOI analysis shows that MuSCAT (MuSCAT2) can distinguish BEB false positives for ∼55% (∼52%) of TOIs with transit depths greater than 0.001, for ∼64% (∼61%) of TOIs with transit depths greater than 0.002, and for ∼70% (∼68%) of TOIs with transit depth greater than 0.003. Our work shows that MuSCAT and MuSCAT2 can validate hundreds of Rpl < 4R⊕ candidate exoplanets, thus supporting the TESS mission in achieving its Level 1 Science Requirement of measuring the masses of 50 exoplanets smaller in size than Neptune. Our software tools will assist scientists as they prioritize and optimize follow-up observations of TOIs.

With the aging population in Japan, the prediction of ambulance transports is needed to save the limited medical resources. Some meteorological factors were risks of ambulance transports, but it is difficult to predict in a classically statistical way because Japan has 4 seasons. We tried to make prediction models for ambulance transports using the deep learning (DL) framework, Prediction One (Sony Network Communications Inc., Tokyo, Japan), with the meteorological and calendarial variables. We retrospectively investigated the daily ambulance transports and meteorological data between 2017 and 2019. First, to confirm their association, we performed classically statistical analysis. Second, to test the DL framework's utility for ambulance transports prediction, we made 3 prediction models for daily ambulance transports (total daily ambulance transports more than 5 or not, cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA), and trauma) using meteorological and calendarial factors and evaluated their accuracies by internal cross-validation. During the 1095 days of 3 years, the total ambulance transports were 5948, including 240 CPAs and 337 traumas. Cardiogenic CPA accounted for 72.3%, according to the Utstein classification. The relation between ambulance transports and meteorological parameters by polynomial curves were statistically obtained, but their r s were small. On the other hand, all DL-based prediction models obtained satisfactory accuracies in the internal cross-validation. The areas under the curves obtained from each model were all over 0.947. We could statistically make polynomial curves between the meteorological variables and the number of ambulance transport. We also preliminarily made DL-based prediction models. The DL-based prediction for daily ambulance transports would be used in the future, leading to solving the lack of medical resources in Japan.

Introduction Prediction models of functional independent measure (FIM) score after kaifukuki (convalescent) rehabilitation ward (KRW) are needed to decide the treatment strategies and save medical resources. Statistical models were reported, but their accuracies were not satisfactory. We made such prediction models using the deep learning (DL) framework, Prediction One (Sony Network Communications Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Methods Of the 559 consecutive stroke patients, 122 patients were transferred to our KRW. We divided our 122 patients' data randomly into halves of training and validation datasets. Prediction One made three prediction models from the training dataset using (1) variables at the acute care ward admission, (2) those at the KRW admission, and (3) those combined (1) and (2). The models' determination coefficients (R2), correlation coefficients (rs), and residuals were calculated using the validation dataset. Results Of the 122 patients, the median age was 71, length of stay (LOS) in acute care ward 23 (17-30) days, LOS in KRW 53 days, total FIM scores at the admission of KRW 85, those at discharge 108. The mean FIM gain and FIM efficiency were 19 and 0.417. All patients were discharged home. Model (1), (2), and (3)'s R2 were 0.794, 0.970, and 0.972. Their mean residuals between the predicted and actual total FIM scores were -1.56±24.6, -4.49±17.1, and -2.69±15.7. Conclusion Our FIM gain and efficiency were better than national averages of FIM gain 17.1 and FIM efficiency 0.187. We made DL-based total FIM score prediction models, and their accuracies were superior to those of previous statistically calculated ones. The DL-based FIM score prediction models would save medical costs and perform efficient stroke and rehabilitation medicine.Introduction Prediction models of functional independent measure (FIM) score after kaifukuki (convalescent) rehabilitation ward (KRW) are needed to decide the treatment strategies and save medical resources. Statistical models were reported, but their accuracies were not satisfactory. We made such prediction models using the deep learning (DL) framework, Prediction One (Sony Network Communications Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Methods Of the 559 consecutive stroke patients, 122 patients were transferred to our KRW. We divided our 122 patients' data randomly into halves of training and validation datasets. Prediction One made three prediction models from the training dataset using (1) variables at the acute care ward admission, (2) those at the KRW admission, and (3) those combined (1) and (2). The models' determination coefficients (R2), correlation coefficients (rs), and residuals were calculated using the validation dataset. Results Of the 122 patients, the median age was 71, length of stay (LOS) in acute care ward 23 (17-30) days, LOS in KRW 53 days, total FIM scores at the admission of KRW 85, those at discharge 108. The mean FIM gain and FIM efficiency were 19 and 0.417. All patients were discharged home. Model (1), (2), and (3)'s R2 were 0.794, 0.970, and 0.972. Their mean residuals between the predicted and actual total FIM scores were -1.56±24.6, -4.49±17.1, and -2.69±15.7. Conclusion Our FIM gain and efficiency were better than national averages of FIM gain 17.1 and FIM efficiency 0.187. We made DL-based total FIM score prediction models, and their accuracies were superior to those of previous statistically calculated ones. The DL-based FIM score prediction models would save medical costs and perform efficient stroke and rehabilitation medicine.

Background Cancerous cells are known to metastasize to different ocular structures. This happens especially to the choroid in males with lung cancer and females with breast cancer. However, we observed two cases of cancerous metastasis to the optic canal region. Both cases showed only a progressive decrease in vision without any other remarkable ophthalmological symptoms or abnormalities in the affected eye. Case presentation Two females, a 60-year-old and a 73-year-old, came to our hospital because of progressive loss of vision. These patients showed no remarkable symptoms or signs in their eyes except visual acuity loss. Several ophthalmoscopic examinations, such as slit lamp microscopy and fundoscopy, showed no abnormal changes in their affected eye but magnetic resonance imaging indicated a massive legion around the optic nerve. Conclusion It is possible for cancer to metastasize to the optic canal region and the existence of primary tumors should be considered.

A survey was conducted to describe the characteristics of patients treated for hypothermia after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Written questionnaires were distributed to 72 emergency medical hospitals in Miyagi Prefecture. Data were requested regarding inpatients with a temperature less than 36ºC admitted within 72 hours after the earthquake. The availability of functional heating systems and the time required to restore heating after the earthquake were also documented. A total of 91 inpatients from 13 hospitals were identified. Tsunami victims comprised 73% of the patients with hypothermia. Within 24 hours of the earthquake, 66 patients were admitted. Most patients with a temperature of 32ºC or higher were treated with passive external rewarming with blankets. Discharge without sequelae was reported for 83.3% of patients admitted within 24 hours of the earthquake and 44.0% of those admitted from 24 to 72 hours after the earthquake. Heating systems were restored within 3 days of the earthquake at 43% of the hospitals. Hypothermia in patients hospitalized within 72 hours of the earthquake was primarily due to cold-water exposure during the tsunami. Many patients were successfully treated in spite of the post-earthquake disruption of regional social infrastructure.

The search for habitable exoplanets in the Universe is actively ongoing in the field of astronomy. The biggest future milestone is to determine whether life exists on such habitable exoplanets. In that context, oxygen in the atmosphere has been considered strong evidence for the presence of photosynthetic organisms. In this paper, we show that a previously unconsidered photochemical mechanism by titanium (IV) oxide (titania) can produce abiotic oxygen from liquid water under near ultraviolet (NUV) lights on the surface of exoplanets. Titania works as a photocatalyst to dissociate liquid water in this process. This mechanism offers a different source of a possibility of abiotic oxygen in atmospheres of exoplanets from previously considered photodissociation of water vapor in upper atmospheres by extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light. Our order-of-magnitude estimation shows that possible amounts of oxygen produced by this abiotic mechanism can be comparable with or even more than that in the atmosphere of the current Earth, depending on the amount of active surface area for this mechanism. We conclude that titania may act as a potential source of false signs of life on habitable exoplanets.