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"Natalia Molina"
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How race is made in America
How Race Is Made in America examines Mexican Americans—from 1924, when American law drastically reduced immigration into the United States, to 1965, when many quotas were abolished—to understand how broad themes of race and citizenship are constructed. These years shaped the emergence of what Natalia Molina describes as an immigration regime, which defined the racial categories that continue to influence perceptions in the United States about Mexican Americans, race, and ethnicity. Molina demonstrates that despite the multiplicity of influences that help shape our concept of race, common themes prevail. Examining legal, political, social, and cultural sources related to immigration, she advances the theory that our understanding of race is socially constructed in relational ways—that is, in correspondence to other groups. Molina introduces and explains her central theory, racial scripts, which highlights the ways in which the lives of racialized groups are linked across time and space and thereby affect one another. How Race Is Made in America also shows that these racial scripts are easily adopted and adapted to apply to different racial groups.
eBook
Fit to Be Citizens?
Meticulously researched and beautifully written, Fit to Be Citizens? demonstrates how both science and public health shaped the meaning of race in the early twentieth century. Through a careful examination of the experiences of Mexican, Japanese, and Chinese immigrants in Los Angeles, Natalia Molina illustrates the many ways local health officials used complexly constructed concerns about public health to demean, diminish, discipline, and ultimately define racial groups. She shows how the racialization of Mexican Americans was not simply a matter of legal exclusion or labor exploitation, but rather that scientific discourses and public health practices played a key role in assigning negative racial characteristics to the group. The book skillfully moves beyond the binary oppositions that usually structure works in ethnic studies by deploying comparative and relational approaches that reveal the racialization of Mexican Americans as intimately associated with the relative historical and social positions of Asian Americans, African Americans, and whites. Its rich archival grounding provides a valuable history of public health in Los Angeles, living conditions among Mexican immigrants, and the ways in which regional racial categories influence national laws and practices. Molina's compelling study advances our understanding of the complexity of racial politics, attesting that racism is not static and that different groups can occupy different places in the racial order at different times.
eBook
Recycling of Residual Polymers Reinforced with Natural Fibers as a Sustainable Alternative: A Review
The latest advances in green alternatives are being addressed with bio-based solutions, with uses and applications in new areas due to their wide potential, low cost, lightness, renewability, biodegradability, impact toughness, fatigue resistance, and other specific properties. Natural fibers are sustainable materials that have led researchers to test their viability as alternative reinforcements in residual polymers to meet required engineering specifications; therefore, it is essential to continue making progress in replacing conventional materials. This review is expected to provide an overview of the current scopes and future prospects of biocomposites from polymers reinforced with natural fibers with a focus on the following: i. recycling of residual polymers; ii. available natural fibers and their components in the context of engineering applications; iii. the behavior of the structural modifications of the natural fibers with the physical and chemical treatments in the matrix interaction as reinforcements of the residual polymers; and iv. applications for the development of innovative, efficient, and sustainable solutions for successful, environmentally responsible products.
Journal Article
TRPV1-target drugs for the treatment of orofacial pain
Orofacial pain, encompassing sensory and emotional discomfort in the facial and oral regions, is a multifaceted condition that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. This review focuses on the role of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels in modulating orofacial pain and new ligands targeting this receptor. TRPV1 channels act as key mediators of nociception, responding to stimuli such as temperature, pH changes, and capsaicin molecules. Recent advancements in TRPV1-targeted therapeutics, including natural, synthetic, and protein-based molecules, offer promising strategies for pain management. This review analyzed studies related to TRPV1-mediated pain inhibition, including seven clinical trials and preclinical investigations. The compounds studied in these works demonstrated pain relief, although adverse effects were reported. TRPV1-targeted molecules represent a novel avenue for developing innovative pharmacological interventions, addressing the limitations of current therapies, and improving patient outcomes in managing orofacial pain.
Journal Article
The Long Arc of Dispossession: Racial Capitalism and Contested Notions of Citizenship in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands in the Early Twentieth Century
This article examines the deportation proceedings of Nicolas Flores to interrogate larger issues of race, citizenship, and belonging in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands. The case demonstrates how concepts of race based on culture and biology, and the fact that Flores lacked racial capital, helped cast doubt on his citizenship and even reinscribed him as an immigrant.
Journal Article
Simulated-based training for ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic nerve block: determining the learning curve and transference to real patient
Background
The following study aims to determine the learning curve experienced by anesthesia residents when training for an ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic block and the transference of this training to real patient situations.
Methods
After approval by the ethics committee, eleven first-year anesthesia residents were recruited to participate in a simulation-based training program to perform a single shot in plane popliteal sciatic block. Training consisted of 10 individual sessions, with direct feedback from the instructor, with a specific Laerdal® popliteal sciatic block phantom, lasting one hour and distributed weekly. At the end of each session, the resident’s performance was assessed. Residents were videotaped while performing the block, which was to be evaluated using a validated global rating scale (GRS). Additionally, a tracking motion device attached to the operator's hands (Imperial College Surgical Assessment Device, ICSAD) recorded the total distance traveled by both hands (Total path length, TPL), number of movements (NM), and total procedure time (TPT). One week later, the same assessment was done on a real patient.
Results
Ten residents completed the training and the assessments. Median values of GRS scores significantly improved from 15 to 28.3 through the training (
p
= 0.006). Regarding ICSAD scores, TPT improved from 126 to 63.4 s (
p
= 0.002), and TPL improved from 11.07 to 9.4 m (
p
= 0.322). When comparing the last simulated session and the subsequent measurement in an actual patient, median values of GRS, TPL and NM were not different.
Conclusions
This simulation-based training program significantly improved residents’ proficiency in an ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic block. The learning curve plateaued at session 7, and this improvement was transferred to the real patient setting.
As expected, residents needed more time for the first block on a real patient than for the last simulated session.
Clinical trial number
ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT06081790.
Journal Article
New Records of Insect Predators of Invasive Fluted Scales (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae: Iceryini) in Ecuador
Population outbreaks of invasive fluted scales in urban areas of Ecuador have become frequent in recent years. Despite the negative impact that these scale insects cause on the native flora, little is known about the natural enemies that control their populations in Ecuador. During collections and observations carried out between July and October 2021 in the province of Guayas, in western Ecuador, high infestations caused by the invasive pests Crypticerya genistae (Hempel, 1912), Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo & Unruh, 2009, and Icerya purchasi Maskell, 1879 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae: Iceryini) were found. Hence, this study aimed to determine the natural enemies of these fluted scales using taxonomic keys based on their morphological characteristics. As a result, five species of predators were identified, i.e., Novius punicus (Gordon, 1972), Novius cardinalis (Mulsant, 1850) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Syneura cocciphila (Coquillet, 1895) (Diptera: Phoridae), Ceraeochrysa sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), and Cardiastethus sp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae); the latter is reported preying on C. multicicatrices for the first time. Knowledge of natural enemies is crucial for developing more effective, eco-friendly pest management strategies that could help mitigate the adverse effects of these invasive scale insects.
Journal Article
Amphibians and reptiles of Isla Santay (Durán, Ecuador)
Amphibian and reptile diversity from Isla Santay (Durán, Ecuador) has been underestimated due to the lack of monitoring throughout the island. Historically, this island has also been affected by anthropic landscape changes which limit the occurrence of certain species and favors the dispersion of opportunistic or more tolerant species. Such species dynamics tend to be more evident on islands, since their isolation limits species' mobility. We present an updated checklist of the herpetofauna of Isla Santay Durán, Ecuador, and report for the first time the occurrence of two introduced species, Anolis sagrei Duméril & Bibron, 1837, Brown Anole, and Hemydactylus frenatus Duméril & Bibron, 1836.
Journal Article