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"Nath, Dev"
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Reviewing the Traditional/Modern Uses, Phytochemistry, Essential Oils/Extracts and Pharmacology of Embelia ribes Burm
Objectives: Embelia ribes Burm. (E. ribes, Myrsinaceae), also known as Vidanga in Ayurveda, has been shown to have significant therapeutic benefits on several disorders, and its main chemical bioactive constituent, embelin, has the therapeutic potential to be converted into innovative drugs, which is why it has recently received considerable interest. In the present work, we provide a higher level of comprehension, awareness, and extensive knowledge of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological characteristics of E. ribes throughout the last several decades (February 1965 to June 2021), emphasizing the importance of the study of essential oils extracted from E. ribes, which show a major potential for exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Materials and Methods: Google Scholar, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scifinder, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were used to conduct a thorough literature search. Results: E. ribes is high in essential oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and phenolics, all of which have medicinal benefits. The essential oils/extracts and isolated chemical constituents exhibited antioxidant activity, wound healing, antidiabetic, central nervous system (CNS)-related disease, antiviral, antiobesity, cardioprotective, antifungal, antibacterial, and antifertility activity, among other promising pharmacological effects. Conclusion: The translation between traditional applications and modern medicine may make E. ribes a promising target for the implementation of innovative medication. To investigate the efficacy and safety profile of E. ribes, further high-quality preclinical studies using advanced methodologies are required.
Journal Article
Role of Moringa oleifera Lam. in cancer: Phytochemistry and pharmacological insights
Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera), aka “Shigru,” “mother's best friend,” “miracle tree,” “horseradish tree,” “drumstick tree,” and “oil tree,” native of the sub‐Himalayan region of northern India, belongs to the Moringaceae family. The high nutritional value of M. oleifera makes it suitable for both nutritional and medicinal purposes. Because of its chemical constituents, M. oleifera is used to treat and combat malnutrition, especially in infants and nursing mothers. These days, herbal medicine and its phytocompound derivatives are also being recognized as effective complementary therapies for cancer treatment. So, in this study, M. oleifera is reviewed for its anticancer property. By thoroughly scanning the PubMed, Embase, SinoMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, an extensive up‐to‐date report on its ethnomedicinal use, nutritional, phytochemistry, and pharmacotherapeutic potential is done. It has valuable nutrients such as vitamins, proteins, iron, calcium, antioxidants (flavonoids, carotenoids, and phenols) and ascorbic acid. Additionally, it is used as an antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antidiabetic agent. There are also concrete evidence that this plant's bioactive constituents, numerous extracts have a high biopotential in a number of cancer cells, through its antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, antiproliferative, and cell cycle arresting properties. This extensive literature review will provide insights into several mechanisms and signaling pathways of its various phytoconstituents that can mitigate the growth of cancer cells in various experimental models, safety and toxicity concerns, and drug–drug interactions.
Journal Article
An Improved Machine-Learning Approach for COVID-19 Prediction Using Harris Hawks Optimization and Feature Analysis Using SHAP
A healthcare monitoring system needs the support of recent technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and big data, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This global pandemic has already taken millions of lives. Both infected and uninfected people have generated big data where AI and ML can use to combat and detect COVID-19 at an early stage. Motivated by this, an improved ML framework for the early detection of this disease is proposed in this paper. The state-of-the-art Harris hawks optimization (HHO) algorithm with an improved objective function is proposed and applied to optimize the hyperparameters of the ML algorithms, namely HHO-based eXtreme gradient boosting (HHOXGB), light gradient boosting (HHOLGB), categorical boosting (HHOCAT), random forest (HHORF) and support vector classifier (HHOSVC). An ensemble technique was applied to these optimized ML models to improve the prediction performance. Our proposed method was applied to publicly available big COVID-19 data and yielded a prediction accuracy of 92.38% using the ensemble model. In contrast, HHOXGB provided the highest accuracy of 92.23% as a single optimized model. The performance of the proposed method was compared with the traditional algorithms and other ML-based methods. In both cases, our proposed method performed better. Furthermore, not only the classification improvement, but also the features are analyzed in terms of feature importance calculated by SHapely adaptive exPlanations (SHAP) values. A graphical user interface is also discussed as a potential tool for nonspecialist users such as clinical staff and nurses. The processed data, trained model, and codes related to this study are available at GitHub.
Journal Article
Performance Evaluation of Sandwich Structures Printed by Vat Photopolymerization
Additive manufacturing such as vat photopolymerization allows to fabricate intricate geometric structures than conventional manufacturing techniques. However, the manufacturing of lightweight sandwich structures with integrated core and facesheet is rarely fabricated using this process. In this study, photoactivatable liquid resin was used to fabricate sandwich structures with various intricate core topologies including the honeycomb, re-entrant honeycomb, diamond, and square by a vat photopolymerization technique. Uniaxial compression tests were performed to investigate the compressive modulus and strength of these lightweight structures. Sandwich cores with the diamond structure exhibited superior compressive and weight-saving properties whereas the re-entrant structures showed high energy absorption capacity. The fractured regions of the cellular cores were visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Elastoplastic finite element analyses showed the stress distribution of the sandwich structures under compressive loading, which are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed to compare the behavior of these structures under varying temperatures. All the sandwich structures exhibited more stable thermomechanical properties than the solid materials at elevated temperatures. The findings of this study offer insights into the superior structural and thermal properties of sandwich structures printed by a vat photopolymerization technique, which can benefit a wide range of engineering applications.
Journal Article
Pharmacognostical Assessment, Antioxidant Ability and Determination of Phytomolecules using GC-MS in Gloriosa superba Linn
Gloriosa superba Linn (family Colchicaceae) is a tendril climber with cylindrical and V or L shaped rhizomes that has received much attention due to its ancient pharmacological uses and being a rich source of colchicine. The pharmacognostical profile of leaf, stem and rhizome were analysed to assure the grade of raw material in the proposed investigation. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of ethanolic rhizome extract of G. superba (EREG) was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging assay. Simultaneously, we have evaluated the phytochemical profile of EREG by GC-MS and total phenolic content was performed as well. Transverse section (TS) of rhizome revealed thin layer of brownish scales that fabricate the outer skin. In addition, the cortical area made up of homogeneous fleshy and parenchymal cells filled with starch granules which is one of the superabundant diagnostic features of this plant. Pharmacognostical profile of leaf, stem and rhizome of the plant demonstrated the evidence of authenticity of this plant. Anti-scavenging capacity (IC50) and total phenolic content was 77.20% and 9.54 mg, GAE/g, respectively. The GC-MS library identified two phytoconstituents as diethyl phthalate (100% peak area) and arsenous acid, tris(trimethylsilyl) ester (22.68% peak area) whose vast benefits are reported in the fields of pharmaceuticals, industry and personal care products. Frivolous research work in the field of pharmacognosy, antioxidant ability and instrumental analysis for phytomolecules provides a vast avenue for research on G. superba.
Journal Article
Acute and sub-chronic toxicity study of traditional Indian medicine Manahshila (realgar)
ObjectiveIn the present scenario, interest and concerns are projected about arsenic and other heavy metal-containing formulations for their safety aspects. Although arsenical Ayurvedic formulations were used safely, on the other hand, it is not used as a single compound in the clinical practices that is why there is an importance to produce research-based confirmation that these compounds are safe. Manahshila (realgar) is one of the arsenical compounds which is widely used in preparation and practice of Ayurvedic medicine. The aim of the present study was to assess the safety profile of crude realgar (CR) and purified realgar (PR) in rats.MethodsThe CR and PR were given to overnight starved animals at sorted doses by following the ‘Up and Down method’ with 2 g/kg for acute toxicity. In the sub-chronic toxicity, the CR and PR were given at the doses of 0.7, 3.5 and 7 mg/kg to rats for 28 days. Rats were slaughter after anaesthetized with an overdose of carbon dioxide on 29th day. The effects of both drugs were evaluated on body weight changes, food–water intake, changes in biochemical, haematological and histopathological parameters.ResultsThe PR-treated rats did not show any differences in gross behaviour up to 14 days, while CR-treated rats showed signs of toxicity like sedentary, trembling, piloerection, fore-limbs and body stretching through 14 days at the dose level of 2 g/kg. In the sub-chronic study, changes in weight, food–water intake, biochemical and cytoarchitecture in organs of CR and tenfold of a therapeutic dose of PR-treated rats were found.ConclusionThe obtained results showed that PR is safe at its effective dose for clinical practice.
Journal Article
A REVIEW ON BREAST CANCER W.S.R. TO HERBAL DRUGS
Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. Breast cancer is one of the principal causes of death among women and there is a pressing need to develop novel and effective anti?cancer agents.Naturalplant products have shown promising results inbreast cancer. Their effectiveness is reported as decreased toxicity in usage, along with safety and less recurrent resistances compared with hormonaltargeting anti-cancer agents.
Journal Article