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U.S. emotion culture contains beliefs that women are more emotional and emotionally expressive than men and that men and women differ in their experience and expression of specific emotions. Using data from the 1996 emotions module of the GSS, the authors investigate whether men and women differ in self-reports of feelings and expressive behavior, evaluating whether the patterns observed for men and women are consistent with cultural beliefs as well as predictions from two sociological theories about emotion and two sociological theories about gender. Surprisingly, self-reports do not support cultural beliefs about gender differences in the frequency of everyday subjective feelings in general. Men and women do, however, differ in the frequency of certain positive and negative feelings, which is explained by their difference in social position. The implications of the findings for theory and research on both gender and emotion are discussed. Reprinted by permission of the University of Chicago Press. © All rights reserved

This study explores the effect of religious conservatism on the labor force behavior of women who marry or add a new child to their household, using the 1988 - 1993 National Survey of Families and Households (N = 3,494). We model changes in labor supply, occupation, and wages as a function of either conservative denominational membership or conservative religious belief, holding other economic and demographic characteristics constant. Among Whites, conservative denomination did decrease labor supply following marriage or a marital birth, whereas conservative religious beliefs had larger influences on occupation choice and wages. Among Blacks, conservative denomination increased labor supply following marital births, but neither denomination nor belief affected occupation or wage growth. Results show the significance of religious ideology for understanding continuing gender inequality.

U.S. emotion culture contains beliefs that women are more emotional and emotionally expressive than men and that men and women differ in their experience and expression of specific emotions. Using data from the 1996 emotions module of the GSS, the authors investigate whether men and women differ in self‐reports of feelings and expressive behavior, evaluating whether the patterns observed for men and women are consistent with cultural beliefs as well as predictions from two sociological theories about emotion and two sociological theories about gender. Surprisingly, self‐reports do not support cultural beliefs about gender differences in the frequency of everyday subjective feelings in general. Men and women do, however, differ in the frequency of certain positive and negative feelings, which is explained by their difference in social position. The implications of the findings for theory and research on both gender and emotion are discussed.

Why do some groups of students score lower than do others on standardized tests? Stereotype threat theory proposes that added pressure from the threat of confirming a negative stereotype impairs test performance. A related theory of differential expected consequences proposes that low-status test takers also expect negative consequences from doing too well on the test. Two laboratory studies investigated whether stereotype threat, differential expected consequences, or both impair test performance on standard mental ability tests. Stereotype threat and differential expected consequences were both found to impair scores on a standard test of mental ability, the Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices. Moreover, both theories explain how the test scores of the best students may be the most severely affected by negative stereotypes.

Nath reviews The Disappearance of the Social in American Social Psychology by John D. Greenwood.