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One Health is an emerging concept that stresses the linkages between human, animal, and environmental health, as well as the need for interdisciplinary communication and collaboration to address health issues including emerging zoonotic diseases, climate change impacts, and the human-animal bond. It promotes complex problem solving using a systems framework that considers interactions between humans, animals, and their shared environment. While many medical educators may not yet be familiar with the concept, the One Health approach has been endorsed by a number of major medical and public health organizations and is beginning to be implemented in a number of medical schools. In the research setting, One Health opens up new avenues to understand, detect, and prevent emerging infectious diseases, and also to conduct translational studies across species. In the clinical setting, One Health provides practical ways to incorporate environmental and animal contact considerations into patient care. This paper reviews clinical and research aspects of the One Health approach through an illustrative case updating the biopsychosocial model and proposes a basic set of One Health competencies for training and education of human health care providers.

\" In their critically acclaimed bestseller, Zoobiquity, the authors revealed the essential connection between human and animal health. In Wildhood, they turn the same eye-opening, species-spanning lens to adolescent young adult life. Traveling around the world and drawing from their latest research, they find that the same four universal challenges are faced by every adolescent human and animal on earth: how to be safe, how to navigate hierarchy; how to court potential mates; and how to feed oneself. Safety. Status. Sex. Self-reliance. How human and animal adolescents and young adults confront the challenges of wildhood shapes their adult destinies\"--Amazon.

One Health is one of the most important movements and emerging concepts in health today. The convergence of the fields of human and animal medicine has the potential to generate novel scientific hypotheses, create effective new therapies and potentially transform how physicians, veterinarians and their patients understand health and disease. Despite this potential, One Health has not yet gained significant awareness or traction in human medical communities. From its inception, One Health, sometimes also called One Medicine, has been piloted primarily by leaders from the world of veterinary medicine. Although the specific term was coined perhaps 10 years ago, comparative medicine has been quietly evident on university campuses with veterinary and medical schools for decades longer. Although a few physicians have played major leadership roles in One Health, in the United States, despite over ten years of the movement’s robust growth, many have still not heard of it. Furthermore, physicians with some awareness of One Health often believe it to be primarily and exclusively about zoonotic infections and global health. The much broader scope and potential of One Health as also including comparative physiology and medicine is not being communicated effectively. Consequently, the human medical community remains largely disengaged. This is problematic because without significant engagement from physicians, nurses and other human health care professionals, the potential of One Health cannot be realized. To advance One Health it is imperative that we first understand the roots of under-engagement of the human medical community. This, in turn, can guide the development of novel and engaging opportunities for physician which demonstrate the power relevance of One Health’s comparative, collaborative and cooperative approach.[...]

Background and objectives: Capture myopathy (CM) syndromes in wildlife may be a model for human stress cardiomyopathy, including Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Emotional stress or grief may trigger heart attack-like symptoms, and occasionally, sudden death in some humans. Similarly, wildlife exposed to predatory stresses, chase, or capture occasionally results in sudden death. To better understand the nature of vulnerability to stress-induced sudden death, we studied cases of CM in hooved mammals—ungulates—and hypothesized that CM would be associated with a syndrome of longevity-related traits. Methodology: We reconstructed the evolution of CM in ungulates then determined how a set of life history traits explained variation in the likelihood that CM was reported. Results: CM is broadly reported, but not in all genera, and phylogenetic analyses suggest that it is an evolutionarily labile trait. We found that the following traits were significantly associated with reports of CM: greater brain mass, faster maximum running speed, greater minimum group size and greater maximum longevity. Conclusions and implications: CM may be an unavoidable consequence of adaptations to reduce predation risk that include increased running speed, sociality and having larger brains. Moreover, longer-lived species seem to be more likely to be susceptible to CM. Exploring variable susceptibility to CM highlights the evolutionary origins of the disorder, potential basic mechanisms that underlie vulnerability to the phenomenon, and the potential for reduction of risk through modification of life history trajectory.

Women are disproportionately vulnerable to a range of human clinical pathologies. The evolutionary history underlying the emergence of disease vulnerability can strengthen our understanding of clinically important sex-differences. Novel, broadly phylogenetic methodologies can provide a view into the evolutionary processes shaping the modern female vulnerability to diseases including Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTCM). TTCM is a stress-induced cardiac syndrome with an incidence that is nine times greater in women than men. This two-part study integrates evolutionary biology with systems-level molecular analyses to explore the origins of cardiovascular sex differences. The following hypothesis is advanced and explored: The evolution of placental pregnancy imposed unique selective pressures on the female myocardium, leading to distinct sex-specific cardiac phenotypes. These adaptations, beneficial during pregnancy, may predispose women to TTCM later in life, representing an evolutionary trade-off. Part I Introduces the shared evolutionary legacy of female humans and other mammals as a source of insights for women’s health. Mapping vulnerability to pathologies ranging from mammary carcinoma to endometriosis and heart failure in females across the tree of life provides new perspective on the causes of and potential solutions for women’s health challenges including cardiovascular disease.Part II.A Introduces and evaluates the evolutionary hypothesis for disproportionate incidence of TTCM leveraging a novel application of computational phylostratigraphy and PhyloFastStrat, an interactive browser-based application developed for rapid assessment of evolutionary trade-off hypotheses. The emergence of TTCM-related, pregnancy-related and sex-biased cardiac genes are mapped onto a matrix of 27 phylostrata across the evolution of life. Results reveal significant overrepresentation of these genes during the evolution of mammalian placental pregnancy, supporting the hypothesis that pregnancy-related selective pressures drove sex-specific myocardial adaptations.Part II.B Validates these findings through functional analyses. Differential gene expression and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified modules enriched for TTCM-associated and sex-biased genes, with the \"turquoise module\" showing overlap with pathways involved in cardiac remodeling during pregnancy. Functional enrichment analyses highlight biological processes such as ventricular development, linking pregnancy adaptations to TTCM vulnerability.These findings provide molecular evidence for an evolutionary trade-off, where pregnancy adaptations enhance maternal survival but increase long-term cardiovascular risk. This interdisciplinary approach offers insights into the origins of sex differences in cardiovascular diseases, identifies promising pathways to be targeted by novel therapeutics, and underscores the need for research focused on impact of parity on a female’s cardiac function. In addition, the results suggest that the application of a broadly phylogenomic evolutionary lens can strengthen our approach to women’s health.

[...]the availability and quality of data can vary greatly across sectors and, even where data exist, key challenges linked to data sharing and integration must be addressed. [...]a One Health approach to surveillance provides unique opportunities to monitor not only threats, but also the preconditions for health and determinants of healthy and sustainable systems, thereby supporting resilient ecosystems and health-promoting environments. Infectious diseases A One Health approach to infectious diseases must address not only zoonotic diseases of pandemic potential, but also neglected tropical diseases and the effect of infectious animal diseases on the health of livestock, wildlife (terrestrial and aquatic animal, plant, and insect species), companion animals, food systems and nutrition, antimicrobial use, livelihoods, and economic development. Non-communicable diseases Non-communicable diseases have traditionally received little attention within One Health research and practice, which this Commission seeks to change. A One Health approach to non-communicable diseases enables a systematic understanding and equitable approach to addressing the shared risk factors (eg, environmental pollutants, unhealthy diets, and climate change) and other determinants of health and wellbeing across species and throughout the socioecological system.

Structural and functional elements of biological systems are highly conserved across vertebrates. Many neurological and psychiatric conditions affect both humans and animals. A cross-species approach to the study of brain and behaviour can advance our understanding of human disorders via the identification of unrecognized natural models of spontaneous disorders, thus revealing novel factors that increase vulnerability or resilience, and via the assessment of potential therapies. Moreover, diagnostic and therapeutic advances in human neurology and psychiatry can often be adapted for veterinary patients. However, clinical and research collaborations between physicians and veterinarians remain limited, leaving this wealth of comparative information largely untapped. Here, we review pain, cognitive decline syndromes, epilepsy, anxiety and compulsions, autoimmune and infectious encephalitides and mismatch disorders across a range of animal species, looking for novel insights with translational potential. This comparative perspective can help generate novel hypotheses, expand and improve clinical trials and identify natural animal models of disease resistance and vulnerability.

The evolved adaptations of other species can be a source of insight for novel biomedical innovation. Limitations of traditional animal models for the study of some pathologies are fueling efforts to find new approaches to biomedical investigation. One emerging approach recognizes the evolved adaptations in other species as possible solutions to human pathology. The giraffe heart, for example, appears resistant to pathology related to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)—a leading form of hypertension-associated cardiovascular disease in humans. Here, we postulate that the physiological pressure-induced left ventricular thickening in giraffes does not result in the pathological cardiovascular changes observed in humans with hypertension. The mechanisms underlying this cardiovascular adaptation to high blood pressure in the giraffe may be a bioinspired roadmap for preventive and therapeutic strategies for human HFpEF.